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Rationality, Relativism and Incommensurability

Rationality, Relativism and Incommensurability
Author: Howard Sankey
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 210
Release: 2018-12-24
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 042977611X

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First published in 1997, this volume brings together a series of essays on the philosophy of science and responds to the "crisis of rationality" which evolved from the denial of both a stable methodology and a common language for science. Howard Sankey holds that important insights about scientific methodology and rationality may be gleaned from the historical approach, from which the existence of profound conceptual change in science, as well as the absence of a neutral observation language, are important findings. Half of Sankey’s essays concentrate specifically on the thesis that alternative scientific theories are incommensurable due to semantic differences between the vocabulary in which they are expressed. Several others seek to derive a new way of thinking about scientific rationality from the historical critique of the idea of a fixed scientific method. Still others demonstrate how some seemingly relativistic themes of the historical approach may be embraced in a non-relativistic manner within the context of a pluralistic and naturalistic theory of scientific methodology and rationality.


Rationality, Relativism and the Human Sciences

Rationality, Relativism and the Human Sciences
Author: Joseph Margolis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 245
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9400943628

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The Greater Philadelphia Philosophy Consortium was launched in the early eighties. It began during a particularly lean period in the American economy. But its success is linked as much to the need to be in touch with the rapidly changing currents of the philosophical climate as with the need to insure an adequately stocked professional community in the Philadelphia area faced, perhaps permanently, with the threat of increasing attrition. The member schools of the Consortium now include Bryn Mawr College, the University of Pennsylvania, Temple University, and Villanova University, that is, the schools of the area that offer advanced degrees in philosophy. The philosophy faculties of these schools form the core of the Consortium, which offers graduate students the instructional and library facilities of each member school. The Consortium is also supported by the associated faculties of other regional schools that do not offer advanced degrees - notably, those at Drexel University, Haverford College, La Salle University, and Swarthmore College - both philosophers and members of other departments as well as interested and professionally qualified persons from the entire region. The affiliated and core professionals now number several hundreds, and the Consortium's various ventures have been received most enthusiastically by the academic community. At this moment, the Consortium is planning its fifth year of what it calls the Conferences on the Philosophy of the Human Studies.


Incommensurability and Related Matters

Incommensurability and Related Matters
Author: Paul Hoyningen-Huene
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 363
Release: 2013-04-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9401596808

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Incommensurability and Related Matters draws together some of the most distinguished contributors to the critical literature on the problem of the incommensurability of scientific theories. It addresses all the various problems raised by the problem of incommensurability, such as meaning change, reference of theoretical terms, scientific realism and anti-realism, rationality of theory choice, cognitive aspects of conceptual change, as well as exploring the broader implications of incommensurability for cultural difference. While it offers new work, and new directions of discussion, on the topic of incommensurability, the book also recapitulates the history of the discussion of the topic that has taken place within the literature on incommensurability.


Relativism

Relativism
Author: Paul O'Grady
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 209
Release: 2014-12-18
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1317489837

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The issue of relativism looms large in many contemporary discussions of knowledge, reality, society, religion, culture and gender. Is truth relative? To what extent is knowledge dependent on context? Are there different logics? Do different cultures and societies see the world differently? And is reality itself something that is constructed? This book offers a path through these debates. O'Grady begins by clarifying what exactly relativism is and how it differs from scepticism and pluralism. He then examines five main types of cognitive relativism: alethic relativism, logical relativism, ontological relativism; epistemological relativism, and relativism about rationality. Each is clearly distinguised and the arguments for and against each are assessed. O'Grady offers a welcome survey of recent debates, engaging with the work of Davidson, Devitt, Kuhn, Putnam, Quine, Rorty, Searle, Winch and Wittgenstein, among others, and he offers a distinct position of his own on this hotly contested issue.


Relativism Refuted

Relativism Refuted
Author: H. Siegel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 230
Release: 2013-06-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9401577463

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Relativism in the Philosophy of Science

Relativism in the Philosophy of Science
Author: Martin Kusch
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 154
Release: 2021-01-28
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1108981372

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'Relativism versus absolutism' is one of the fundamental oppositions that have dominated reflections about science for much of its (modern) history. Often these reflections have been inseparable from wider social-political concerns regarding the position of science in society. Where does this debate stand in the philosophy and sociology of science today? And how does the 'relativism question' relate to current concerns with 'post truth' politics? In Relativism in the Philosophy of Science, Martin Kusch examines some of the most influential relativist proposals of the last fifty years, and the controversies they have triggered. He argues that defensible forms of relativism all deny that any sense can be made of a scientific result being absolutely true or justified, and that they all reject 'anything goes' – that is the thought that all scientific results are epistemically on a par. Kusch concludes by distinguishing between defensible forms of relativism and post-truth thinking.


Beyond Objectivism and Relativism

Beyond Objectivism and Relativism
Author: Richard J. Bernstein
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Total Pages: 310
Release: 2011-09-16
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0812205502

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Drawing freely and expertly from Continental and analytic traditions, Richard Bernstein examines a number of debates and controversies exemplified in the works of Gadamer, Habermas, Rorty, and Arendt. He argues that a "new conversation" is emerging about human rationality—a new understanding that emphasizes its practical character and has important ramifications both for thought and action.


Rationality and Relativism

Rationality and Relativism
Author: Martin Hollis
Publisher: Mit Press
Total Pages: 312
Release: 1982
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 9780262580618

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The contributors represent the complete spectrum of positions between a relativism that challenges the very concept of a single world and the idea that there are ascertainable, objective universals.


Relativism

Relativism
Author: Maria Baghramian
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 326
Release: 2019-09-30
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1000691101

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Relativism, an ancient philosophical doctrine, is once again a topic of heated debate. In this book, Maria Baghramian and Annalisa Coliva present the recent arguments for and against various forms of relativism. The first two chapters introduce the conceptual and historical contours of relativism. These are followed by critical investigations of relativism about truth, conceptual relativism, epistemic relativism, and moral relativism. The concluding chapter asks whether it is possible to make sense of relativism as a philosophical thesis. The book introduces readers to the main types of relativism and the arguments in their favor. It also goes beyond the expository material to engage in more detailed critical responses to the key positions and authors under discussion. Including chapter summaries, suggestions for further reading, and a glossary, Relativism is essential reading for students of philosophy as well as those in related disciplines where relativism is studied, such as anthropology, sociology, and politics.


The Rationality of Science

The Rationality of Science
Author: W.H. Newton-Smith
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 307
Release: 2002-02-07
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1134930976

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A clear, original and systematic introduction to philosophy of science which examines the theories of Popper, Lakatos, Kuhn and Feyerabend before proposing a new, temperate rationalist perspective.