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| Author | : Julia Staffel |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
| Total Pages | : 228 |
| Release | : 2020-01-05 |
| Genre | : Rationalism |
| ISBN | : 0198833717 |
Download Unsettled Thoughts Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
How should thinkers cope with uncertainty? What makes their degrees of belief rational, and how should they reason about uncertain matters? In epistemology, recent research has attempted to answer these questions by developing formal models of ideally rational credences. However, we know from psychological research that perfect rationality is unattainable for human thinkers--and so this raises the question of how rational ideals can apply to human thinkers. A popular reply is that the more a thinker's imperfectly rational credences approximate compliance with norms of ideal rationality, the better. But what exactly does this mean? Why is it better to be less irrational, if we can't ever be completely rational? And what does being closer to ideally rational amount to? If ideal models of rationality are supposed to help us understand the rationality of human, imperfect thinkers, we need answers to these questions. Unsettled Thoughts breaks new ground in the study of rationality in providing these answers: we can explain why it's better to be less irrational, because less irrational degrees of belief are generally more accurate and better at guiding our actions. Moreover, the way in which approximating ideal rationality is beneficial can be made formally precise by using a variety of distance measures that track the benefits of being more rational.
| Author | : Stefano Gattei |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 154 |
| Release | : 2008-10-16 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 1134182953 |
Download Karl Popper's Philosophy of Science Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Rectifying misrepresentations of Popperian thought with a historical approach to Popper’s philosophy, Gattei reconstructs the logic of Popper’s development to show how one problem and its tentative solution led to a new problem.
| Author | : Errol Lord |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 278 |
| Release | : 2018-05-30 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 0192546759 |
Download The Importance of Being Rational Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The Importance of Being Rational systematically defends a novel reasons-based account of rationality. The book's central thesis is that what it is for one to be rational is to correctly respond to the normative reasons one possesses. Errol Lord defends novel views about what it is to possess reasons and what it is to correctly respond to reasons. He shows that these views not only help to support the book's main thesis, they also help to resolve several important problems that are independent of rationality. The account of possession provides novel contributions to debates about what determines what we ought to do, and the account of correctly responding to reasons provides novel contributions to debates about causal theories of reacting for reasons. After defending views about possession and correctly responding, Lord shows that the account of rationality can solve two difficult problems about rationality. The first is the New Evil Demon problem. The book argues that the account has the resources to show that internal duplicates necessarily have the same rational status. The second problem concerns the deontic significance of rationality. Recently it has been doubted whether we ought to be rational. The ultimate conclusion of the book is that the requirements of rationality are the requirements that we ultimately ought to comply with. If this is right, then rationality is of fundamental importance to our deliberative lives.
| Author | : Alexander Campbell Fraser |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 168 |
| Release | : 1858 |
| Genre | : Rationalism |
| ISBN | : |
Download Rational Philosophy in History and in System Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : J. Agassi |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 414 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 9401010951 |
Download Towards a Rational Philosophical Anthropology Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The thesis of the present volume is critical and dual. (1) Present day philosophy of man and sciences of man suffer from the Greek mis taken polarization of everything human into nature and convention which is (allegedly) good and evil, which is (allegedly) truth and fal sity, which is (allegedly) rationality and irrationality, to wit, the polar ization of all fields of inquiry, the natural and social sciences, as well as ethics and all technology, whether natural or social, into the totally positive and the totally negative. (2) Almost all philosophy and sci ences of man share the erroneous work ethic which is the myth of man's evil nature - the myth of the beast in man, the doctrine of original sin. To mediate or to compromise between the first view of human nature as good with the second view of it as evil, sociologists have devised a modified utilitarianism with deferred gratification so called, and the theory of the evil of artificial competition (capitalist and socialist alike) and of keeping up with the Joneses. Now, the mediation is not necessary. For, the polarization makes for abstract errors which are simplistic views of rationality, such as reductionism and positivism of all sorts, as well as for concrete errors, such as the disposition to condemn repeatedly those human weaknesses which are inevitable, namely man's inability to be perfectly rational, avoid all error, etc. , thus setting man against himself as all too wicked.
| Author | : Ralph Wedgwood |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 278 |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 0198802692 |
Download The Value of Rationality Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Ralph Wedgwood gives a general account of the concept of rationality. The Value of Rationality is designed as the first instalment of a trilogy - to be followed by accounts of the requirements of rationality that apply specifically to beliefs and choices. The central claim of the book is that rationality is a normative concept. This claim is defended against some recent objections. Normative concepts are to be explained in terms of values (not in terms of 'ought' or reasons). Rationality is itself a value: rational thinking is in a certain way better than irrational thinking. Specifically, rationality is an internalist concept: what it is rational for you to think now depends solely on what is now present in your mind. Nonetheless, rationality has an external goal - the goal of thinking correctly, or getting things right in one's thinking. The connection between thinking rationally and thinking correctly is probabilistic: if your thinking is irrational, that is in effect bad news about your thinking's degree of correctness. This account of rationality explains how we should set about giving a theory of what it is for beliefs and choices to be rational. Wedgwood thus unifies practical and theoretical rationality, and reveals the connections between formal accounts of rationality (such as those of formal epistemologists and decision theorists) and the more metaethics-inspired recent discussions of the normativity of rationality. He does so partly by drawing on recent work in the semantics of normative and modal terms (including deontic modals like 'ought').
| Author | : Donald Robertson |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 319 |
| Release | : 2018-05-08 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 0429907516 |
Download The Philosophy of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Why should modern psychotherapists be interested in philosophy, especially ancient philosophy? Why should philosophers be interested in psychotherapy? There is a sense of mutual attraction between what are today two thoroughly distinct disciplines. However, arguably it was not always the case that they were distinct. The author takes the view that by reconsidering the generally received wisdom concerning the history of these closely-related subjects, we can learn a great deal about both philosophy and psychotherapy, under which heading he includes potentially solitary pursuits such as "self-help" and "personal development".
| Author | : Alexander Campbell FRASER (Philosopher.) |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 176 |
| Release | : 1858 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Rational Philosophy in history and in system: an introduction to a logical and metaphysical course Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Maria Cristina Amoretti |
| Publisher | : Walter de Gruyter |
| Total Pages | : 254 |
| Release | : 2013-05-02 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 3110325861 |
Download Reason and Rationality Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Reason and rationality represent crucial elements of the self-image of human beings and have unquestionably been among the most debated issues in Western philosophy, dating from ancient Greece, through the Middle Ages, and to the present day. Many words and thoughts have already been spent trying to define the nature and standards of reason and rationality, what they could or ought to be, and under what conditions something can be said to be rational. This volume focuses instead on the relationships of reason and rationality to some relevant specific topics, i.e., science, knowledge, gender, politics, ethics, religion, aesthetics, language, logic, and metaphysics, trying to uncover and clarify both the connections and differences in their various characterisations and uses.
| Author | : Harry Mann Gordin |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 486 |
| Release | : 1924 |
| Genre | : Life |
| ISBN | : |
Download Science, Truth, Religion and Ethics as Foundations of a Rational Philosophy of Life Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
