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| Author | : Jules L. Coleman |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 263 |
| Release | : 1998-11-13 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 0521631793 |
Essays concerned with fundamental issues of rational commitment and social justice to which Kavka devoted his work as a philosopher.
| Author | : Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 220 |
| Release | : 1922 |
| Genre | : Social ethics |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Fabienne Peter |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
| Total Pages | : 390 |
| Release | : 2007-12-13 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0199287260 |
List of Figures, Schemata, and Tables p. vii List of Contributors p. ix Acknowledgments p. xii Introduction p. 1 Rational Fools, Rational Commitments Fabienne Peter and Hans Bernhard Schmid p. 3 Part I Committed Action p. 15 1 Why Exactly is Commitment Important for Rationality? Amartya Sen p. 17 2 Construing Sen on Commitment Philip Pettit p. 28 3 Sympathy, Commitment, and Preference Daniel M. Hausman p. 49 Part II Rethinking Rationality p. 71 4 Instrumental Rationality versus Practical Reason: Desires, Ends, and Commitment Herlinde Pauer-Studer p. 73 5 The Grammar of Rationality Geoffrey Brennan p. 105 6 The Rationality of Rational Fools: The Role of Commitments, Persons, and Agents in Rational Choice Modelling Werner Guth and Hartmut Kliemt p. 124 7 Rational Self-Commitment Bruno Verbeek p. 150 8 Rationality and Commitment in Voluntary Cooperation: Insights from Experimental Economics Simon Gachter and Christian Thoni p. 175 Part III Commitment, Intentions, and Identity p. 209 9 Beyond Self-Goal Choice: Amartya Sen's Analysis of the Structure of Commitment and the Role of Shared Desires Hans Bernhard Schmid p. 211 10 Cooperation and the We-Perspective Raimo Tuomela p. 227 11 Collective Intentions, Commitment, and Collective Action Problems Margaret Gilbert p. 258 12 Theories of Team Agency Natalie Gold and Robert Sugden p. 280 13 Identity and Commitment: Sen's Fourth Aspects of the Self John B. Davis p. 313 Comment p. 337 Rational Choice: Discipline, Brand Name, and Substance Amartya Sen p. 339 Index.
| Author | : Malcolm Murray |
| Publisher | : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP |
| Total Pages | : 411 |
| Release | : 2017-09-27 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 0773551824 |
How are we meant to behave? And how are we to defend whatever answer we give? Morals and Consent grounds our notion of morality in natural evolution, and from that basis, Malcolm Murray shows why contractarianism is a far more viable moral theory than is widely believed. The scope of Morals and Consent has two main parts: theory and application. In his discussion of theory, Murray defends contractarianism by appealing to evolutionary game theory and metaethical analyses. His main argument is that we are not going to find morality as an objective fact in the world, and that instead, we can understand morality as a reciprocal cooperative trait. From this minimal moral architecture, Murray derives his innovative consent principle. The application of the theory, detailing what contractarians can – or ought to – say about moral matters, takes up the greater portion of the work. Murray offers a trenchant examination of what moral constraints we can claim concerning death (abortion, euthanasia, and capital punishment), sex (pornography, prostitution, and sexual assault), beneficence (toward present and future people, animals, and the environment), and liberty (genetic enhancement, organ sales, and torture). By focusing on evolutionary contractarianism and the epistemic justification of our moral claims – or lack thereof – Malcolm Murray’s Morals and Consent is a serious advance in the field of applied ethics and fills an important void.
| Author | : S. M. Amadae |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 365 |
| Release | : 2016-01-14 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1316445208 |
Is capitalism inherently predatory? Must there be winners and losers? Is public interest outdated and free-riding rational? Is consumer choice the same as self-determination? Must bargainers abandon the no-harm principle? Prisoners of Reason recalls that classical liberal capitalism exalted the no-harm principle. Although imperfect and exclusionary, modern liberalism recognized individual human dignity alongside individuals' responsibility to respect others. Neoliberalism, by contrast, views life as ceaseless struggle. Agents vie for scarce resources in antagonistic competition in which every individual seeks dominance. This political theory is codified in non-cooperative game theory; the neoliberal citizen and consumer is the strategic rational actor. Rational choice justifies ends irrespective of means. Money becomes the medium of all value. Solidarity and good will are invalidated. Relationships are conducted on a quid pro quo basis. However, agents can freely opt out of this cynical race to the bottom by embracing a more expansive range of coherent action.
| Author | : Anita M. Superson |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 264 |
| Release | : 2009-03-13 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 0190452064 |
Anita Superson challenges the traditional picture of the skeptic who asks, "Why be moral?" While holding that the skeptic's position is important, she builds an argument against it by understanding it more deeply, and then shows what it would take to successfully defeat it. Superson argues that we must defeat not only the action skeptic, but the disposition skeptic, who denies that being morally disposed is rationally required, and the motive skeptic, who believes that merely going through the motions in acting morally is rationally permissible. We also have to address the amoralist, who is not moved by moral reasons he recognizes. Superson argues for expanding the skeptic's position from self-interest to privilege to include morally unjustified behavior targeting disenfranchised social groups, as well as revising the traditional expected utility model to exclude desires deformed by patriarchy as irrational. Lastly she argues that the challenge can be answered if it can be shown that it is, in an important way, inconsistent and therefore irrational to privilege oneself over others. The Moral Skeptic makes an important contribution to both metaethics/moral theory and feminist philosophy, and brings feminist thinking into the larger discussion of the skeptical challenge.
| Author | : Jens David Ohlin |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
| Total Pages | : 305 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 0199987408 |
Why comply with international law when there is no world government to enforce it? Jens David Ohlin provides an alternate vision of international law based on a truly innovative theory of human rationality. Rationality requires that agents follow through on their plans even when faced with opportunities for defection.
| Author | : Sacha Golob |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 766 |
| Release | : 2017-12-31 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 1108215556 |
With fifty-four chapters charting the development of moral philosophy in the Western world, this volume examines the key thinkers and texts and their influence on the history of moral thought from the pre-Socratics to the present day. Topics including Epicureanism, humanism, Jewish and Arabic thought, perfectionism, pragmatism, idealism and intuitionism are all explored, as are figures including Aristotle, Boethius, Spinoza, Hobbes, Hume, Kant, Hegel, Mill, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Sartre and Rawls, as well as numerous key ideas and schools of thought. Chapters are written by leading experts in the field, drawing on the latest research to offer rigorous analysis of the canonical figures and movements of this branch of philosophy. The volume provides a comprehensive yet philosophically advanced resource for students and teachers alike as they approach, and refine their understanding of, the central issues in moral thought.
| Author | : Jed Rubenfeld |
| Publisher | : Yale University Press |
| Total Pages | : 269 |
| Release | : 2008-10-01 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 0300129424 |
Should we try to “live in the present”? Such is the imperative of modernity, Jed Rubenfeld writes in this important and original work of political theory. Since Jefferson proclaimed that “the earth belongs to the living”—since Freud announced that mental health requires people to “get free of their past”—since Nietzsche declared that the happy man is the man who “leaps” into “the moment—modernity has directed its inhabitants to live in the present, as if there alone could they find happiness, authenticity, and above all freedom. But this imperative, Rubenfeld argues, rests on a profoundly inadequate, deforming picture of the relationship between freedom and time. Instead, Rubenfeld suggests, human freedom—human being itself—-necessarily extends into both past and future; self-government consists of giving our lives meaning and purpose over time. From this conception of self-government, Rubenfeld derives a new theory of constitutional law’s place in democracy. Democracy, he writes, is not a matter of governance by the present “will of the people” it is a matter of a nation’s laying down and living up to enduring political and legal commitments. Constitutionalism is not counter to democracy, as many believe, or a pre-condition of democracy; it is or should be democracy itself--over time. On this basis, Rubenfeld offers a new understanding of constitutional interpretation and of the fundamental right of privacy.
| Author | : Vangelis Chiotis |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 144 |
| Release | : 2020-05-25 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 135116886X |
The links between self-interest and morality have been examined in moral philosophy since Plato. Economics is a mostly value-free discipline, having lost its original ethical dimension as described by Adam Smith. Examining moral philosophy through the framework provided by economics offers new insights into both disciplines and the discussion on the origins and nature of morality. The Morality of Economic Behaviour: Economics as Ethics argues that moral behaviour does not need to be exogenously encouraged or enforced because morality is a side effect of interactions between self-interested agents. The argument relies on two important parameters: behaviour in a social environment and the effects of intertemporal choice on rational behaviour. Considering social structures and repeated interactions on rational maximisation allows an argument for the morality of economic behaviour. Amoral agents interacting within society can reach moral outcomes. Thus, economics becomes a synthesis of moral and rational choice theory bypassing the problems of ethics in economic behaviour whilst promoting moral behaviour and ethical outcomes. This approach sheds new light on practical issues such as economic policy, business ethics and social responsibility. This book is of interest primarily to students of politics, economics and philosophy but will also appeal to anyone who is interested in morality and ethics, and their relationship with self-interest.
