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Rapport d'information sur la proposition de directive relative au secret d'affaires

Rapport d'information sur la proposition de directive relative au secret d'affaires
Author: Audrey Linkenheld
Publisher: Assemblée nationale
Total Pages: 34
Release: 2015-06-09
Genre: Political Science
ISBN:

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L’objet de cette communication est d’examiner la proposition de directive sur « la protection des savoir-faire et des informations commerciales non divulguées (secrets d’affaires) contre l’obtention, l’utilisation et la divulgation illicites ».La Rapporteure Audrey Linkenheld a entendu, en un mois et demi, dans un temps imparti court pour un sujet aussi transversal, une vingtaine d’intervenants : des avocats, des journalistes, des syndicats nationaux et européens, des représentants de la Commission européenne, des administrations et ministères français, des parlementaires européens et des experts, tant à Paris qu’à Bruxelles. Pour mémoire, il n’existe pas de définition légale du secret d’affaires en France. Par ailleurs, les pays européens qui en donnent une définition le font de manière différente et dans des textes épars. Chacun s’accorde ainsi à considérer que, contrairement aux droits de propriété intellectuelle classiques, le secret d’affaires n’ouvre pas de droits exclusifs à leur détenteur. Toute pratique conforme aux usages commerciaux honnêtes est licite, sans qu’il soit nécessaire d’acquitter une redevance au titulaire du secret d’affaires. Ses concurrents ou d’autres tiers peuvent découvrir le même secret de façon indépendante, le développer et l’utiliser librement. En revanche, son appropriation illicite pose problème et c’est sur ce point que porte la proposition de directive. Il convient de s’assurer, au-delà des avancées déjà obtenues par la France et par la mise en place de garde-fous supplémentaires, que la définition et la déclinaison du secret d’affaires ne puissent fragiliser le respect, dans tous les États membres, des droits fondamentaux à l’expression et à l’information, les droits des travailleurs, ainsi que les droits de propriété intellectuelle.C’est pourquoi il est utile et nécessaire que le Parlement français puisse affirmer une position claire dans la perspective du vote au Parlement européen et des négociations à venir. Pour ces raisons, la Rapporteure Audrey Linkenheld a soumis à la commission des Affaires européennes une proposition de résolution qui reprend les principaux points évoqués dans ce rapport.


Historical Review of Developments Relating to Aggression

Historical Review of Developments Relating to Aggression
Author: United Nations
Publisher: United Nations Publications
Total Pages: 460
Release: 2003
Genre: Law
ISBN:

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This report was prepared for the Working Group on the Crime of Aggression at the 8th session of Preparatory Commission, held in September-October 2001. The paper consists of four parts relating to: the Nuremberg tribunal; tribunals establish pursuant to Control Council Law number 10; the Tokyo tribunal; and the United Nations. Annexes contain tables regarding aggression by a State and individual responsibility for crimes against peace. The paper seeks to provide an objective, analytical overview of the history and major developments relating to aggression, both before and after the adoption of the UN Charter.


Advice And Support: The Early Years 1941-1960 [Illustrated Edition]

Advice And Support: The Early Years 1941-1960 [Illustrated Edition]
Author: Ronald H. Spector
Publisher: Pickle Partners Publishing
Total Pages: 812
Release: 2014-08-15
Genre: History
ISBN: 1782899065

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Includes over 75 maps, photos and plans. The present volume describes the activities of the U.S. Army in Vietnam during World War II, military advice and assistance to the French government during the immediate post-war years, and the advisory program that developed after the Geneva Agreements of 1954. Its scope ranges from high-level policy decisions to low-echelon advisory operations in the field, presented against a background of relevant military and political developments. The author enjoyed access to the official records of the period and examined personal papers, interviews, other documentary sources, and miscellaneous published materials. Useful not only as a study of military assistance but as a view of the Army as an agent of national policy, this volume is a fitting introduction to the overall study of the conflict in Vietnam.


Collective Management of Copyright and Related Rights

Collective Management of Copyright and Related Rights
Author: World Intellectual Property Organization
Publisher: WIPO
Total Pages: 252
Release: 2022-12-22
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9280534653

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This third edition of Collective Management of Copyright and Related Rights presents an in-depth revision with invaluable updates on the different systems, legislative options and best practices of CMOs worldwide. As with previous editions, the book is written to reach a wide audience, with a special focus on questions that might emerge for governments as they prepare, adopt and apply collective management norms and regulations. The edition also sheds light on new copyright and related rights developments, including digital, technological and business trends, from all over the world. Additionally, there is detailed discussion on topics such as aspects of competition, national treatment, and different models of collective management.


The Path of a Genocide

The Path of a Genocide
Author: Astri Suhrke
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 439
Release: 2017-07-05
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1351477676

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The Great Lakes region of Africa has seen dramatic changes. After a decade of war, repression, and genocide, loosely allied regimes have replaced old-style dictatorships. The Path of a Genocide examines the decade (1986-97) that brackets the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. This collection of essays is both a narrative of that event and a deep reexamination of the international role in addressing humanitarian issues and complex emergencies.Nineteen donor countries and seventeen multilateral organizations, international agencies, and international nongovernmental organizations pooled their efforts for an in-depth evaluation of the international response to the conflict in Rwanda. Original studies were commissioned from scholars from Uganda, Rwanda, Zaire, Ethiopia, Norway, Great Britain, France, Canada, and the United States. While each chapter in this volume focuses on one dimension of the Rwanda conflict, together they tell the story of this unfolding genocide and the world's response.The Path of a Genocide offers readers a perspective in sharp contrast to the tendency to treat a peace agreement as the end to conflict. This is a detailed effort to make sense of the political crisis and genocide in Rwanda and the effects it had on its neighbors.


Blinders, Blunders, and Wars

Blinders, Blunders, and Wars
Author: David C. Gompert
Publisher: Rand Corporation
Total Pages: 329
Release: 2014-11-26
Genre: History
ISBN: 0833087789

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The history of wars caused by misjudgments, from Napoleon’s invasion of Russia to America’s invasion of Iraq, reveals that leaders relied on cognitive models that were seriously at odds with objective reality. Blinders, Blunders, and Wars analyzes eight historical examples of strategic blunders regarding war and peace and four examples of decisions that turned out well, and then applies those lessons to the current Sino-American case.


Cost-Sensitive Machine Learning

Cost-Sensitive Machine Learning
Author: Balaji Krishnapuram
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 316
Release: 2011-12-19
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 143983928X

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In machine learning applications, practitioners must take into account the cost associated with the algorithm. These costs include: Cost of acquiring training dataCost of data annotation/labeling and cleaningComputational cost for model fitting, validation, and testingCost of collecting features/attributes for test dataCost of user feedback collect


Collection of Essays by Legal Advisers of States, Legal Advisers of International Organizations and Practitioners in the Field of International Law

Collection of Essays by Legal Advisers of States, Legal Advisers of International Organizations and Practitioners in the Field of International Law
Author: United Nations. Office of Legal Affairs
Publisher: United Nations Publications
Total Pages: 544
Release: 1999
Genre: Law
ISBN:

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The world has changed radically since 1989, when the General Assembly declared the period from 1990 to 1999 as the United Nations Decade of International Law. During that time, the international community claimed some major achievements as reflected by the adoption of conventions and treaties. This publication presents a collection of essays from legal advisers of States and international organizations, all of whom are among those committed to promoting respect for international law. Their contribution provides a practical perspective on international law, viewed from the standpoint of those involved in its formation, application and administration.


Getting Away with Torture

Getting Away with Torture
Author: Reed Brody
Publisher:
Total Pages: 102
Release: 2011-01-01
Genre: Abuse of administrative power
ISBN: 9781564327895

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Recommendations -- Background: official sanction for crimes against detainees -- Torture of detainees in US counterterrorism operations -- Individual criminal responsibility -- Appendix: foreign state proceedings regarding US detainee mistreatment -- Acknowledgments and methodology.


World Report 2017

World Report 2017
Author: Human Rights Watch
Publisher: Seven Stories Press
Total Pages: 948
Release: 2017-02-28
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1609807359

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The human rights records of more than ninety countries and territories are put into perspective in Human Rights Watch's signature yearly report. Reflecting extensive investigative work undertaken in 2016 by Human Rights Watch staff, in close partnership with domestic human rights activists, the annual World Report is an invaluable resource for journalists, diplomats, and citizens, and is a must-read for anyone interested in the fight to protect human rights in every corner of the globe.