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Algorithmic Randomness and Complexity

Algorithmic Randomness and Complexity
Author: Rodney G. Downey
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 883
Release: 2010-10-29
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0387684417

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Computability and complexity theory are two central areas of research in theoretical computer science. This book provides a systematic, technical development of "algorithmic randomness" and complexity for scientists from diverse fields.


Kolmogorov Complexity and Algorithmic Randomness

Kolmogorov Complexity and Algorithmic Randomness
Author: A. Shen
Publisher: American Mathematical Society
Total Pages: 511
Release: 2022-05-18
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1470470640

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Looking at a sequence of zeros and ones, we often feel that it is not random, that is, it is not plausible as an outcome of fair coin tossing. Why? The answer is provided by algorithmic information theory: because the sequence is compressible, that is, it has small complexity or, equivalently, can be produced by a short program. This idea, going back to Solomonoff, Kolmogorov, Chaitin, Levin, and others, is now the starting point of algorithmic information theory. The first part of this book is a textbook-style exposition of the basic notions of complexity and randomness; the second part covers some recent work done by participants of the “Kolmogorov seminar” in Moscow (started by Kolmogorov himself in the 1980s) and their colleagues. This book contains numerous exercises (embedded in the text) that will help readers to grasp the material.


Complexity and Randomness in Group Theory

Complexity and Randomness in Group Theory
Author: Frédérique Bassino
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 386
Release: 2020-06-08
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 3110667029

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This book shows new directions in group theory motivated by computer science. It reflects the transition from geometric group theory to group theory of the 21st century that has strong connections to computer science. Now that geometric group theory is drifting further and further away from group theory to geometry, it is natural to look for new tools and new directions in group theory which are present.


An Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications

An Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications
Author: Ming Li
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 655
Release: 2013-03-09
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1475726066

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Briefly, we review the basic elements of computability theory and prob ability theory that are required. Finally, in order to place the subject in the appropriate historical and conceptual context we trace the main roots of Kolmogorov complexity. This way the stage is set for Chapters 2 and 3, where we introduce the notion of optimal effective descriptions of objects. The length of such a description (or the number of bits of information in it) is its Kolmogorov complexity. We treat all aspects of the elementary mathematical theory of Kolmogorov complexity. This body of knowledge may be called algo rithmic complexity theory. The theory of Martin-Lof tests for random ness of finite objects and infinite sequences is inextricably intertwined with the theory of Kolmogorov complexity and is completely treated. We also investigate the statistical properties of finite strings with high Kolmogorov complexity. Both of these topics are eminently useful in the applications part of the book. We also investigate the recursion theoretic properties of Kolmogorov complexity (relations with Godel's incompleteness result), and the Kolmogorov complexity version of infor mation theory, which we may call "algorithmic information theory" or "absolute information theory. " The treatment of algorithmic probability theory in Chapter 4 presup poses Sections 1. 6, 1. 11. 2, and Chapter 3 (at least Sections 3. 1 through 3. 4).


Randomness and Complexity

Randomness and Complexity
Author: Cristian Calude
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 466
Release: 2007
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9812770828

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The book is a collection of papers written by a selection of eminent authors from around the world in honour of Gregory Chaitin's 60th birthday. This is a unique volume including technical contributions, philosophical papers and essays.


Bigger than Chaos

Bigger than Chaos
Author: Michael Strevens
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 430
Release: 2009-06-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0674044061

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Michael Strevens shows how simplicity can co-exist with the tangled interconnections within complex systems. By looking at the foundations of statistical reasoning about complex systems (gases, ecosystems and even social systems) he provides an understanding of how simplicity emerges from complexity.


Computational Complexity

Computational Complexity
Author: Sanjeev Arora
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 609
Release: 2009-04-20
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0521424267

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New and classical results in computational complexity, including interactive proofs, PCP, derandomization, and quantum computation. Ideal for graduate students.


The Discrepancy Method

The Discrepancy Method
Author: Bernard Chazelle
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 500
Release: 2000
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9780521003575

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The discrepancy method is the glue that binds randomness and complexity. It is the bridge between randomized computation and discrepancy theory, the area of mathematics concerned with irregularities in distributions. The discrepancy method has played a major role in complexity theory; in particular, it has caused a mini-revolution of sorts in computational geometry. This book tells the story of the discrepancy method in a few short independent vignettes. It is a varied tale which includes such topics as communication complexity, pseudo-randomness, rapidly mixing Markov chains, points on the sphere and modular forms, derandomization, convex hulls, Voronoi diagrams, linear programming and extensions, geometric sampling, VC-dimension theory, minimum spanning trees, linear circuit complexity, and multidimensional searching. The mathematical treatment is thorough and self-contained. In particular, background material in discrepancy theory is supplied as needed. Thus the book should appeal to students and researchers in computer science, operations research, pure and applied mathematics, and engineering.


Introductory Statistics and Random Phenomena

Introductory Statistics and Random Phenomena
Author: Manfred Denker
Publisher: Birkhäuser
Total Pages: 509
Release: 2017-09-16
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3319661523

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This textbook integrates traditional statistical data analysis with new computational experimentation capabilities and concepts of algorithmic complexity and chaotic behavior in nonlinear dynamic systems. This was the first advanced text/reference to bring together such a comprehensive variety of tools for the study of random phenomena occurring in engineering and the natural, life, and social sciences. The crucial computer experiments are conducted using the readily available computer program Mathematica® Uncertain Virtual WorldsTM software packages which optimize and facilitate the simulation environment. Brief tutorials are included that explain how to use the Mathematica® programs for effective simulation and computer experiments. Large and original real-life data sets are introduced and analyzed as a model for independent study. This is an excellent classroom tool and self-study guide. The material is presented in a clear and accessible style providing numerous exercises and bibliographical notes suggesting further reading. Topics and Features Comprehensive and integrated treatment of uncertainty arising in engineering and scientific phenomena – algorithmic complexity, statistical independence, and nonlinear chaotic behavior Extensive exercise sets, examples, and Mathematica® computer experiments that reinforce concepts and algorithmic methods Thorough presentation of methods of data compression and representation Algorithmic approach to model selection and design of experiments Large data sets and 13 Mathematica®-based Uncertain Virtual WorldsTM programs and code This text is an excellent resource for all applied statisticians, engineers, and scientists who need to use modern statistical analysis methods to investigate and model their data. The present, softcover reprint is designed to make this classic textbook available to a wider audience.


The Complexity Theory Companion

The Complexity Theory Companion
Author: Lane Hemaspaandra
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 396
Release: 2001-12-01
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9783540674191

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Here is an accessible, algorithmically oriented guide to some of the most interesting techniques of complexity theory. The book shows that simple algorithms are at the heart of complexity theory. The book is organized by technique rather than by topic. Each chapter focuses on one technique: what it is, and what results and applications it yields.