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Radical Protestantism in Spinoza's Thought

Radical Protestantism in Spinoza's Thought
Author: Graeme Hunter
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 179
Release: 2017-09-08
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 1351906917

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Spinoza is praised as a father of atheism, a precursor of the Enlightenment, an 'anti-theologian' and a father of political liberalism. When the religious dimension of Spinoza's thought cannot be ignored, it is usually dismissed as some form of mysticism or pantheism. This book explores the positive references to Christianity presented throughout Spinoza's works, focusing particularly on the Tractatus Theologico-politicus. Arguing that advocates of the anti-Christian or un-Christian Spinoza fail to look beyond Spinoza's ethics, which has the least to say about Christianity, Graeme Hunter offers a fresh interpretation of Spinoza's most important works and his philosophical and religious thought. While there is no evidence that Spinoza became a Christian in any formal sense, Hunter argues that his aim was neither to be heretical nor atheistic, but rather to effect a radical reform of Christianity and a return to simple Biblical practices. This book presents a unique contribution to current debate for students and specialist scholars in philosophy of religion, the history of philosophy and early modern history.


Spinoza's Ethic

Spinoza's Ethic
Author: Aldo Di Giovanni
Publisher:
Total Pages: 60
Release: 2016-12-11
Genre:
ISBN: 9781541042711

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Spinoza's close and intimate Christian friends thought that under Spinoza's guidance, they could fend off the superstitions of the established churches. ..".we may, under your guidance, uphold truth against those who are religious and Christian in a superstitious way, and may stand firm against the onslaught of the whole world. (EP8)" Not only does Spinoza's work belong to the 17th century radical protestant movement in Holland, as Graeme Hunter suggests in his book, Radical Protestantism in Spinoza's Thought, Spinoza is the most spiritually insightful and is at the extremes of that radicalism. A profound and singular voice, Spinoza accepts only the Truth and nothing less than the Truth. Spinoza's contributions to our enlightenment reveal and will yet reveal the 'ways of God' to people. Between the lines of Spinoza's Ethic lies a critical contribution to Christology, leading to a viable 21st century Christology. This booklet brings Spinoza's contribution forward in a suitably radical presentation.


Spinoza's Religion

Spinoza's Religion
Author: Clare Carlisle
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 288
Release: 2021-09-07
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 069122420X

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A bold reevaluation of Spinoza that reveals his powerful, inclusive vision of religion for the modern age Spinoza is widely regarded as either a God-forsaking atheist or a God-intoxicated pantheist, but Clare Carlisle says that he was neither. In Spinoza’s Religion, she sets out a bold interpretation of Spinoza through a lucid new reading of his masterpiece, the Ethics. Putting the question of religion centre-stage but refusing to convert Spinozism to Christianity, Carlisle reveals that “being in God” unites Spinoza’s metaphysics and ethics. Spinoza’s Religion unfolds a powerful, inclusive philosophical vision for the modern age—one that is grounded in a profound questioning of how to live a joyful, fully human life. Like Spinoza himself, the Ethics doesn’t fit into any ready-made religious category. But Carlisle shows how it wrestles with the question of religion in strikingly original ways, responding both critically and constructively to the diverse, broadly Christian context in which Spinoza lived and worked. Philosophy itself, as Spinoza practiced it, became a spiritual endeavor that expressed his devotion to a truthful, virtuous way of life. Offering startling new insights into Spinoza’s famously enigmatic ideas about eternal life and the intellectual love of God, Carlisle uncovers a Spinozist religion that integrates self-knowledge, desire, practice, and embodied ethical life to reach toward our “highest happiness”—to rest in God. Seen through Carlisle’s eyes, the Ethics prompts us to rethink not only Spinoza but also religion itself.


Spinoza's Christian Writings and Thinking

Spinoza's Christian Writings and Thinking
Author: Aldo Di Giovanni
Publisher:
Total Pages: 60
Release: 2017-12-28
Genre:
ISBN: 9781982058371

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The assembling and study of a Corpus of Spinoza's Christian writing and thinking produces a paradigmatic shift in understanding Spinoza's life's purpose, and the intended purpose of his life's work.Spinoza undertook to correct the degeneration of the "old Religion", which Spinoza identifies as the Christian religion taught through the stories of Christ written in scripture. Much more importantly Spinoza recognized that the old Religion is actually present in the very nature of people inscribed in them by the spirit of Christ. Using that illumination he provides both a critique the deterioration of the old Religion and more significantly a method or way to rejuvenate the practice of Christian religion. Consequently, he became a veritable, rejected and offensive anathema of a 'voice crying in the wilderness', in Europe's 17th and 18th century post-reformation landscape of both Christian and Jewish establishment churches. Of people identified as radical Protestants, Spinoza it seems was the most sophisticated and most radical. Many of the radical Protestant movements retained or developed practices that over time became acceptable to the mainstream churches. This has yet to happen to Spinoza's work as a Christian philosopher and theologian of the radical Christian kind.This booklet is an exegesis of some specific critical texts from Spinoza's works that reference: the spirit of Christ, Christ according to the spirit, the mind of Christ, Christ, and rebirth or second birth. The texts are quoted in the main body of the article. Comments and other references are footnoted. The booklet is meant for study more so than for reading, therefore a copy of the texts without the comment is included.


Augustine and Spinoza

Augustine and Spinoza
Author: Milad Doueihi
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 131
Release: 2010
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 0674050630

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Election and grace are two key concepts that not only have shaped the relations between Judaism and Christianity, but also have formed a cornerstone of the Western philosophical discourse on the evolution and progress of humanity. Though Augustine and Spinoza can be shown to share a methodological approach to these concepts, their conclusions remain radically different. For the Church Father Augustine, grace defines human nature by the potential availability of divine intervention, thus setting the stage for the institutional and political legitimacy of the Church, the Christian state, and its justice. For Spinoza, on the other hand, election represents a unique but local form of divine intervention, marked by geography and historical context. Milad Doueihi maps out the consequences of such an encounter between these two thinkers in terms of their philosophical heritage and its continued relevance for contemporary discussions of religious diversity and autonomy. Augustine asserts a theological foundation for the political, whereas Spinoza radically separates philosophy, and thus authority, from theology in order to solicit a political democracy. In this sharply argued and deeply learned book, Milad Doueihi shows us how interconnections between the two thinkers have come to shape Western philosophy.


Spinoza's Radical Cartesian Mind

Spinoza's Radical Cartesian Mind
Author: Tammy Nyden-Bullock
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Total Pages: 177
Release: 2010-07-15
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1441106596

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Seventeenth-century Holland was a culture divided. Orthodox Calvinists, loyal to both scholastic philosophy and the quasi-monarchical House of Orange, saw their world turned upside down with the sudden death of Prince William II and no heir to take his place. The Republicans seized this opportunity to create a decentralized government favourable to Holland's trading interests and committed to religious and philosophical tolerance. The now ruling regent class, freshly trained in the new philosophy of Descartes, used it as a weapon to fight against monarchical tendencies and theological orthodoxy. And so began a great pamphlet debate about Cartesianism and its political and religious consequences. This important new book begins by examining key Radical Cartesian pamphlets and Spinoza's role in a Radical Cartesian circle in Amsterdam, two topics rarely discussed in the English literature. Next, Nyden-Bullock examines Spinoza's political writings and argues that they should not be seen as political innovations so much as systemizations of the Radical Cartesian ideas already circulating in his time. The author goes on to reconstruct the development of Spinoza's thinking about the human mind, truth, error, and falsity and to explain how this development, particularly the innovation of parallelism - the lynchpin of his system - allowed Spinoza to provide philosophical foundations for Radical Cartesian political theory. She concludes that, contrary to general opinion, Spinoza's rejection of Cartesian epistemology involves much more than the metaphysical problems of dualism - it involves, ironically, Spinoza's attempt to make coherent a political theory bearing Descartes's name.


The Soul of Doubt

The Soul of Doubt
Author: Dominic Erdozain
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 337
Release: 2016
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0199844615

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It is widely assumed that science represents the enemy of religious faith. The Soul of Doubt proposes an alternative cause of unbelief: the Christian conscience. Dominic Erdozain argues that the real solvents of orthodoxy in the modern period have been concepts of moral equity and personal freedom generated by Christianity itself.


Jesus among the Jews

Jesus among the Jews
Author: Neta Stahl
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 376
Release: 2012-02-23
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 1136488723

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For almost two thousand years, various images of Jesus accompanied Jewish thought and imagination: a flesh-and-blood Jew, a demon, a spoiled student, an idol, a brother, a (failed) Messiah, a nationalist rebel, a Greek god in Jewish garb, and more. This volume charts for the first time the different ways that Jesus has been represented and understood in Jewish culture and thought. Chapters from many of the leading scholars in the field cover the topic from a variety of disciplinary perspectives - Talmud, Midrash, Rabbinics, Kabbalah, Jewish Magic, Messianism, Hagiography, Modern Jewish Literature, Thought, Philosophy, and Art – to address the ways in which representations of Jesus contribute to and change Jewish self-understanding throughout the last two millennia. Beginning with the question of how we know that Jesus was a Jew, the book then moves through meticulous analyses of Jewish and Christian scripture and literature to provide a rounded and comprehensive analysis of Jesus in Jewish Culture. This multidisciplinary study will be of great interest not only to students of Jewish history and philosophy, but also to scholars of religious studies, Christianity, intellectual history, literature and cultural studies.


Spinoza: Logic, Knowledge and Religion

Spinoza: Logic, Knowledge and Religion
Author: Richard Mason
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 325
Release: 2016-12-05
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1351898574

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Approaching the central themes of Spinoza's thought from both a historical and analytical perspective, this book examines the logical-metaphysical core of Spinoza's philosophy, its epistemology and its ramifications for his much disputed attitude towards religion. Opening with a discussion of Spinoza's historical and philosophical location as the appropriate context for the interpretation of his work the book goes on to present a non-'logical' reading of Spinoza's metaphysics, a consideration of Spinoza's radical repudiation of Cartesian subjectivism and an examination of how Spinoza wanted religion to be understood in the context of his wider thinking and the influence of his non-Christian background. Mason also assesses Spinoza's significance and importance for philosophy now.


Jesus in an Age of Enlightenment

Jesus in an Age of Enlightenment
Author: Jonathan C. P. Birch
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 493
Release: 2019-07-18
Genre: History
ISBN: 1137512768

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This book explores the religious concerns of Enlightenment thinkers from Thomas Hobbes to Thomas Jefferson. Using an innovative method, the study illuminates the intellectual history of the age through interpretations of Jesus between c.1650 and c.1826. The book demonstrates the persistence of theology in modern philosophy and the projects of social reform and amelioration associated with the Enlightenment. At the core of many of these projects was a robust moral-theological realism, sometimes manifest in a natural law ethic, but always associated with Jesus and a commitment to the sovereign goodness of God. This ethical orientation in Enlightenment discourse is found in a range of different metaphysical and political identities (dualist and monist; progressive and radical) which intersect with earlier ‘heretical’ tendencies in Christian thought (Arianism, Pelagianism, and Marcionism). This intellectual matrix helped to produce the discourses of irenic toleration which are a legacy of the Enlightenment at its best.