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Racial and Cultural Otherness: The Lived Experience of Americans of Korean Descent

Racial and Cultural Otherness: The Lived Experience of Americans of Korean Descent
Author: Angela Mullin-Jackson
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
Total Pages:
Release: 2010-07-08
Genre:
ISBN: 159942343X

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In the sociological literature, Otherness is conceptualized as a condition of difference that is imposed upon a group by another more powerful group. In this qualitative, phenomenological study, it was determined that Americans of Korean descent do, in fa


The Korean Americans

The Korean Americans
Author: Won Moo Hurh
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Total Pages: 208
Release: 1998-06-30
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 031339542X

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Korean Americans are one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in the United States. Although they share many similar cultural characteristics with other Asian Americans, the Korean Americans are unique in terms of their strong ethnic attachment, extensive participation in Christian churches, heavy involvement in self-employed small businesses, wide geographic dispersion in settlement, and the emergence of the 1.5 generation phenomenon. This book answers the following questions for the student or interested reader: • Who are the Korean people? • Why did they come to the United States? • How did they adapt to their new country? • How are they received by the majority of Americans? • What are their accomplishments, problems, and contributions to American society? Other special features include: • An extensive coverage on the ethnic background (history, language, religion, customs, and other cultural heritage) of Korean Americans. • Current statistical data on Korean immigration to the United States. • A comprehensive analysis of socioeconomic characteristics of Korean Americans as compared with those of other minority groups. • A succinct analysis of the unique characteristics of Korean Americans. • Effective use of personal narratives. In 1970 there were about 70,000 Korean Americans—the number grew tenfold to about 790,000 in 1990. The Korean American population is now estimated at well over a million, and demographic projections indicate that the number will reach about three million by the year 2030. Korean Americans are thus among the new groups of Americans to become another integral part of the American history of cultural pluralism and ethnic diversity. Examined are the most significant areas of Korean American's adaptation—economic adjustment, sociocultural adaptation, family life, ethnic associations, intergroup relations, and psychological adjustment. In each area of adaptation, positive attainment as well as the problems of adjustment are analyzed in light of current theories and empirical research. The book concludes with a discussion of the unique characteristics of Korean Americans and their impact on society.


Be(com)ing Korean in the United States

Be(com)ing Korean in the United States
Author: S. Sonya Gwak
Publisher:
Total Pages: 386
Release: 2008
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN:

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Koreans have been immigrating to the United States via Hawaii for over a hundred years, although the greatest influx to the mainland began after 1965, making Koreans one of the most recent ethnic groups in the United States. The intimate socio-political links between the United States and the Korean peninsula after World War II also contributes to the ideas and ideals of what it means to be Korean in the United States. As with many people with immigrant background, young people of Korean descent residing in the United States try to understand their ethnic identities through their families, peers, and communities, and many of these journeys involve participating in cultural activities that include traditional dance, song, and other such performance activities. This study is the culmination of a four-year ethnographic research project on the cultural practices of a group of Koreans in the United States pursuing the traditional Korean cultural art form of pungmul in exploring their ethnic identities. Through the accesses and opportunities afforded to the members of Mae-ari Korean Cultural Troupe by the national and transnational networks with other people of Korean descent, these young people begin to understand themselves as "Korean" while teaching and learning traditional Korean cultural practices in performances, workshops, and everyday interactions with each other. Most studies about Asian Americans focus on the immigration challenges, or the conflicts and differences between generations. While these are important issues that affect the lives of Asian Americans, it is also valuable to focus on how new cultural identities are formed in the attempt to hold on to the traditions of the immigrant homeland . This research pays close attention to how young people understand their identities through cultural practices, regardless of generational differences. The focus is on collective meaning-making about ethnic identity across immigration statuses and generations. In investigating their ways of being, author Sonya Gwak pays close attention to the semiotic processes within the group that aid in creating and cultivating notions of ethnic identity, especially in the ways in which the notion of culture becomes indelibly linked with "things" within and across the sites. Dr. Gwak also explores the pedagogical processes within the group regarding how cultures are objectified and transformed into tools of teaching and learning. Finally, the study also reveals how people understand their ethnic identities through direct and active engagement with, experience of, and expression of "cultural objects." By looking at the multiple forms of expressing ethnic identity, this study shows how the young people in Mae-ari locate themselves within the time and space of Korean history, Korean American history, activism, performing arts, and tradition. This study argues that ethnic identity formation is a process that is rooted in cultural practices contextualized in social, political, and cultural histories. This book advances the field of ethnic and immigrant studies by offering a new framework for understanding the multiple ways in which young people make sense of their identities. Be(com)ing Korean in the United States is an important book for all collections in Asian American studies, as well as ethnic and immigrant studies.


The Role of Contextual Influences on Ethnic Identity Formation

The Role of Contextual Influences on Ethnic Identity Formation
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2013
Genre:
ISBN:

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This exploratory study focuses on the adult children of Korean immigrants who arrived in the United States before the landmark Immigration Act of 1965. This particular cohort of second generation Korean Americans experienced an issue of authenticity as racial foreigners in an America that was predominantly White and later as cultural foreigners in a rapidly developing Korean community. Authenticity is constructed within particular contexts and the issue revolved around acceptance and the participants' self-conception because of how they were treated by others. Face to face interviews probed two research questions: 1) how do various contexts (social, historical, cultural, and the context of reception) influence ethnic identity formation and 2) how does age influence ethnic identity formation? Findings shed light on the factors that have contributed to the issue of authenticity for this cohort by illustrating how the various contexts positioned participants to encounter degrees of exclusion from the two primary cultures of their life. First, because participants were born during the Asian Exclusion Act, assimilation to the dominant White culture was the expected norm. However, full assimilation did not equal full acceptance as an American. Many in the White community continued to perceive them as racial foreigners because of their Asian physical features. On the other hand, full assimilation to American culture created social barriers to entry into the Korean immigrant community. Particularly because of the lack of heritage language skills, participants were perceived as cultural foreigners. However, between the two experiences, being a racial foreigner was easier to deal with because historically, Americans have "globally" been recognized as White. Authenticity was more of an issue because exclusion by the Korean community was confusing since participants perceived themselves to be ethnically Korean. Ultimately, participants were not socially isolated because of their familiarity to navigate within the White communities or they found alternate communities within the Asian American communities to associate with. As midlife adults, the cumulative experiences of these Korean American Baby Boomers resulted in a renewed appreciation of who they are as Koreans and many had developed multiple facets of self-identification as Korean, Korean American, Asian American, and American.


Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life

Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 753
Release: 2004-10-16
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0309092116

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In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good-or equally poor-health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life.


Koreans in North America

Koreans in North America
Author: Pyong Gap Min
Publisher: Lexington Books
Total Pages: 274
Release: 2012-12-08
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0739178148

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This is the only anthology that covers several different topics related to Koreans’ experiences in the U.S. and Canada. The topics covered are Koreans’ immigration and settlement patterns, changes in Korean immigrants’ business patterns, Korean immigrant churches’ social functions, differences between Korean immigrant intact families and geese families, transnational ties, second-generation Koreans’ identity issues, and Korean international students’ gender issues. This book focuses on Korean Americans’ twenty-first century experiences. It provides basic statistics about Koreans’ immigration, settlement and business patterns, while it also provides meaningful qualitative data on gender issues and ethnic identity. The annotated bibliography on Korean Americans in Chapter 10 will serve as important guides for beginning researchers studying Korean Americans.


Communicating Ethnic and Cultural Identity

Communicating Ethnic and Cultural Identity
Author: Mary Fong
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Total Pages: 424
Release: 2004
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 9780742517394

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This intercultural communication text reader brings together the many dimensions of ethnic and cultural identity and shows how they are communicated in everyday life. Introducing and applying key concepts, theories, and approaches--from empirical to ethnographic--a wide variety of essays look at the experiences of African Americans, Asians, Asian Americans, Latino/as, and Native Americans, as well as many cultural groups. The authors also explore issues such as gender, race, class, spirituality, alternative lifestyles, and inter- and intra-ethnic identity. Sites of analysis range from movies and photo albums to beauty salons and Deadhead concerts. Visit our website for sample chapters!


Preaching to Second Generation Korean Americans

Preaching to Second Generation Korean Americans
Author: Matthew D. Kim
Publisher: Peter Lang
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2007
Genre: Foreign Language Study
ISBN: 9781433100048

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This in-depth study on preaching to second generation Korean Americans, the first of its kind, is based on empirical and ethnographic fieldwork. Matthew D. Kim conducted surveys and semi-structured qualitative interviews with Korean American pastors and second generation young adult respondents in three geographic regions of the United States: the Midwest, the West Coast, and the East Coast. His primary conceptual framework employs social psychologists Hazel Markus and Paula Nurius' theory of possible selves to facilitate the process of congregational exegesis in the second generation Korean American church context. This book offers a new contextual homiletic model that enables Korean American preachers to engage in deeper levels of ethnic and cultural analysis in their sermonic preparation. Simultaneously, the author reconstructs conventional preaching roles of Korean American preachers and second generation listeners so that they may co-creatively imagine new possible selves that radically advance Christian mission and practice in the world. This book will serve as a primary or secondary source for upper-level undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate courses on preaching, communication studies, ethnic and racial studies, cross-cultural ministry, or social psychology.


Racial Conflict and Healing

Racial Conflict and Healing
Author: Andrew Sung Park
Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers
Total Pages: 209
Release: 2009-12-01
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 1608990494

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A Korean theologian approaches the issue of racial conflict-including discrimination between minority communities-and constructs a theology of seeing that aims to heal the ruptures of racism. As ethnic tensions continue to simmer and occasionally erupt, immigration and affirmative action laws are hotly debated in every ethnic minority: African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans-even Asian Americans (the so-called model minority) struggle in the racially-charged atmosphere of contemporary America. In the aftermath of the Los Angeles riots of 1992 and the ensuing violence against Korean Americans, Andrew Sung Park seeks a theological model that will help transform a society of oppression, injustice, and violence into a community of equity, fairness, and mutual consideration. Park emphasizes that such a transformation does not and cannot begin only with good intentions, but must be grounded in an understanding of all the socio-economic and cultural issues that lead to oppression and tension. Using the Korean term han to describe the deep-seated suffering of racial oppression, he then suggests resources for understanding and healing in both Christian and Asian traditions. Part I of Racial Conflict and Healing describes the status quo from a Korean American perspective, including discrimination against ethnic minorities and the discrimination they inflict on one another. In Parts II and III, Park suggests that American society as a whole needs a superordinate vision to form a unified community. Park argues that our profoundly individualistic society must learn to understand an idea of self that is formed through relationship with others. Finally, in Part IV, he presents a theological model, a theology of seeing, as a way to genuinely understand the other and to promote healing within our society.


Mediating the South Korean Other

Mediating the South Korean Other
Author: David C. Oh
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
Total Pages: 255
Release: 2022-07-18
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0472220373

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Multiculturalism in Korea formed in the context of its neoliberal, global aspirations, its postcolonial legacy with Japan, and its subordinated neocolonial relationship with the United States. The Korean ethnoscape and mediascape produce a complex understanding of difference that cannot be easily reduced to racism or ethnocentrism. Indeed the Korean word, injongchabyeol, often translated as racism, refers to discrimination based on any kind of “human category.” Explaining Korea’s relationship to difference and its practices of othering, including in media culture, requires new language and nuance in English-language scholarship. This collection brings together leading and emerging scholars of multiculturalism in Korean media culture to examine mediated constructions of the “other,” taking into account the nation’s postcolonial and neocolonial relationships and its mediated construction of self. “Anthrocategorism,” a more nuanced translation of injongchabyeol, is proffered as a new framework for understanding difference in ways that are locally meaningful in a society and media system in which racial or even ethnic differences are not the most salient. The collection points to the construction of racial others that elevates, tolerates, and incorporates difference; the construction of valued and devalued ethnic others; and the ambivalent construction of co-ethnic others as sympathetic victims or marginalized threats.