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Quantitative and Ecological Aspects of Plant Breeding

Quantitative and Ecological Aspects of Plant Breeding
Author: J. Hill
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 286
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9401158304

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Latest figures suggest that approximately 20% of the world's population of six billion is malnourished because of food shortages and inadequate distrib ution systems. To make matters worse, it is estimated that some 75 billion metric tons of soil are removed annually from the land by wind and soil ero sion, much of it from agricultural land, which is thereby rendered unsuitable for agricultural purposes. Moreover, out of a total land area under cultivation 9 6 of approximately 1. 5 x 10 ha, some 12 x 10 ha of arable land are destroyed and abandoned worldwide each year because of unsustainable agricultural practices. Add to this the fact that the world population is increasing at the rate of a quarter of a million per day, and the enormity of the task ahead becomes apparent. To quote the eminent wheat breeder E. R. Sears, It seems clear that plant geneticists can look forward to an expanded role in the 21st century, particularly in relation to plant improvement. The suc cess of these efforts may go a long way towards determining whether the world's increasing billions of humans will be adequately fed. Food for an ever-increasing population will have to be produced not only from an ever-diminishing, but from what will become an ever-deteriorating land resource unless justifiable environmental concerns are taken into account.


Quantitative and Ecological Aspects of Plant Breeding

Quantitative and Ecological Aspects of Plant Breeding
Author: J. Hill
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 275
Release: 2011-09-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9789401158312

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Latest figures suggest that approximately 20% of the world's population of six billion is malnourished because of food shortages and inadequate distrib ution systems. To make matters worse, it is estimated that some 75 billion metric tons of soil are removed annually from the land by wind and soil ero sion, much of it from agricultural land, which is thereby rendered unsuitable for agricultural purposes. Moreover, out of a total land area under cultivation 9 6 of approximately 1. 5 x 10 ha, some 12 x 10 ha of arable land are destroyed and abandoned worldwide each year because of unsustainable agricultural practices. Add to this the fact that the world population is increasing at the rate of a quarter of a million per day, and the enormity of the task ahead becomes apparent. To quote the eminent wheat breeder E. R. Sears, It seems clear that plant geneticists can look forward to an expanded role in the 21st century, particularly in relation to plant improvement. The suc cess of these efforts may go a long way towards determining whether the world's increasing billions of humans will be adequately fed. Food for an ever-increasing population will have to be produced not only from an ever-diminishing, but from what will become an ever-deteriorating land resource unless justifiable environmental concerns are taken into account.


Adaptation in Plant Breeding

Adaptation in Plant Breeding
Author: P.M.A Tigerstedt
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 299
Release: 2013-03-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9401588066

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Plant adaptation is a fundamental process in plant breeding. It was the first criterion in the initial domestication of plants thousands of years ago. Adaptedness is generally a quantitative complex feature of the plant, involving many traits, many of which are quantitative. Adaptation to stresses like cold, drought or diseases are among the most central problems in a world grappling with global food security. Modern plant breeding, based on mendelian genetics, has made plant improvement more effective and more precise and selective. Molecular genetics and genetic engineering has considerably increased this selectivity down to single genes affecting single traits. The time has come when plant breeding efficiency may cause loss of genetic resources and adaptation. In these proceedings an effort is made to merge modern plant breeding efficiency with ecological aspects of plant breeding, reflected in adaptation. It is hoped that this merger results in more sustainable use of genetic resources and physical environments. The book is based on 10 keynotes addressing a wide spectrum of themes related to adaptation. In addition each subject is further elaborated in up to three case studies on particular plant species or groups of plants. The keynotes do in fact overlap to some degree and there are articles in this volume that seemingly contradict each other, a common aspect in advanced fields of research. The keen reader may conclude that, in a world where climates and environments are under continuous change and where human society is more and more polarized into a developed and a developing part, adaptation of our cultivated plants has different constraints on yields depending on ecology, and indeed economy.


Temperate Crop Science and Breeding

Temperate Crop Science and Breeding
Author: Sarra Abramovna Bekuzarova
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 610
Release: 2016-03-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1771882298

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This new collection covers a wide variety of research on the ecological aspects of crops growing under stress conditions due to atmospheric changes and pollution and the impact on both plant and human health. The book provides research that will help to find ways to overcome adverse abiotic environmental factors and unfavorable anthropogenic pressures on crop plants, which also eventually impact human health. Divided into six parts, leading authors from many institutes provide and share new knowledge gained from studies on ecological and genetic controls of plant resistance to various adverse environmental factors. Geneticists and breeders are creating new cultivars and hybrids of crops, which greatly expand the range of source material. The book includes a range of material on the biology, genetics, and breeding of crops, taking into account ecological and climatic conditions, with emphasis on the impact to humans. The main agricultural crops are studied: cereals, fodder crops, and horticultural plants. The chapters include the interaction of plant–soil–environment, ways of using plants as anticancer drugs, and other important problems and trends in agricultural and nature management. The role of different genetic and agronomical approaches to improving plant productivity and seasonal and profile dynamics of elements of soil acidity are considered. With the increasing demand and consumption of vegetables and fruits (by themselves or as additions to other foods), new agricultural methods are needed to overcome the deficit, and these new methods pose new concerns. The book includes: Plant breeding under adverse conditions of acid soils New studies in horticultural crop science Ecological peculiarities of particular regions and cytogenetic anomalies of the local human population Phenogenetic studies of cultivated plants and biological properties of the seeds Anthropogenic pressure on environmental and plant diversity Methods of evaluation of the quantitative and qualitative characters of selection samples The research found here will be valuable to agricultural engineers and others and is applicable at both regional and international levels.


Introduction to Plant Breeding

Introduction to Plant Breeding
Author: Fred N. Briggs
Publisher:
Total Pages: 456
Release: 1967
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN:

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Perspectives in plant breeding. The evolution of cultivated plants. Plant introductions. Mode of reproduction in relation to plant-breeding methods. Variability in plants. Genes and qualitative characters. Genes and qualitative characters. Quantitative inheritance. Role of the environment in plant breeding. Selection in self-pollinated crops. Hybridization and gene combinations. Breeding self-pollinated crops by hybridization and pedigree selection. Bulk population method of breeding self-pollinated plants. The backcross method of breeding. Cross-pollinated crops. Control of cross-pollination. Selection in cross-pollinated crops. Inbreeding and heterosis. Hybrid varieties. Recurrent selection. Synthetic varieties. Autoploidy in plant breeding. Alloploidy.Aneuploids. Mutagens and crop improvement. Interspecific hybridization. Interspecific transfer of characters. Genetics of resistance to diseases and insects. Breeding for resistance to diseases and insects. Maintenance and distribution of varieties. Field-plot technique and experimental design.


Plant Breeding

Plant Breeding
Author: Darbeshwar Roy
Publisher: Alpha Science Int'l Ltd.
Total Pages: 734
Release: 2000
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 9781842650066

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This book describes the experimental and analytical methodologies available for the genetical analysis of qualitative, quasi-quantitative and quantitative traits and its applications in practical plant breeding and evolution. Models for studying quantitative genetic variation following Birmingham and Edinburgh notations are described. The statistics used is simple and systematic so that the reader will have no difficulty in solving problems in plant genetics. It describes the genetic principles and provides breeding procedures underlying various breeding methods for manipulating qualitative, quasi-quantitative and quantitative traits. It takes into account the latest developments in breeding methodologies including dihaiploidy and apomixis, applications of tissue culture for plant breeding use, genetic engineering for production of transgenics and hybrids, and molecular marker technologies in the analysis of quantitative trait loci, marker assisted selection, evolution and conservation of genetic resources. This book will be useful for undergraduates, postgraduates, teachers and researchers working in the field of genetics and plant breeding.


An Introduction to Plant Breeding

An Introduction to Plant Breeding
Author: Jack Brown
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 314
Release: 2011-08-26
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1444357700

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Plants have been successfully selectively bred for thousands of years, culminating in incredible yields, quality, resistance and so on that we see in our modern day crops and ornamental plants. In recent years the techniques used have been rapidly advanced and refined to include molecular, cell and genetic techniques. An Introduction to Plant Breeding provides comprehensive coverage of the whole area of plant breeding. Covering modes of reproduction in plants, breeding objectives and schemes, genetics, predictions, selection, alternative techniques and practical considerations. Each chapter is carefully laid out in a student friendly way and includes questions for the reader. The book is essential reading for all those studying, teaching and researching plant breeding.


Statistical Methods for Plant Variety Evaluation

Statistical Methods for Plant Variety Evaluation
Author: R.A. Kempton
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 203
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9400915039

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The International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), established in 1962, is an intergovernmental organization of four teen countries: Albania, Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Malta, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey and Yugoslavia. Four institutes (Bari, Italy; Chania, Greece; Montpellier, France and Zaragoza, Spain) provide post-graduate education at the Master of Science level. CIHEAM promotes research networks on Mediterranean agricultural priorities, supports the organization of specialized education in member countries, holds seminars and workshops bringing together technologists and scientists involved in Mediterranean agriculture and regularly produces diverse publications including the series 'Options Mediterraneennes'. Through these activities, CIHEAM promotes North/South dialogue and international co-operation for agricultural development in the Mediterranean region. Plant breeding is, since 1982, one of the fields in which CIHEAM is con ducting a programme of training and promotion of research, through its Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Zaragoza. The programme includes a one-year advanced specialization course, a series of two-week courses for professionals, and support for collaborative research activities in Mediterranean-relevant species. Many of these activities are organized in col laboration with national and international institutions. The publication in 1993 of Plant Breeding. Principles and Prospects, which ini tiated the Chapman & Hall's Plant Breeding Series, has become an important feature of CIHEAM's plant breeding programme. We are now pleased to add a further volume to that series: the present book, Statistical Methods for Plant Variety Evaluation.


Plant Breeding

Plant Breeding
Author: H.K. Jain
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 813
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9400710402

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The Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding was established in 1941 in recognition of the growing contribution of improved crop varieties to the country's agriculture. Scientific plant breeding had started inIndia soon after the rediscovery of Mendel's laws of heredity. The Indian Agricultural Research Institute set up in 1905 and a number of Agricultural Colleges in different parts of the country carried out some of the earliest work mostly inthe form of pure-line selections. In subsequent years, hybridization programmes in crops like wheat, rice, oilseeds, grain legumes, sugarcane and cotton yielded a large number of improved cultivars with significantly higher yields. A turning point came in the 1960s with the development of hybrids in several crops including inter-specific hybrids in cotton. And when new germplasm with dwarfing genes became available in wheat and rice from CIMMYT and IRRI, respectively,Indian plant breeders quickly incorporated these genes into the genetic background of the country's widely grown varieties with excellent grain quality and other desirable traits. This was to mark the beginning of modem agriculture in India as more and more varieties were developed, characterized by a high harvest index and response to modem farm inputs like the inorganic fertilizers . India's green revolution which has led to major surpluses offood grains and othercommodities like sugar and cotton has been made possible by the work of one of the largest groups of plant breeders working in a coordinated network.


Principles of Plant Breeding

Principles of Plant Breeding
Author: Robert W. Allard
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 274
Release: 1999-05-10
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9780471023098

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Die Pflanzenzucht enthält Elemente individueller und kultureller Selektion - ein Prozeß, den die langerwartete zweite Auflage hinsichtlich sowohl einzelner Pflanzen als auch kompletter Populationen unter die Lupe nimmt. Im Zuge der Aktualisierung des Stoffes wurden neue Themen aufgenommen: moderne Gewebekulturtechniken, molekularbiologische Verfahren, Aspekte der Wechselwirkung zwischen natürlicher und menschlicher Selektion und zwischen Genotyp und Umwelt sowie eine Reihe von Techniken zur Ertragssteigerung in ungünstigen Anbaugebieten. (05/99)