Pulsed Combustion Process For Black Liquor Gasification PDF Download
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| Total Pages | : 156 |
| Release | : 1991 |
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Download Pulsed Combustion Process for Black Liquor Gasification Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The objective of this project is to test an energy efficient, innovative black liquor recovery system on an industrial scale. In the MTCI recovery process, black liquor is sprayed directly onto a bed of sodium carbonate solids which is fluidized by steam. Direct contact of the black liquor with hot bed solids promotes high rates of heating and pyrolysis. Residual carbon, which forms as a deposit on the particle surface, is then gasified by reaction with steam. Heat is supplied from pulse combustor resonance tubes which are immersed within the fluid bed. A portion of the gasifier product gas is returned to the pulse combustors to provide the energy requirements of the reactor. Oxidized sulfur species are partially reduced by reaction with the gasifier products, principally carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The reduced sulfur decomposed to solid sodium carbonate and gaseous hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Sodium values are recovered by discharging a dry sodium carbonate product from the gasifier. MTCI's indirectly heated gasification technology for black liquor recovery also relies on the scrubbing of H2S for product gases to regenerate green liquor for reuse in the mill circuit. Due to concerns relative to the efficiency of sulfur recovery in the MTCI integrated process, an experimental investigation was undertaken to establish performance and design data for this portion of the system.
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| Total Pages | : 108 |
| Release | : 1993 |
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Download Pulsed Combustion Process for Black Liquor Gasification. Second Annual Report, [November 1990--February 1992]. Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This second annual report summarizes the work accomplished during the period November 1990 through February 1992 for DOE Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC05-90CE40893. The overall project objective is to field test an energy-efficient, innovative black liquor recovery system at a significant industrial scale. This is intended to demonstrate the maturity of the technology in an industrial environment and serve as an example to the industry of the safer and more energy-efficient processing technique. The project structure is comprised of three primary activities: process characterization testing, scale-up hardware development, and field testing. The objective of the process characterization testing was to resolve key technical issues regarding the black liquor recovery process that were identified during earlier laboratory verification tests. This was intended to provide a sound engineering data base for the design, construction and testing of a nominal 1.0 TPH integrated black liquor recovery gasifier. The objective of the scale-up hardware development effort was to ensure that key hardware components, in particular the pulse heater module, would perform reliably and safely in the field. Finally, the objective of the field test is to develop an industrial data base sufficient to demonstrate the capabilities and performance of the operating system with respect to thermal efficiency, product quality, fuel handling, system control, reliability and cost. These tests are to provide long-term and continuous operating data at a capacity unattainable in the bench-scale apparatus.
| Author | : M. N. Mansour |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 1993 |
| Genre | : Sulfate waste liquor |
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Download Pulsed Combustion Process for Black Liquor Gasification Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : K. Durai-Swamy |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 1991 |
| Genre | : Sulfate waste liquor |
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Download Pulsed Combustion Process for Black Liquor Gasification Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : |
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| Total Pages | : 51 |
| Release | : 1998 |
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Download Effect of Pulsation on Black Liquor Gasification. Final Report Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Pyrolysis is an endothermic process. The heat of reaction is provided either by partial combustion of the waste or by heat transfer from an external combustion process. In one proposed system black liquor is pyrolized in a fluidized bed to which heat is added through a series of pulse combustor tail pipes submerged in the bed material. This system appears promising because of the relatively high heat transfer in pulse combustors and in fluidized beds. Other advantages of pulse combustors are discussed elsewhere. The process is, however, only economically viable if a part of the pyrolysis products can be used to fire the pulse combustors. The overall goals of this study were to determine: (1) which is the limiting heat transfer rate in the process of transferring heat from the hot combustion products to the pipe, through the pipe, from the tail pipe to the bed and through the bed; i.e., whether increased heat transfer within the pulse combustor will significantly increase the overall heat transfer rate; (2) whether the heat transfer benefits of the pulse combustor can be utilized while maintaining the temperature in the bed within the narrow temperature range required by the process without generating hot spots in the bed; and (3) whether the fuel gas produced during the gasification process can be used to efficiently fire the pulse combustor.
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| Total Pages | : 3 |
| Release | : 1995 |
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Download Effect of Pulsations on Black Liquor Gasification. Progress Report, July--September 1995 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The objective of this study is to investigate the use of pulse combustion to provide the energy required for the endothermic gasification of black liquor in a fluidized bed. In this process it is critical that the temperature remain in the small window above the gasification temperature but below the smelting temperature of the inorganic salts in the black liquor. Pulse combustors have been shown to have high heat transfer rates between the hot combustion products and the combustor tailpipe. Similarly, fluidized beds have high heat transfer rates within the bed itself, promoting temperature uniformity throughout. Typical analysis of the gasified black liquor shows there is a large percentage of combustible gases in the products of the gasification process (approximately 70%). The potential exists, therefore, for using this fuel mixture to fire the pulse combustor. This makes the entire process more efficient and may be necessary to make it economically feasible. The overall goals of this study are to determine (1) which is the limiting heat transfer rate in the process of transferring the heat from the hot combustion products to the pipe, through the pipe, from the tailpipe to the bed and then throughout the bed; i.e., whether increased heat transfer within the pulse combustor will significantly increase the overall heat transfer rate; (2) whether the temperature distribution in the bed can be maintained within the narrow temperature range required by the process without generating hot spots in the bed even if the heat transfer from the pulse combustor is significantly increased; and (3) whether the fuel gas produced during the gasification process can be used to efficiently fire the pulse combustor.
| Author | : Pratima Bajpai |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 103 |
| Release | : 2014-03-06 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0081000154 |
Download Black Liquor Gasification Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Black Liquor Gasification (BLG) is a first of its kind to guide chemical engineers, students, operators of paper plants, technocrats, and entrepreneurs on practical guidelines and a holistic techno-enviro-economic perspective applicable to their future or existing projects based on the treatment of black liquor for energy production. BLG describes the gasification process as a more efficient alternative to current processes for the conversion of black liquor biomass into energy. BLG operates largely in sync with other methods to improve pulp-making efficiency. This book explains how BLG offers a way to generate electricity and to reclaim pulping chemicals from black liquor, and why BLG would replace the Tomlinson recovery boiler for the recovery of spent chemicals and energy. Describes the utilization of black liquor as a source of energy Provides a detailed account of black liquor gasification processes for the production of energy and chemicals from black liquor Provides guidelines to chemical engineers for the treatment of black liquor
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 240 |
| Release | : 2001-12-12 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309074487 |
Download Energy Research at DOE Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In legislation appropriating funds for DOE's fiscal year (FY) 2000 energy R&D budget, the House Interior Appropriations Subcommittee directed an evaluation of the benefits that have accrued to the nation from the R&D conducted since 1978 in DOE's energy efficiency and fossil energy programs. In response to the congressional charge, the National Research Council formed the Committee on Benefits of DOE R&D on Energy Efficiency and Fossil Energy. From its inception, DOE's energy R&D program has been the subject of many outside evaluations. The present evaluation asks whether the benefits of the program have justified the considerable expenditure of public funds since DOE's formation in 1977, and, unlike earlier evaluations, it takes a comprehensive look at the actual outcomes of DOE's research over two decades.
| Author | : Pratima Bajpai |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 114 |
| Release | : 2013-02-03 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0124095305 |
Download Biorefinery in the Pulp and Paper Industry Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The traditional pulp and paper producers are facing new competitors in tropical and subtropical regions who use the latest and largest installed technologies, and also have wood and labor cost advantages. Due to the increasing global competition, the forest products prices will continue to decrease. To remain viable, the traditional producers need to increase revenue by producing bioenergy and biomaterials in addition to wood, pulp, and paper products. In this so-called Integrated Products Biorefinery, all product lines are highly integrated and energy efficient. Integrated Products Biorefineries present the forest products industry with a unique opportunity to increase revenues and improve environmental sustainability. Integrated Products Biorefinery technologies will allow industry to manufacture high-value chemicals, fuels, and/or electric power while continuing to produce traditional wood, pulp, and paper products. The industry already controls much of the raw material and infrastructure necessary to create Integrated Products Biorefineries, and Agenda 2020 partnerships are speeding development of the key enabling technologies. Once fully developed and commercialized, these technologies will produce enormous energy and environmental benefits for the industry and the nation. Biorefinery in the Pulp and Paper Industry presents the biorefining concept, the opportunities for the pulp and paper industry, and describes and discusses emerging biorefinery process options. This book also highlights the environmental impact and the complex and ambiguous decision-making challenges that mills will face when considering implementing the biorefinery. Provides up-to-date and authoritative information, citing pertinent research, on this timely and important topic Covers in great depth the biorefining concept, opportunities for the pulp and paper industry, and emerging biorefinery process options Highlights the environmental impact and the complex and ambiguous decision-making challenges that mills will face when considering implementing the biorefinery
| Author | : Pratima Bajpai |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 350 |
| Release | : 2011-03-21 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1118074327 |
Download Environmentally Friendly Production of Pulp and Paper Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Implementing Cleaner Production in the pulp and paper industry The large—and still growing—pulp and paper industry is a capital- and resource-intensive industry that contributes to many environmental problems, including global warming, human toxicity, ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation, acidification, nutrification, and solid wastes. This important reference for professionals in the pulp and paper industry details how to improve manufacturing processes that not only cut down on the emission of pollutants but also increase productivity and decrease costs. Environmentally Friendly Production of Pulp and Paper guides professionals in the pulp and paper industry to implement the internationally recognized process of Cleaner Production (CP). It provides updated information on CP measures in: Raw material storage and preparation Pulping processes (Kraft, Sulphite, and Mechanical) Bleaching, recovery, and papermaking Emission treatment and recycled fiber processing In addition, the book includes a discussion on recent cleaner technologies and their implementation status and benefits in the pulp and paper industry. Covering every aspect of pulping and papermaking essential to the subject of reducing pollution, this is a must-have for paper and bioprocess engineers, environmental engineers, and corporations in the forest products industry.
