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| Author | : Maureen Cropper |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Public Transport Subsidies and Affordability in Mumbai, India Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper describes the role of public transport and the nature and incidence of transport subsidies in Mumbai, India. Mumbai has an extensive rail and bus network, and public transport is used for over 75 percent of all motorized trips in Greater Mumbai. Both rail and bus fares in Mumbai are subsidized: BEST, which operates public buses in Mumbai, is also an electric utility, and subsidizes bus fares from electricity revenues. We analyze the incidence of these subsidies, and their effect on mode choice, using data from a survey of households in Greater Mumbai. In Mumbai, as in many cities, the middle class is more likely to use public transport for travel than the poor. The poor, however, also use public transit, and their expenditure on public transit constitutes, on average, a larger share of their income than it does for the middle class. It is, therefore, the case that the poor benefit from transit subsidies in Mumbai, as well as the middle and upper-middle classes; however, the poorest 27 percent of the population receives only 19 percent of bus subsidies and 15.5 percent of rail subsidies. Indeed, 26 percent of the lowest income households surveyed do not use rail, while 10 percent do not use bus, implying that they receive no transit subsidies. Expenditure on transport accounts for 16 percent of income in the lowest income category (
| Author | : Maureen Cropper, Soma Bhattacharya |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 28 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Bus |
| ISBN | : |
Download Public Transport Subsidies and Affordability in Mumbai, India Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Abstract: This paper describes the role of public transport and the nature and incidence of transport subsidies in Mumbai, India. Mumbai has an extensive rail and bus network, and public transport is used for over 75 percent of all motorized trips in Greater Mumbai. Both rail and bus fares in Mumbai are subsidized: BEST, which operates public buses in Mumbai, is also an electric utility, and subsidizes bus fares from electricity revenues. We analyze the incidence of these subsidies, and their effect on mode choice, using data from a survey of households in Greater Mumbai. In Mumbai, as in many cities, the middle class is more likely to use public transport for travel than the poor. The poor, however, also use public transit, and their expenditure on public transit constitutes, on average, a larger share of their income than it does for the middle class. It is, therefore, the case that the poor benefit from transit subsidies in Mumbai, as well as the middle and upper-middle classes; however, the poorest 27 percent of the population receives only 19 percent of bus subsidies and 15.5 percent of rail subsidies. Indeed, 26 percent of the lowest income households surveyed do not use rail, while 10 percent do not use bus, implying that they receive no transit subsidies. Expenditure on transport accounts for 16 percent of income in the lowest income category (
| Author | : Nicolas Estupinan |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 53 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Air |
| ISBN | : |
Download Affordability and Subsidies in Public Urban Transport: What Do We Mean, What Can Be Done? Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Abstract: Subsidy policies on public urban transport have been adopted ubiquitously. In both developed and developing countries, subsidies are implemented to make transport more affordable. Despite their widespread implementation, there are virtually no quantitative assessments of their distributional incidence, making it impossible to determine if these instruments are pro-poor. This paper reviews the arguments used to justify subsidy policies in public urban transport. Using different tools to quantitatively evaluate the incidence and distributive impacts of subsidy policy options, the paper analyzes the findings of a series of research papers that study urban public transport subsidy policies in developed and developing countries. The available evidence indicates that current public urban transport subsidy policies do not make the poorest better off. Supply-side subsidies are, for the most part, neutral or regressive; while demand-side subsidies perform better-although many of them do not improve income distribution. Considering that the policy objective is to improve the welfare of the poorest, it is imperative to move away from supply-side subsidies towards demand-side subsidies and to integrate transport social concerns into wider poverty alleviation efforts, which include the possibility of channeling subsidies through monetary transfer systems or through other transfer instruments (food subsidies, health services and education for the poor). The general conclusion of the paper is that more effort should be devoted to improve the targeting properties of public urban transport subsidies using means-testing procedures to ensure a more pro-poor incidence of subsidies.
| Author | : N.L. Sarda |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 429 |
| Release | : 2018-11-04 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 9811323305 |
Download Geospatial Infrastructure, Applications and Technologies: India Case Studies Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book is a valuable resource for the increasing body of researchers and practitioners in the field of geospatial technologies. Written by leading researchers and experts it is designed in such a way that technical achievements and challenges of geospatial computing applications are followed by various applications developed for society. As such, they serve as a bridge between technologists and solution developers, which is critical in the context of developing countries. There have been significant advances in geospatial technologies in India in the last decade, including advances in spatial data infrastructures, geocomputation and spatial databases, and innovative applications in natural resource development. Ranging from LIDAR standards, to data integration using ontologies, and mobile computing, such progress enhances the utility of the technology for both urban and rural development. This book discusses these achievements and considers the way forward.
| Author | : Roy Bahl |
| Publisher | : Edward Elgar Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 512 |
| Release | : 2018-03-30 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1786435306 |
Download Fiscal Decentralization and Local Finance in Developing Countries Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book draws on experiences in developing countries to bridge the gap between the conventional textbook treatment of fiscal decentralization and the actual practice of subnational government finance. The extensive literature about the theory and practice is surveyed and longstanding problems and new questions are addressed. It focuses on the key choices that must be made in decentralizing, on how economic and political factors shape the choices that countries make, and on how, by paying more attention to the need for a more comprehensive approach and the critical connections between different components of decentralization reform, everyone involved might get more for their money.
| Author | : Alejandro Tirachini |
| Publisher | : Edward Elgar Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 497 |
| Release | : 2023-05-09 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1800375557 |
Download Handbook on Transport Pricing and Financing Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Taking a comprehensive approach to two central, closely intertwined themes in the field of transport economics, this illuminating Handbook recognizes the critical socioeconomic importance of transport pricing and financing.
| Author | : Peter Cox |
| Publisher | : Zed Books Ltd. |
| Total Pages | : 180 |
| Release | : 2013-07-04 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 184813830X |
Download Moving People Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The local and global environmental impacts of transport are more apparent than ever before. Moving People provides an attention-grabbing introduction to the problems of transport and the development of sustainable alternatives, focusing on the often misunderstood issue of personal mobility, as opposed to freight. Re-assessing the value and importance of non-motorized transport the author raises questions about mobility in the face of climate change and energy security, particularly for the developing world. Featuring original case studies from across the globe, this book is essential for anyone studying or working in the area of environmental sustainability and transport policy.
| Author | : Un-Habitat |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 344 |
| Release | : 2013-10-30 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1317932870 |
Download Planning and Design for Sustainable Urban Mobility Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Urban transport systems worldwide are faced by a multitude of challenges. Among the most visible of these are the traffic gridlocks experienced on city roads and highways all over the world. The prescribed solution to transport problems in most cities has thus been to build more infrastructures for cars, with a limited number of cities improving public transport systems in a sustainable manner. However, a number of challenges faced by urban transport systems – such as greenhouse gas emissions, noise and air pollution and road traffic accidents – do not necessarily get solved by the construction of new infrastructure. Planning and Design for Sustainable Urban Mobility argues that the development of sustainable urban transport systems requires a conceptual leap. The purpose of ‘transportation’ and ‘mobility’ is to gain access to destinations, activities, services and goods. Thus, access is the ultimate objective of transportation. As a result, urban planning and design should focus on how to bring people and places together, by creating cities that focus on accessibility, rather than simply increasing the length of urban transport infrastructure or increasing the movement of people or goods. Urban form and the functionality of the city are therefore a major focus of this report, which highlights the importance of integrated land-use and transport planning. This new report of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), the world’s leading authority on urban issues, provides some thought-provoking insights and policy recommendations on how to plan and design sustainable urban mobility systems. The Global Report on Human Settlements is the most authoritative and up-to-date global assessment of human settlements conditions and trends. Preceding issues of the report have addressed such topics as Cities in a Globalizing World, The Challenge of Slums, Financing Urban Shelter, Enhancing Urban Safety and Security, Planning Sustainable Cities and Cities and Climate Change.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 364 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Developing countries |
| ISBN | : |
Download The World Bank Research Observer Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 93 |
| Release | : 1982 |
| Genre | : Federal aid to transportation |
| ISBN | : |
Download Urban Public Transport Subsidies Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
