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| Author | : Barbara Nunberg |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 49 |
| Release | : 1988 |
| Genre | : Civil service reform |
| ISBN | : |
Overstaffed bureaucracies afflicted by eroding salaries, demoralization, corruption, moonlighting, and chronic absenteeism are often unable to carry out the key tasks of economic recovery. What should the Bank do about it?
| Author | : Barbara Nunberg |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 39 |
| Release | : 1989-01-01 |
| Genre | : Civil service reform |
| ISBN | : 9780821314111 |
| Author | : David L. Lindauer |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 246 |
| Release | : 1994-01-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780821330005 |
Analyzes the issues affecting income security for the elderly in both developing and industrial nations. Systems providing financial security for the old are under increasing strain throughout the world. Changing demographics have led to an increased proportion of old people in the general population. Traditional means of support for the old, such as extended families, are weakening. Meanwhile, formal systems, such as government-backed pensions, have proven unstable. For these reasons economists, policymakers, and government officials are exploring ways to address such issues as: *How to ensure financial security for the old and the best ways of paying for such security *The roles of the public and private sectors when systems are used to enhance rather than detract from economic growth. This study, the first comprehensive and global examination of old age security, addresses such issues. It identifies three functions of old age financial security programs--redistribution, saving, and insurance. It evaluates the policy options for meeting these functions using two criteria: their impact on the aged and their impact on the economy as a whole. The study suggests that financial security for the old and economic growth would be better served if governments relied on three systems: 1) A publicly managed system with mandatory participation and the limited goal of reducing poverty among the old 2) A privately managed mandatory savings system 3) A voluntary savings system. These three systems would ensure against the many risks of old age. The study concludes that a combination of different income security policies is more effective than any single approach and that all countries should begin planning for their aging populations now. A Copublication of the World Bank and Oxford University Press.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 99 |
| Release | : 2016-12-04 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1498345735 |
This supplement presents country case studies reviewing country experiences with managing wage bill pressures, which are the basis for the compensation and employment reform lessons identified in the main paper. The selection of countries for the case studies reflects past studies carried out by either the IMF or the World Bank in the context of technical assistance or bilateral surveillance (Table 1). These studies provide important insights into the different sources of wage bill pressures as well as the reform challenges governments have faced when addressing these pressures over the short and medium term. The studies cover 20 countries, including five advanced economies, six countries from sub-Saharan Africa, two countries in developing Asia, one country in the Middle East and North Africa, three countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, and three countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS. The structure of each case study is similar, with each study starting with a presentation of the institutional coverage and framework for setting and managing the wage bill; a description of employment and compensation levels, including their comparison with the private sector; and a discussion of the challenges that motivated the need for reforms and, when applicable, the reforms implemented and lessons derived from these.
| Author | : Lorenzo Forni |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 23 |
| Release | : 2014-10-23 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1498350348 |
This paper compiles and compares recent and past measures introduced to contain the public wage bill in a number of emerging and advanced economies to assess their effectiveness in bringing down expenditure in a sustained way. In the aftermath of the Great Recession a number of countries have approved measures on the wage bill as part of fiscal consolidation efforts. These recent episodes are compared to past cases implemented in advanced economies over the period 1979–2009. Findings suggest that public wage bill consolidation episodes pre and post 2009 are similar in many respects. Moreover, typically countries that were able to achieve more sustained reductions in the wage bill have implemented to larger extent structural measures, and/or these measures were accompanied with substantial social dialogue and consensus.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 99 |
| Release | : 2016-08-04 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1498345778 |
Government compensation and employment policies are important for the efficient delivery of public services which are crucial for the functioning of economies and the general prosperity of societies. On average, spending on the wage bill absorbs around one-fifth of total spending. Cross-country variation in wage spending reflects, in part, national choices about the government’s role in priority sectors, as well as variations in the level of economic development and resource constraints.
| Author | : Daniel Vaughan-Whitehead |
| Publisher | : Edward Elgar Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 657 |
| Release | : 2013-01-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1781955352 |
ÔThis is a fascinating, rich and comprehensive analytical account of the causes and consequences of austerity measures affecting the public sector in terms of pay and employment. The editors have assembled a broad array of contributions that really reflect the diversity within Europe, both in terms of how deep the financial crisis hit, and the drivers of public sector reforms. An absorbing and thought-provoking read.Õ Ð Jacqueline OÕReilly, University of Brighton, UK After a first series of policy responses to the 2008Ð09 crisis aimed at sustaining domestic demand through expansionary anti-crisis packages, most European governments Ð starting with Greece, Ireland, Bulgaria and Romania, and followed by many others Ð have since put in place a series of restrictive budgetary policies aimed at reducing their budget deficits. With these new policies, a significant number of jobs and wages have been cut in the public sector. A number of expenditure items related to education and training have also been cut. These reforms have given rise to waves of protest throughout Europe. The goal of this volume is to study this Ôpublic sector shockÕ. While budgetary reforms seek to ensure a more balanced and sound economic policy, they may generate new work inequalities among public sector employees, most particularly among women, who account for a considerable proportion of public sector employment. Cuts in education and training may also have an impact on the quality of human capital in both the public and private sectors, despite the fact that the recent crisis has shown the value of education as employees with better skills and training are more likely to maintain their jobs and incomes. The authors explore a number of questions, including: what types of reform have been implemented in the public sector and what are their implications in both the short and long term? On the economic side, what will be the impact on wages, and on job quantity and quality? On the social side, what will the effects be on inequality and social cohesion? And what will be the outcome for, and potential role of, social partners and social dialogue? On the basis of a comparative and comprehensive assessment, illustrated by case studies in education, health and public administration, policy issues are discussed with the aim of finding the right mix of public sector reforms.
| Author | : C. Dell'Aringa |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 275 |
| Release | : 2001-09-25 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1403920176 |
Although many industrialized countries have had to face the same political and economic pressures in reforming their public sectors there have been different reactions and a diversity of solutions to the emerging problems. This book examines the most significant initiatives targeted towards the restructuring of public sector employment relations in countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The contributors focus on national and local governments, and health, education and social services. The first section provides an up-to-date analysis of six European countries. The second part considers the USA, Canada, New Zealand, Australia and Japan.
| Author | : Ms.Izabela Karpowicz |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 24 |
| Release | : 2018-10-08 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484380444 |
Brazil’s public-sector wage bill is comparatively high. It grows inertially and competes with other spending. Rightsizing the wage bill could stimulate administrative efficiency and bring more equity into a system where public employees earn more than private in comparable professions. Most importantly, however, a reform is necessary to comply with the Federal government expenditure ceiling and the subnational fiscal responsibility rules. A reform should thus encompass all government levels, and all careers, and should aim to achieve a real decrease in salaries and lower employment. In the medium term, a review of the compensation structure should rationalize the multitude if wage grids, merge allowances into the base wage, and align public sector compensation to private wages in low-skilled professions.
| Author | : Weltbank |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
This part of the public sector pay reform policy note represents a summary of main messages and findings of the report. The report also provides the summary of simulations for various policy scenarios; it is not imperative that quantitative parameters of policy actions (for example, base pay levels, etc.) should be exactly the same as in the policy note, actual numbers may change depending on available fiscal space by the time when final decision is taken vis-a-vis pay increase. Summary of recommendations is provided in annex two; by the time when the report was ready for publication, the Government already took actions to address immediate objectives of the pay reform agenda in public sector; it issued a decree to increase pay levels for civil servants, education and health sector workers as well as other social sector workers. In general, the decree was consistent with overall immediate objectives of pay reform in public service. Public sector wage reform is a key aspect of the reform agenda in Tajikistan. The strong erosion of real wages, as a consequence of the civil war and the collapse of the economy in the 1990s, and very limited employment opportunities in the country combined with increasing opportunities for labor migration, as a consequence of growing economies in Kazakhstan and Russia, have led to a large outflow of qualified personnel in the public service. At the same time, these sectors are crucial to the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and for ensuring sustainable growth. The public sector continued to provide a quarter of employment (25 percent) over the last seven years. Job creation in the economy was very marginal. It is very likely that the public sector will continue be one of the major employers in the local labor market in medium term. The policy note focuses on civil service, education, health, social protection, science, culture, and sport, sectors with a very uneven reform background and different starting points. The policy note attaches special emphasis on state of play in these sectors and explores options that could encompass policy decisions of the authorities in a three- to five-year timeframe.
