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Predicates and Temporal Arguments

Predicates and Temporal Arguments
Author: Theodore B. Fernald
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 167
Release: 2000
Genre: Grammar, Comparative and general
ISBN: 0195114353

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A distinction is made in formal semantics between "stage-level predicates," predicates that describe the general state of a noun, and "individual-level predicates," predicates that specify the specific properties of a noun. Fernald investigates various contexts in which this distinction is traditionally said to come into play. His aim is to show that the effects displayed are not uniform, and that the differences between the analyses proposed in the literature arise from the authors considering different subsets of data that they take to exemplyify the "core" meaning of the stage/individual distinction. Fernald presents alternatives and extensions that shed light on the limitations of previous theories, as well as making original observations about important aspects of the topic, including coercion, and perceptual reports vs. other phenomena.


Predicates and Temporal Arguments

Predicates and Temporal Arguments
Author: Theodore B. Fernald
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 167
Release: 2000-02-10
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 0195354214

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A distinction is made in formal semantics between "stage-level predicates," predicates that describe the general state of a noun, and "individual-level predicates," predicates that specify the specific properties of a noun. Fernald investigates various contexts in which this distinction is traditionally said to come into play. His aim is to show that the effects displayed are not uniform, and that the differences between the analyses proposed in the literature arise from the authors considering different subsets of data that they take to exemplyify the "core" meaning of the stage/individual distinction. Fernald presents alternatives and extensions that shed light on the limitations of previous theories, as well as making original observations about important aspects of the topic, including coercion, and perceptual reports vs. other phenomena.


Events, Arguments, and Aspects

Events, Arguments, and Aspects
Author: Klaus Robering
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Total Pages: 383
Release: 2014-03-15
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 9027270627

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The verb has often been considered the 'center' of the sentence and has hence always attracted the special attention of the linguist. The present volume collects novel approaches to two classical topics within verbal semantics, namely argument structure and the treatment of time and aspect. The linguistic material covered comes from a broad spectrum of languages including English, German, Danish, Ukrainian, and Australian aboriginal languages; and methods from both cognitive and formal semantics are applied in the analyses presented here. Some of the authors use a variety of event semantics in order to analyze argument structure and aspect whereas others employ ideas coming from object-oriented programming in order to achieve new insights into the way how verbs select their arguments and how events are classified into different types. Both kinds of methods are also used to give accounts of dynamical aspects of semantic interpretation such as coercion and type shifting.


On the Temporal Interpretation of Noun Phrases

On the Temporal Interpretation of Noun Phrases
Author: Renate Musan
Publisher: Garland Science
Total Pages: 220
Release: 2021-11-19
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1000525155

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First published in 1997, this thesis is about the temporal interpretation of noun phrases. Although the temporal interpretation of verbs is by no means a settled issue today, all of us have at least a vague idea of how it works: sentences contain verbs and tenses and sometimes temporal adverbials, and in some way or other the tense of a clause tells us roughly whether the state of affairs denoted by the main predicate of the clause—or at least a crucial part of it—is located at a past, present, or future time.


Author:
Publisher: IOS Press
Total Pages: 3525
Release:
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Formal Ontology in Information Systems

Formal Ontology in Information Systems
Author: B. Bennett
Publisher: IOS Press
Total Pages: 388
Release: 2006-10-26
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1607502119

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Researchers in areas such as artificial intelligence, formal and computational linguistics, biomedical informatics, conceptual modeling, knowledge engineering and information retrieval have come to realise that a solid foundation for their research calls for serious work in ontology, understood as a general theory of the types of entities and relations that make up their respective domains of inquiry. In all these areas, attention is now being focused on the content of information rather than on just the formats and languages used to represent information. The clearest example of this development is provided by the many initiatives growing up around the project of the Semantic Web. And, as the need for integrating research in these different fields arises, so does the realisation that strong principles for building well-founded ontologies might provide significant advantages over ad hoc, case-based solutions. The tools of formal ontology address precisely these needs, but a real effort is required in order to apply such philosophical tools to the domain of information systems. Reciprocally, research in the information sciences raises specific ontological questions which call for further philosophical investigations. The purpose of FOIS is to provide a forum for genuine interdisciplinary exchange in the spirit of a unified effort towards solving the problems of ontology, with an eye to both theoretical issues and concrete applications. This book contains a wide range of areas, all of which are important to the development of formal ontologies.


Korean Syntax and Semantics

Korean Syntax and Semantics
Author: EunHee Lee
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 301
Release: 2019-01-10
Genre: Foreign Language Study
ISBN: 1108417191

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Explores the Korean language from both a syntactic and semantic perspective, combining mainstream ideas from minimalist syntax and formal semantics.


Phrase Structure and the Lexicon

Phrase Structure and the Lexicon
Author: J. Rooryck
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 314
Release: 1996
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9780792337454

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The relation between phrase structure and the lexicon has always been an area of prime concern in syntactic theory, but never more so than in the recently developed minimalist framework, where the lexicon is largely reduced to configurational and computational properties of the grammar. Taking this perspective as their point of departure, the authors of this volume address issues including the mapping between thematic information and phrase structure, the way in which the configurational character of functional categories determines interpretation in a theory of phrase structure, and methodological discussions about core assumptions of phrase structure itself. Some of the essential themes that emerge are that projection and interpretation go hand in hand (a successful projection in an interpretable one), and that, to a large extent, phrase structure itself encodes lexical information and determines interpretation in the thematic domain. Audience: Theoreticians in syntax, semantics and language acquisition, and in related fields.


Reasoning Web. Reasoning and the Web in the Big Data Era

Reasoning Web. Reasoning and the Web in the Big Data Era
Author: Manolis Koubarakis
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 390
Release: 2014-09-03
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3319105876

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This volume contains the lecture notes of the 10th Reasoning Web Summer School 2014, held in Athens, Greece, in September 2014. In 2014, the lecture program of the Reasoning Web introduces students to recent advances in big data aspects of semantic web and linked data, and the fundamentals of reasoning techniques that can be used to tackle big data applications.


Individuals in Time

Individuals in Time
Author: María J. Arche
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Total Pages: 298
Release: 2006-08-17
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 9027293341

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This monograph investigates the temporal properties of those predicates referring to individuals – the so-called individual-level (IL) predicates – in contrast to those known as stage-level (SL) predicates. Many of the traditional tenets attributed to the IL/SL dichotomy are not solidly founded, this book claims, as it examines current theoretical issues concerning the syntax/semantics inter­face such as the relation between semantic prop­erties of predicates and their syntactic structure. By using the contrast found in Spanish copular clauses (ser vs. estar), Individuals in Time shows that the conception of IL predicates as permanent and stative cannot be maintained. The existence of nonstative IL predicates is demonstrated through analyzing the correlation between the syntactic presence of certain projections (specifi­cally, preposi­tional complements) and process-like aspect properties. This detailed examin­ation of IL predicates in the domains of inner aspect, outer aspect, and tense will be welcomed by scholars and students with an interest in event structure, tense, and aspect.