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Differential AmplifiersAnalysis of differential amplifier, common mode and differential mode gains, transfer characteristics, CMRR, I/P and O/P impedances, high performance amplifiers using current source bias and current mirror connection.Drift ProblemThermal drift, input error signals and their compensation in differential amplifier.Operational AmplifierIdeal op-amp characteristics, cascading of differential amplifier. I/P, O/P stages and level translators, multistage op-amps, frequency response and stability. Frequency and phase compensation techniques. Some commercial op-amp parameters, features (IC 741, MC 1530).Op-amp ApplicationsInverting and non-inverting, differential and bridge amplifiers, summer, integrator, differentiator. V to I and I to V converters, op-amp feedback limiters using diodes, zener diodes, log and antilog amplifiers, analog multipliers, dividers, sample and hold circuits. Peak detectors, precision rectifiers, instrumentation amplifier, monostable and astable multivibrators, comparators-Schmitt trigger using op-amp.Active FiltersFirst and second order Butterworth filters, design and its response (LP, HP, BP, BE, Narrow band, all pass filters).TimersBasic timer circuit 555 timer used as astable and monostable multivibrator.Data Converters and Data Acquisition SystemD/A converters, basic D/A converter, weighted binary type, ladder R-2R D/A converters, performance parameters and source of errors.A/D ConvertersBasic V/F converter, V/T converter, single slope and dual slope converter. A/D converter using D/A converter, counter ramp, continuous counter ramp, successive approximation, flash converter.Communication AmplificationsCascade amplifiers MC1550 for video, RF and amplitude modulation, AGC application, PLL, brief study of PLL system, applications of PLL for AM, FM detection, FSK decoder, frequency synthesis using commercial PLL (IC 565).Voltage RegulatorsAnalysis and design of series and shunt regulators using DC amplifiers, some commercial voltage regulators (MC 78XX series, IC 723), high current negative voltage with foldback limiting concepts, switching regulators - basic concepts and applications.