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Practice and the Human Sciences

Practice and the Human Sciences
Author: Donald E. Polkinghorne
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Total Pages: 232
Release: 2012-02-01
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0791484548

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Teachers, nurses, psychotherapists, and other practitioners of care are under pressure to substitute specific, prescribed techniques in place of using their own judgment. Donald E. Polkinghorne assembles the case for the return to judgment-based practice for the professions that engage in direct person-to-person interaction with those they serve. Set in the larger context of the technification of society, Polkinghorne draws from Weber, Heidegger, Ihde, Bourdieu, de Certeau, and other philosophers to trace the advancing power of the technological worldview in Western culture and uses Aristotle, Dewey, and Gadamer to help make his case that we should be doing things very differently.


The Flight from Reality in the Human Sciences

The Flight from Reality in the Human Sciences
Author: Ian Shapiro
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 236
Release: 2009-02-09
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 140082690X

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In this captivating yet troubling book, Ian Shapiro offers a searing indictment of many influential practices in the social sciences and humanities today. Perhaps best known for his critique of rational choice theory, Shapiro expands his purview here. In discipline after discipline, he argues, scholars have fallen prey to inward-looking myopia that results from--and perpetuates--a flight from reality. In the method-driven academic culture we inhabit, argues Shapiro, researchers too often make display and refinement of their techniques the principal scholarly activity. The result is that they lose sight of the objects of their study. Pet theories and methodological blinders lead unwelcome facts to be ignored, sometimes not even perceived. The targets of Shapiro's critique include the law and economics movement, overzealous formal and statistical modeling, various reductive theories of human behavior, misguided conceptual analysis in political theory, and the Cambridge school of intellectual history. As an alternative to all of these, Shapiro makes a compelling case for problem-driven social research, rooted in a realist philosophy of science and an antireductionist view of social explanation. In the lucid--if biting--prose for which Shapiro is renowned, he explains why this requires greater critical attention to how problems are specified than is usually undertaken. He illustrates what is at stake for the study of power, democracy, law, and ideology, as well as in normative debates over rights, justice, freedom, virtue, and community. Shapiro answers many critics of his views along the way, securing his position as one of the distinctive social and political theorists of our time.


Narrative Knowing and the Human Sciences

Narrative Knowing and the Human Sciences
Author: Donald E. Polkinghorne
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Total Pages: 251
Release: 2010-03-31
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1438416288

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This book expands the concept of the nature of science and provides a practical research alternative for those who work with people and organizations. Using literary criticism, philosophy, and history, as well as recent developments in the cognitive and social sciences, Narrative Knowing and the Human Sciences shows how to use research information organized by the narrative form—such information as clinical life histories, organizational case studies, biographic material, corporate cultural designs, and literary products. The relationship between the narrative format and classical and statistical and experimental designs is clarified and made explicit. Suggestions for doing research are given as well as criteria for judging the accuracy and quality of narrative research results.


Working Knowledge

Working Knowledge
Author: Joel Isaac
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 408
Release: 2012-06-11
Genre: History
ISBN: 0674070046

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The human sciences in the English-speaking world have been in a state of crisis since the Second World War. The battle between champions of hard-core scientific standards and supporters of a more humanistic, interpretive approach has been fought to a stalemate. Joel Isaac seeks to throw these contemporary disputes into much-needed historical relief. In Working Knowledge he explores how influential thinkers in the twentieth century's middle decades understood the relations among science, knowledge, and the empirical study of human affairs. For a number of these thinkers, questions about what kinds of knowledge the human sciences could produce did not rest on grand ideological gestures toward "science" and "objectivity" but were linked to the ways in which knowledge was created and taught in laboratories and seminar rooms. Isaac places special emphasis on the practical, local manifestations of their complex theoretical ideas. In the case of Percy Williams Bridgman, Talcott Parsons, B. F. Skinner, W. V. O. Quine, and Thomas Kuhn, the institutional milieu in which they constructed their models of scientific practice was Harvard University. Isaac delineates the role the "Harvard complex" played in fostering connections between epistemological discourse and the practice of science. Operating alongside but apart from traditional departments were special seminars, interfaculty discussion groups, and non-professionalized societies and teaching programs that shaped thinking in sociology, psychology, anthropology, philosophy, science studies, and management science. In tracing this culture of inquiry in the human sciences, Isaac offers intellectual history at its most expansive.


Psychotherapy as a Human Science

Psychotherapy as a Human Science
Author: Daniel Burston
Publisher: Duquesne
Total Pages: 344
Release: 2006
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 9780820703787

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"Provides a critical and historical introduction to the core themes and influential thinkers that helped to shape contemporary human science approaches to psychotherapy"--Provided by publisher.


Methodology for the Human Sciences

Methodology for the Human Sciences
Author: Donald E. Polkinghorne
Publisher: SUNY Press
Total Pages: 668
Release: 1984-06-30
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 9780873956642

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Methodology for the Human Sciences addresses the growing need for a comprehensive textbook that surveys the emerging body of literature on human science research and clearly describes procedures and methods for carrying out new research strategies. It provides an overview of developing methods, describes their commonalities and variations, and contains practical information on how to implement strategies in the field. In it, Donald Polkinghorne calls for a renewal of debate over which methods are appropriate for the study of human beings, proposing that the results of the extensive changes in the philosophy of science since 1960 call for a reexamination of the original issues of this debate. The book traces the history of the deliberations from Mill and Dilthey to Hempel and logical positivism, examines recently developed systems of inquiry and their importance for the human sciences, and relates these systems to the practical problems of doing research on topics related to human experience. It discusses historical realism, systems and structures, phenomenology and hermeneutics, action theory, and the implications recent systems have for a revised human science methodology.


Methodology for the Human Sciences

Methodology for the Human Sciences
Author: Donald E. Polkinghorne
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Total Pages: 372
Release: 1984-06-30
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 143841627X

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Methodology for the Human Sciences addresses the growing need for a comprehensive textbook that surveys the emerging body of literature on human science research and clearly describes procedures and methods for carrying out new research strategies. It provides an overview of developing methods, describes their commonalities and variations, and contains practical information on how to implement strategies in the field. In it, Donald Polkinghorne calls for a renewal of debate over which methods are appropriate for the study of human beings, proposing that the results of the extensive changes in the philosophy of science since 1960 call for a reexamination of the original issues of this debate. The book traces the history of the deliberations from Mill and Dilthey to Hempel and logical positivism, examines recently developed systems of inquiry and their importance for the human sciences, and relates these systems to the practical problems of doing research on topics related to human experience. It discusses historical realism, systems and structures, phenomenology and hermeneutics, action theory, and the implications recent systems have for a revised human science methodology.


Interpretation and Explanation in the Human Sciences

Interpretation and Explanation in the Human Sciences
Author: David K. Henderson
Publisher: SUNY Press
Total Pages: 308
Release: 1993-07-01
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 9780791414064

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Henderson examines the foundations of an analytic social science approach to develop a well-integrated account of the human sciences, focusing on the pivotal notions of interpretation and explanation. The author acknowledges the importance of interpretive understanding in the human sciences, and proposes a methodology that reflects both interpretive practice as well as scientific methodology. He refutes the methodological separatists who hold that the logic of explanation and testing in the human sciences is fundamentally different from that of the natural sciences, and examines in detail the constraints on interpretation. In providing an integrated treatment of these two central issues in social science, Henderson offers a thorough analysis of the adequacy of interpretation and the nature of explanation in the human sciences.


Caring Science, Mindful Practice

Caring Science, Mindful Practice
Author: Kathleen Sitzman, PhD, RN, CNE, ANEF
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Total Pages: 168
Release: 2013-07-30
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0826171540

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"Caring Science, Mindful Practice offers unique and practical project examples that nurses will consider for their practice or educational settings. With its integration of Watson's caring science and mindfulness principles, Sitzman and Watson have extended knowledge of Watson's caring science and caritas processes through integrating Thich Nhat Hahn's mindfulness perspective and practices. The book offers rich examples of nursing projects that may broaden nursing care for greater patient and student satisfaction and assist nurses with holistic self-care." -- Gale Robinson-Smith, PhD, RN is Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Villanova University, International Journal for Human Caring "This book provides wonderful tools for nurses to use in practice, education, or even for self-care. Designed for any nurse, new or experienced, who wishes to learn more about applying Jean Watson's Human Caring Theory to practice, it supplies the meaning behind the importance of having a practice based on mindfulness....[It] is a practical, easy-to-read book for all nursing audiences and could be used at any educational level."--Doody's Medical Reviews ìSitzman and Watsons' book is an invaluable resourceÖ The strength of this book is its simplicity on one level yet its complexity as the reader works throughout the layers incorporated within the book.î--Nursing Times This is the first text to help students and practicing nurses translate and integrate the philosophy and abstracts of Caring theory into everyday practice. It was developed for use as the primary text for an online caring theory course that will be offered through the Watson Caring Science Institute in October 2013. Through case examples and guiding activities, the book helps students and practitioners to more fully comprehend the meaning and use of each Caritas Process. It draws upon the contemplative and mindfulness teaching of Thich Nhat Hahn, a renowned Buddhist monk, poet, author, teacher, and peace activist. Each of the ten Caritas Processes are clearly presented by the author and accompanied by guided mindfulness and artistic practices to support learning and absorption of the method. These artistic practices include the use of images, art, metaphors, and expressive symbols that are designed to promote meaningful introspection and self-awarenessóthe underpinnings of genuine Caritas practice. The book reflects several years of teaching by the author, who has been invited by several large health care institutions (including Kaiser-Permanente) to provide training based on her materials. Key Features: Helps students and practitioners to integrate the philosophy and abstracts of Caring theory into clinical practice Offers case studies and guided activities to reinforce content Draws upon the contemplative and mindfulness teachings of Thich Nhat Hahn Includes concrete guided mindfulness and artistic practices for each of the ten Caritas Processes Designed for a wide audience including undergraduate, graduate and international nursing students


Historical and Conceptual Foundations of Measurement in the Human Sciences

Historical and Conceptual Foundations of Measurement in the Human Sciences
Author: Derek C. Briggs
Publisher:
Total Pages: 358
Release: 2021-09
Genre: Educational tests and measurements
ISBN: 9780367225247

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Historical and Conceptual Foundations of Measurement in the Human Sciences explores the assessment and measurement of nonphysical attributes that define human beings: abilities, personalities, attitudes, dispositions, and values. The proposition that human attributes are measurable remains controversial, as do the ideas and innovations of the six historical figures--Gustav Fechner, Francis Galton, Alfred Binet, Charles Spearman, Louis Thurstone, and S. S. Stevens--at the heart of this book. Across 10 rich, elaborative chapters, readers are introduced to the origins of educational and psychological scaling, mental testing, classical test theory, factor analysis, and diagnostic classification and to controversies spanning the quantity objection, the role of measurement in promoting eugenics, theories of intelligence, the measurement of attitudes, and beyond. Graduate students, researchers, and professionals in educational measurement and psychometrics will emerge with a deeper appreciation for both the challenges and the affordances of measurement in quantitative research.