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Post-Stabilization Politics in Latin America

Post-Stabilization Politics in Latin America
Author: Carol Wise
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Total Pages: 321
Release: 2003-07-28
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0815796048

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Over the last twenty years Latin America has seen a definitive movement toward civilian rule. Significant trade, fiscal, and monetary reforms have accompanied this shift, exposing previously state-led economies to the forces of the market. Despite persistent economic and political hardships, the combination of civilian regimes and market-based strategies has proved to be remarkably resilient and still dominates the region. This book focuses on the effects of market reforms on domestic politics in Latin America. While considering civilian rule as a constant, the book examines and compares domestic political responses in six countries that embraced similar packages of reforms in the 1980s—Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela. The contributors focus on how ambitious measures such as liberalization, privatization, and deregulation yielded mixed results in these countries and in doing so they identify three main patterns of political economic adjustment. In Argentina and Chile, the implementation of market reforms has gone hand in hand with increasingly competitive politics. In Brazil and Mexico, market reforms helped to catalyze transitions from entrenched authoritarian rule. Finally, in Peru and Venezuela, traditional political systems have collapsed and civilian rule has been repeatedly challenged. The contributors include Carol Wise (University of Southern California), Karen L. Remmer (Duke University), Carol Graham (Brookings Institution), Stefano Pettinato (United Nations Development Programme), Consuelo Cruz (Tufts University), Juan E. Corradi (New York University), Delia M. Boylan (Chicago Public Radio), Riordan Roett (Johns Hopkins University), Martín Tanaka (Institute for Peruvian Studies, Lima), and Kenneth M. Roberts (University of New Mexico).


Post-Stabilization Politics in Latin America

Post-Stabilization Politics in Latin America
Author: Carol Wise
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Total Pages: 324
Release: 2003-07-28
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9780815796046

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Over the last twenty years Latin America has seen a definitive movement toward civilian rule. Significant trade, fiscal, and monetary reforms have accompanied this shift, exposing previously state-led economies to the forces of the market. Despite persistent economic and political hardships, the combination of civilian regimes and market-based strategies has proved to be remarkably resilient and still dominates the region. This book focuses on the effects of market reforms on domestic politics in Latin America. While considering civilian rule as a constant, the book examines and compares domestic political responses in six countries that embraced similar packages of reforms in the 1980s—Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela. The contributors focus on how ambitious measures such as liberalization, privatization, and deregulation yielded mixed results in these countries and in doing so they identify three main patterns of political economic adjustment. In Argentina and Chile, the implementation of market reforms has gone hand in hand with increasingly competitive politics. In Brazil and Mexico, market reforms helped to catalyze transitions from entrenched authoritarian rule. Finally, in Peru and Venezuela, traditional political systems have collapsed and civilian rule has been repeatedly challenged. The contributors include Carol Wise (University of Southern California), Karen L. Remmer (Duke University), Carol Graham (Brookings Institution), Stefano Pettinato (United Nations Development Programme), Consuelo Cruz (Tufts University), Juan E. Corradi (New York University), Delia M. Boylan (Chicago Public Radio), Riordan Roett (Johns Hopkins University), Martín Tanaka (Institute for Peruvian Studies, Lima), and Kenneth M. Roberts (University of New Mexico).


Fault Lines of Democracy in Post-transition Latin America

Fault Lines of Democracy in Post-transition Latin America
Author: Felipe Agüero
Publisher: Lynne Rienner Publishers
Total Pages: 432
Release: 1998
Genre: Political Science
ISBN:

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Concerns about democratization in Latin America today center not on the threat of authoritarian regression, but on the depth, quality, fairness, and completeness of democratization thus far. Large-scale economic and social reforms, stronger and more complex civil societies, and processes of integration and globalization call for new approaches in order to understand the unfolding of democracy in the region. In this context, the contributors to this volume explore the often disjunctive aspects of Latin American democracy, providing a nuanced understanding of contemporary democratic governance.


The New Brazil

The New Brazil
Author: Riordan Roett
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Total Pages: 192
Release: 2010-08-02
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0815704453

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The New Brazil tells the story of South America’s largest country as it has evolved from a remote Portuguese colony into a regional leader, a respected representative for the developing world, and, increasingly, an important partner for the United States and the European Union. For much of the twentieth century, Brazil seemed mired in perpetual economic crisis. Today, prudent fiscal and monetary policies have yielded high levels of foreign direct investment and an investment-grade rating for its debt. Brazil is also emerging as an energy powerhouse, and policymakers are more and more confronting the challenge of reducing poverty among tens of millions of people. In this engaging book, Riordan Roett traces the long road Brazil has traveled to reach its present status and examines the many challenges it has overcome and those that lie ahead. He discusses the country’s development as a colony, empire, and republic; the making of modern Brazil, beginning with the rise to power of Getúlio Vargas; the advent of the military government in 1964; the return to civilian rule two decades later; and the pivotal presidencies of Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Luiz Inácio (Lula) da Silva, leading to the nation’s current status in world affairs as one of the BRIC countries. As Brazil prepares to elect a new president in October 2010, much remains to be done to consolidate and expand the country’s global role. Nonetheless, as a player on the world stage, Brazil is here to stay.


Fast Forward

Fast Forward
Author: Scott B. MacDonald
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
Total Pages: 336
Release:
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781412823463

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Latin America is developing rapidly. As the authors see the region, a small group of countries has found a fast-forward button. In these countries change is exciting, occurring at such a rapid pace that a major breakthrough hi economic growth appears within grasp. After an almost decade-long period of recession and stagnation, many Latin American economies now have elected governments. With a few exceptions, most have also improved their socioeconomic conditions beyond meeting basic human needs. Yet few North Americans or Europeans are aware of these advances. How does Latin America fit into the changing world in the 1990s, and why should someone living in the United States, Europe, or developed parts of the Pacific Basin care? "Fast Forward "shows that Latin America's economic renaissance clearly has implications for a post-Cold War world order. Latin America is starting to make -important contributions, particularly in the areas of international diplomacy, economics, and culture. Collectively, Latin Americans now demonstrate a coherent collective will about where "they "wish to take themselves. This does not mean that U.S. influence in the Americas will soon disappear, but that new challenges in the international system will force greater equity in Western Hemisphere relationships. While Latin America in the 1990s offers much to be excited about, the authors caution that there are dangers in being too enthusiastic. The always-present potential for top-down authoritarian approaches must temper enthusiasm about a better Latin American future. Despite this, the authors see a well-defined departure from past economic modes occurring and the potential for a higher level of development for some countries. This book is for economists, sociologists, and political scientists interested in economic and political development, and researchers interested in Latin America in particular.


The Political Economy of Latin America in the Postwar Period

The Political Economy of Latin America in the Postwar Period
Author: Laura Randall
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Total Pages: 330
Release: 1998
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9780292770867

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The historic and increasing interdependence of the Latin American and U.S. economies makes an understanding of the political economies of Latin American nations particularly timely and important. After World War II, many nations initially implemented import substituting industrialization policies. Their outcomes, and the shift in policies, are related to the domestic policies and world economic conditions that led to government deficits, inflation, foreign borrowing, debt renegotiation, and renewed emphasis on common markets and other devices to stimulate trade and investment. In The Political Economy of Latin America in the Postwar Period, important policy measures are evaluated, such as indexation of prices and contracts; special provisions for financing the government through the Central Bank; stabilization; and deregulation of the economy. The introduction presents trends in Latin American growth and the factors that influence them. This is followed by parallel studies of the economic development of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru from 1945 to the mid-1990s. Noted experts bring their considerable experience to analyzing the content and impact of the economic theories that guided policymaking and their effects on output, income, and quality of life.


Stabilization and Growth in Latin America

Stabilization and Growth in Latin America
Author: Leonardo Vera
Publisher: Palgrave MacMillan
Total Pages: 280
Release: 2001
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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Latin American countries initiated since the 1980s a reorientation of economic policies in whose formulation and implementation the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB) have played a key role. This book shows that the IMF/WB programs have not achieved the expected results and allows the reader to understand the shortcomings and limitations of the orthodox approach. By analyzing the macro-models that inspire policy-based lending, the author argues that the weaknesses arise as a result of a questionable internal logic of the models, mistaken premises and a failure to account for the empirical evidence. The book claims and outlines an alternative Post-Keynesian and Structuralist framework to deal with stabilization and growth issues in Latin America. The basic model is based on important asymmetries among productive sectors and takes into account the existence of oligopolistic markets, money wage rigidities, income distribution and endogenous money. It is implied in this model the need to rethink the direction and overall form of economic policy.