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Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Palm Oil: Biodegradable Plastics

Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Palm Oil: Biodegradable Plastics
Author: Kumar Sudesh
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 137
Release: 2012-10-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 364233539X
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The environmental problems caused by petroleum-based plastic and plastic waste have led to an increasing demand for biobased and biodegradable plastics, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). These polyesters are synthesized from carbon sources, e.g. sugar and plant oils, by various bacteria. This book highlights the potential of plant oils, especially palm oil, as a feedstock for PHA production. In addition, new PHA applications are discussed and the sustainability of PHA production from plant oils is critically examined.

Plastics from Bacteria

Plastics from Bacteria
Author: George Guo-Qiang Chen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 453
Release: 2009-12-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642032877
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Due to the possibility that petroleum supplies will be exhausted in the next decades to come, more and more attention has been paid to the production of bacterial pl- tics including polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), biopolyethylene (PE), poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), and poly(p-phenylene) (PPP). These are well-studied polymers containing at least one monomer synthesized via bacterial transformation. Among them, PHA, PLA and PBS are well known for their biodegradability, whereas PE, PTT and PPP are probably less biodegradable or are less studied in terms of their biodegradability. Over the past years, their properties and appli- tions have been studied in detail and products have been developed. Physical and chemical modifications to reduce their cost or to improve their properties have been conducted. PHA is the only biopolyester family completely synthesized by biological means. They have been investigated by microbiologists, molecular biologists, b- chemists, chemical engineers, chemists, polymer experts, and medical researchers for many years. PHA applications as bioplastics, fine chemicals, implant biomate- als, medicines, and biofuels have been developed. Companies have been est- lished for or involved in PHA related R&D as well as large scale production. It has become clear that PHA and its related technologies form an industrial value chain in fermentation, materials, feeds, and energy to medical fields.

Production of PHA Copolymers from Plant Oil

Production of PHA Copolymers from Plant Oil
Author: Charles Forrester Budde
Publisher:
Total Pages: 222
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN:
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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are carbon storage polymers produced by a variety of bacteria. The model organism for studying PHA synthesis and accumulation is Ralstonia eutropha. This species can be used to convert renewable resources into PHA bioplastics, which can serve as biodegradable alternatives to traditional petrochemical plastics. A promising feedstock for PHA production is palm oil, a major agricultural product in Southeast Asia. Strains of R. eutropha were engineered to accumulate high levels of a PHA copolymer containing 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyhexanoate when grown on palm oil and other plant oils. This type of PHA has mechanical properties similar to those of common petrochemical plastics. The engineered strains expressed a PHA synthase gene from the bacterial species Rhodococcus aetherivorans I24. The amount of 3-hydroxyhexanoate in the PHA was controlled by modulating the level of acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (PhaB) activity in the engineered R. eutropha strains. Whole genome microarray studies were carried out to better understand R. eutropha gene expression during growth on plant oils. These results have provided insights that will allow for additional improvements to be made to the engineered strains. In order to study growth of R. eutropha strains on plant oils, fermentation methods were developed to grow the bacteria in oil medium and measure consumption of the carbon source. In one of these methods, the glycoprotein gum arabic was used to emulsify the plant oil. This emulsification reduced the lag phase in oil cultures and allowed representative samples to be taken early in experiments. High density palm oil fermentations were also carried out using unemulsified oil, which is more representative of industrial culture conditions. Techniques were developed for recovery of poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) from R. eutropha biomass. Methyl isobutyl ketone was used to extract the PHA, and the polymer was precipitated from solution by addition of an alkane. A process model based on this procedure was developed for continuous recovery of PHA. The results described in this thesis include several advancements towards the goal of industrial PHA production from palm oil.

Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology

Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology
Author: Bibhuti Bhusan Mishra
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 466
Release: 2021-09-22
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 111952623X
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Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology Uniquely reveals the state-of-the-art microbial research/advances in the environment and agriculture fields Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology: Applications for Sustainability is divided into two parts which embody chapters on sustenance and life cycles of microorganisms in various environmental conditions, their dispersal, interactions with other inhabited communities, metabolite production, and reclamation. Though books pertaining to soil & agricultural microbiology/environmental biotechnology are available, there is a dearth of comprehensive literature on the behavior of microorganisms in the environmental and agricultural realm. Part 1 includes bioremediation of agrochemicals by microalgae, detoxification of chromium and other heavy metals by microbial biofilm, microbial biopolymer technology including polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and polyhydroxybutyrates (PHB), their production, degradability behaviors, and applications. Biosurfactants production and their commercial importance are also systematically represented in this part. Part 2 having 9 chapters, facilitates imperative ideas on approaches for sustainable agriculture through functional soil microbes, next-generation crop improvement strategies via rhizosphere microbiome, production and implementation of liquid biofertilizers, mitigation of methane from livestock, chitinases from microbes, extremozymes, an enzyme from extremophilic microorganism and their relevance in current biotechnology, lithobiontic communities, and their environmental importance, have all been comprehensively elaborated. In the era of sustainable energy production, biofuel and other bioenergy products play a key role, and their production from microbial sources are frontiers for researchers. The final chapter unveils the importance of microbes and their consortia for management of solid waste in amalgamation with biotechnology Audience The book will be read by environmental microbiologists, biotechnologists, chemical and agricultural engineers.

Biopolyesters

Biopolyesters
Author: Wolfgang Babel
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 345
Release: 2003-07-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3540400214
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Living systems synthesize seven different classes of polymers. They provide structure and form for cells and organisms, function as catalysts and energy storage and carry the genetic information. All these polymers possess technically interesting properties. Some of these biopolymers are already used commercially. This special volume of Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology comprises 10 chapters. It gives an overview of the water insoluble biopolyesters, in particular of the microbially synthesized poly-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) family. It reports the state of the art of metabolism, regulation and genetic background, the latest advances made in genetic optimization of bacteria, "construction" of transgenic plants and in vitro synthesis by means of purified enzymes. Furthermore, it describes relevant technologies and evaluates perspectives concerning increasing the economic viability and competitiveness of PHA and discusses applications in medicine, packaging, food and other fields.

Bio-Based Packaging

Bio-Based Packaging
Author: Salit Mohd Sapuan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 548
Release: 2021-03-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 111938107X
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Bio-Based Packaging Bio-Based Packaging An authoritative and up-to-date review of sustainable packaging development and applications Bio-Based Packaging explores using renewable and biodegradable materials as sustainable alternatives to non-renewable, petroleum-based packaging. This comprehensive volume surveys the properties of biopolymers, the environmental and economic impact of bio-based packaging, and new and emerging technologies that are increasing the number of potential applications of green materials in the packaging industry. Contributions address the advantages and challenges of bio-based packaging, discuss new materials to be used for food packaging, and highlight cutting-edge research on polymers such as starch, protein, polylactic acid (PLA), pectin, nanocellulose, and their nanocomposites. In-depth yet accessible chapters provide balanced coverage of a broad range of practical topics, including life cycle assessment (LCA) of bio-based packaging products, consumer perceptions and preferences, supply chains, business strategies and markets in biodegradable food packaging, manufacturing of bio-based packaging materials, and regulations for food packaging materials. Detailed discussions provide valuable insight into the opportunities for biopolymers in end-use sectors, the barriers to biopolymer-based concepts in the packaging market, recent advances made in the field of biopolymeric composite materials, the future of bio-plastics in commercial food packaging, and more. This book: Provides deep coverage of the bio-based packaging development, characterization, regulations and environmental and socio-economic impact Contains real-world case studies of bio-based packaging applications Includes an overview of recent advances and emerging aspects of nanotechnology for development of sustainable composites for packaging Discusses renewable sources for packaging material and the reuse and recycling of bio-based packaging products Bio-Based Packaging is essential reading for academics, researchers, and industry professionals working in packaging materials, renewable resources, sustainability, polymerization technology, food technology, material engineering, and related fields. For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs

Biopolymers for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications

Biopolymers for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications
Author: Bernd H. A. Rehm
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 400
Release: 2020-12-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3527818308
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Provides insight into biopolymers, their physicochemical properties, and their biomedical and biotechnological applications This comprehensive book is a one-stop reference for the production, modifications, and assessment of biopolymers. It highlights the technical and methodological advancements in introducing biopolymers, their study, and promoted applications. "Biopolymers for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications" begins with a general overview of biopolymers, properties, and biocompatibility. It then provides in-depth information in three dedicated sections: Biopolymers through Bioengineering and Biotechnology Venues; Polymeric Biomaterials with Wide Applications; and Biopolymers for Specific Applications. Chapters cover: advances in biocompatibility; advanced microbial polysaccharides; microbial cell factories for biomanufacturing of polysaccharides; exploitation of exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria; and the new biopolymer for biomedical application called nanocellulose. Advances in mucin biopolymer research are presented, along with those in the synthesis of fibrous proteins and their applications. The book looks at microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), as well as natural and synthetic biopolymers in drug delivery and tissue engineering. It finishes with a chapter on the current state and applications of, and future trends in, biopolymers in regenerative medicine. * Offers a complete and thorough treatment of biopolymers from synthesis strategies and physiochemical properties to applications in industrial and medical biotechnology * Discusses the most attracted biopolymers with wide and specific applications * Takes a systematic approach to the field which allows readers to grasp and implement strategies for biomedical and biotechnological applications "Biopolymers for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications" appeals to biotechnologists, bioengineers, and polymer chemists, as well as to those working in the biotechnological industry and institutes.

Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials, Biodegradable Materials

Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials, Biodegradable Materials
Author: Vijay Kumar Thakur
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 783
Release: 2017-02-28
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 111922439X
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This unique multidisciplinary 8-volume set focuses on the emerging issues concerning synthesis, characterization, design, manufacturing and various other aspects of composite materials from renewable materials and provides a shared platform for both researcher and industry. The Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials comprises a set of 8 individual volumes that brings an interdisciplinary perspective to accomplish a more detailed understanding of the interplay between the synthesis, structure, characterization, processing, applications and performance of these advanced materials. The Handbook comprises 169 chapters from world renowned experts covering a multitude of natural polymers/ reinforcement/ fillers and biodegradable materials. Volume 5 is solely focused on 'Biodegradable Materials'. Some of the important topics include but not limited to: Rice husk and its composites; biodegradable composites based on thermoplastic starch and talc nanoparticles; recent progress in biocomposites of biodegradable polymer; microbial polyesters: production and market; biodegradable and bioabsorbable materials for osteosynthesis applications; biodegradable polymers in tissue engineering; composites based on hydroxyapatite and biodegradable polylactide; biodegradable composites; development of membranes from biobased materials and their applications; green biodegradable composites based on natural fibers; fully biodegradable all-cellulose composites; natural fiber composites with bioderivative and/or degradable polymers; synthetic biodegradable polymers for bone tissue engineering; polysaccharides as green biodegradable platforms for building up electroactive composite materials; biodegradable polymer blends and composites from seaweeds; biocomposites scaffolds derived from renewable resources for bone tissue repair; pectin-based composites; recent advances in conductive composites based on biodegradable polymers for regenerative medicine applications; biosynthesis of PHAs and their biomedical applications; biodegradable soy protein isolate/poly(vinyl alcohol) packaging films; and biodegradability of biobased polymeric materials in natural environment.

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) based Blends, Composites and Nanocomposites

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) based Blends, Composites and Nanocomposites
Author: Ipsita Roy
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Total Pages: 250
Release: 2014-11-12
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1849739463
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A comprehensive overview of the recent accomplishments in the area of polyhydroxyalkanoates.

Bioprospecting of Microorganism-Based Industrial Molecules

Bioprospecting of Microorganism-Based Industrial Molecules
Author: Sudhir P. Singh
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 452
Release: 2021-12-13
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1119717248
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Discover a comprehensive and current overview of microbial bioprospecting written by leading voices in the field In Bioprospecting of Microorganism-Based Industrial Molecules, distinguished researchers and authors Sudhir P. Singh and Santosh Kumar Upadhyay deliver global perspectives of bioprospecting of biodiversity. The book covers diverse aspects of bioprospecting of microorganisms demonstrating biomass value of nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, biomedical, and bioenergetic importance. The authors present an amalgamation of translational research on bioresource utilization and ecological sustainability that will further the reader’s knowledge of the applications of different microbial diversity and reveal new avenues of research investigation. Readers will also benefit from: A thorough introduction to microbial biodiversity and bioprospecting An exploration of anti-ageing and skin lightening microbial products and microbial production of anti-cancerous biomolecules A treatment of UV protective compounds from algal biodiversity and polysaccharides from marine microalgal sources Discussions of microbial sources of insect toxic proteins and the role of microbes in bio-surfactants production Perfect for academics, scientists, researchers, graduate and post-graduate students working and studying in the areas of microbiology, food biotechnology, industrial microbiology, plant biotechnology, and microbial biotechnology, Bioprospecting of Microorganism-Based Industrial Molecules is an indispensable guide for anyone looking for a comprehensive overview of the subject.