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Political Economy of Housing in Chile

Political Economy of Housing in Chile
Author: Francisco Vergara-Perucich
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 135
Release: 2023-01-16
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1000846075
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Through the lens of political economy, this book positions housing as a key factor in understanding social inequality. It does so by drawing on rich empirical evidence from the case of the Chilean housing market. This book provides insights on the articulation between real estate development, housing provision and social inequality based on applied urban economics analyses that illustrate the contradictions of neoliberal urbanism through the case of Chile. For neoliberal urbanism, the good city is not equal for all, it is based on the principle of profitability and benefits from segregation to make capital investment more efficient. The chapters of this book expose how these processes are generated by a political system that allows them rather than by the invisible hand of the market. The book will be of interest to graduate students in urban studies, urban planning, sociology and urban geography. It will also appeal to decision-makers and also to actors in the real estate market seeking to perfect the social benefits of their professional activities, aspiring to generate more egalitarian and just cities.

Chile

Chile
Author: Edward Ludwig Glaeser
Publisher: Harvard Kennedy School
Total Pages: 304
Release: 2002
Genre: Political Science
ISBN:
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Megacities such as Santiago are becoming a worldwide phenomenon. In six of eleven South American countries, over 25 percent of the population lives in a single city. What policies should national governments adopt with regard to dominant metropolises? Is it appropriate to restrict the flow of population to big cities? Or should governments take a laissez-faire attitude and permit city growth? Focusing on Chile, this book argues that appropriate government action lies between these extremes. The authors espouse spatial policies that mitigate the social costs of congestion and pollution but also ensure that migrants pay the social costs of moving to big cities.

The Political Economy of Land Use Governance in Santiago, Chile and Its Implications for Class-Based Segregation

The Political Economy of Land Use Governance in Santiago, Chile and Its Implications for Class-Based Segregation
Author: Diego Gil
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:
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Despite decades of economic development and the general improvement in the quality of life of its people, Santiago, the capital of Chile, presents high levels of residential segregation along socioeconomic lines. A debate about legal reforms to address this phenomenon is currently occurring. Chile has an expansive regime of housing assistance programs based on demand-side individual subsidies especially targeted to low-income families. These programs have provided massive access to formal housing, but have routinely failed in addressing the problem of class-based segregation. These subsidies operate in a highly regulated market, where many interrelated institutions exercise urban policy powers. The objective of this paper is to analyze whether and how the land use governance regime that governs Santiago's urban development has an impact in the pattern of social segregation. The paper finds that Santiago's metropolitan area presents a complex regulatory scenario in the realm of land use, mainly involving the Ministry of Housing and Urbanism (MHU) and its fifty-two municipalities. The research also finds that through the exercise of multiple ad- ministrative and regulatory mechanisms, municipalities are increas- ingly using their power to guide the urban development in their corresponding districts. However, this is largely contingent on the bu- reaucratic and financial situation of the local government, its social needs, and the political pressure it faces. Some municipalities are subject to intense lobbying from real estate developers, landowners, and residents' organizations. Therefore, the regulatory possibilities among Santiago's local governments vary dramatically. This fragmented scenario impacts the way public officials perceive the relationship between land use governance and segregation. Some observe that the law establishes strong obstacles to residential integration. Others emphasize the lack of incentives to produce inclusion- ary housing projects. Finally, a third group considers that segregation is beyond the scope of their concern. This is especially observed in high-income districts. The findings of this paper support the idea that social housing policies based on subsidies cannot be the only remedy for socioeconomic residential segregation. Without addressing the institutional choices and incentives created by Chilean land use regulatory framework and how this institutional structure operates in practice, social integration within Santiago's metropolitan area will remain an unattainable ideal.

Chile

Chile
Author: D. Hojman
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 256
Release: 1993-01-15
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0230376657
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In 1990, after almost 17 years of military rule, Chile became the only Latin American country where a democratic regime coexists with free market policies which actually work. The book explores this paradox, and it examines the prospects for future economic growth with income redistribution under free market rules and democratic politics. The author examines amongst other things, short-term policymaking, education, health, the labour market, women, the middle sectors, privatisation, market imperfections, the state, non-government organisations, external trade, the financial sector and the external debt.

The Political Economy of Housing

The Political Economy of Housing
Author: Sila Demirors
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 348
Release: 2023-04-12
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 9004539905
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In The Political Economy of Housing: The Case of Turkey, Sila Demirors explores the analytical and historical process of how housing, a special use-value and social relation, which is crucial for the social reproduction of labour-power, becomes an instrument of speculative finance to feed itself. While the second part of the book discusses the political economy of housing in Turkey, in which housing has been used by the state as both a political project and a macroeconomic tool for the last two decades, the first part of the book formulates a methodological and theoretical framework to provide a comprehensive approach for comparative housing research from a Marxist political economy perspective.

For a Proper Home

For a Proper Home
Author: Edward Murphy
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
Total Pages: 377
Release: 2015-01-15
Genre: History
ISBN: 0822980215
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From 1967 to 1973, a period that culminated in the socialist project of Salvador Allende, nearly 400,000 low-income Chileans illegally seized parcels of land on the outskirts of Santiago. Remarkably, today almost all of these individuals live in homes with property titles. As Edward Murphy shows, this transformation came at a steep price, through an often-violent political and social struggle that continues to this day. In analyzing the causes and consequences of this struggle, Murphy reveals a crucial connection between homeownership and understandings of proper behavior and governance. This link between property and propriety has been at the root of a powerful, contested urban politics central to both social activism and urban development projects. Through projects of reform, revolution, and reaction, a right to housing and homeownership has been a significant symbol of governmental benevolence and poverty reduction. Under Pinochet's neoliberalism, subsidized housing and slum eradication programs displaced many squatters, while awarding them homes of their own. This process, in addition to ongoing forms of activism, has permitted the vast majority of squatters to live in homes with property titles, a momentous change of the past half-century. This triumph is tempered by the fact that today the urban poor struggle with high levels of unemployment and underemployment, significant debt, and a profoundly segregated and hostile urban landscape. They also find it more difficult to mobilize than in the past, and as homeowners they can no longer rally around the cause of housing rights. Citing cultural theorists from Marx to Foucault, Murphy directly links the importance of home ownership and property rights among Santiago's urban poor to definitions of Chilean citizenship and propriety. He explores how the deeply embedded liberal belief system of individual property ownership has shaped political, social, and physical landscapes in the city. His approach sheds light on the role that social movements and the gendered contours of home life have played in the making of citizenship. It also illuminates processes through which squatters have received legally sanctioned homes of their own, a phenomenon of critical importance in cities throughout much of Latin America and the Global South.

Housing and Neighborhood Dynamics

Housing and Neighborhood Dynamics
Author: John F. Kain
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 294
Release: 1985
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780674409309
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This book assesses the effects of spatially concentrated programs for housing and neighborhood improvement. These programs provide direct assistance to low-income property owners in an attempt to arrest neighborhood decline and encourage revitalization. The authors used the Harvard Urban Development Simulation Model (HUDS) in evaluating these programs. HUDS, a large-scale computer model, represents the process of housing rehabilitation, the production and consumption of housing services, household moving decisions, and other determinant of neighborhood change. The model simulates the behavior of approximately 80,000 individual households in two hundred residential neighborhoods of various quality levels. Unlike more aggregate models of urban development, HUDS has the capacity to identify how specific housing policies affect individual households as well as particular neighborhoods. Since program evaluations are no better than the models on which they are based, the authors provide sufficient detail to permit those readers primarily interested in the policy analysis to assess the methodology and to understandhow the policies are represented in the model; a more technical discussion of the model is then presented in appendixes. Although the simulations focus on policies that induce central-city property owners to upgrade their properties and thus stimulate revitalization, many of the authors' findings are relevant to larger issues of urban development. For example, the analysis of how housing rehabilitation subsidies affect the investment behavior of nonsubsidized property owners provides insights about the link between initial upgrading and sustained neighborhood improvement. The analysis also demonstrates how differences in location, household, and housing stock characteristics affect a particular neighborhood's responsiveness to a common policy initiative.