Pion Nucleon Scattering At 310 Mev PDF Download

"One of the central problems in nuclear physics is the determination of the forces which bind nuclei together. A few facts were obtained in the beginning from the vast collection of data on the binding energies of nuclei. In order to account for saturation, Heisenberg (1) and Majorana (2) introduced the idea of exchange forces, somewhat akin to the exchange forces which occur in molecular binding. These forces give rise to spin and parity dependence in the interaction. From the large ratio of the binding energy of the alpha particle to that of the deuteron, Wigner (3) deduced that the forces were short ranged and very strong within that range." --