Physiological And Agronomic Characterization Of Post Flowering Heat Stress In Wild Wheat And Robertsonian Translocation Species PDF Download
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Author | : Bustamante Carlos |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2020 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Physiological and Agronomic Characterization of Post-flowering Heat Stress in Wild Wheat and Robertsonian Translocation Species Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Heat stress during flowering and grain-fill stages is a major environmental factor affecting winter wheat production in the Great Plains of the United States. Wild emmer wheat (Triticum diccocoides) is an annual grass species native to the Fertile Crescent and is hypothesized to have a large genetic diversity for improving cultivated wheat. Similarly, Aegilops speltoides is known to possess a higher level of tolerance to abiotic stresses, including heat. The hypothesis is that the chromosomal segment from A. speltoides incorporated into commercial wheat varieties will help enhance heat stress tolerance in winter wheat. The potential of wild wheat species in helping address heat stress damage in cultivated wheat has not been fully explored. Therefore, the major objective of this research project was to capture the genetic variability for post-flowering heat tolerance and asses the physiological and agronomic responses in wild emmer wheat and Robertsonian translocation lines. Chromosomal segments from A. speltoides were incorporated into adapted wheat background, creating Robertsonian translocation lines (RobT's) (Triticum aestivum-Aegilops speltoides). In the first study, 28 different wild wheat entries were grown under control treatment (25°C) and transferred to high day temperature treatment (35°C) at first signs of flowering and exposed to heat stress for 21 days. Plants exposed to heat stress reached physiological maturity faster, and recorded a significant reduction in yield. Photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll fluorescence were rapidly reduced under heat stress. A moderate range in tolerance to heat stress was identified within the wild wheat with certain accessions having a comparatively higher level of tolerance to heat stress. In the second study a set of 20 RobT's, along with their parental lines were exposed to heat stress (35°C) at flowering for 21 days. Certain RobT's outperformed the parent lines, recording a higher photosynthesis rate, maintaining chlorophyll index through an extended period of stress, as well as recording higher yield and lower heat susceptibility index. The findings indicate that the genetic potential in wild wheat, especially RobT's can be exploited to enhance terminal heat stress in winter wheat. Therefore, wild wheat needs to be explored further and genomic regions inducing greater tolerance to abiotic stresses needs to be incorporated into breeding programs to enhance resilience of popular wheat varieties to current and future warmer climate.
Author | : Blake Leo Bergkamp |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Physiological and Agronomic Characterization of Post-flowering Heat Stress in Winter Wheat Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Post-flowering heat stress is one of the major environmental constraints for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the state of Kansas, where wheat is the most widely grown grain crop. Studies have shown that the optimal temperature for wheat grain development is approximately 21°C. During the grain filling stage for wheat in Kansas, it is fairly common for temperatures to reach more than 30°C and above. These scenarios have resulted in lower productivity and yield in Kansas compared to other regions of the United States. Therefore the objectives of this research project included: phenotyping seven Kansas varieties for post-flowering heat tolerance in a controlled environment growth chamber study as well as in two field experiments, estimation of spike and flag leaf senescence in wheat exposed to post-flowering heat stress, and identifying potential genetic donors for heat tolerance from winter wheat breeding lines and Near Isogenic Lines developed from Kansas State University's Wheat Breeding Program. To impose heat stress in the controlled growth chambers, plants grown at 25°C were transferred to high day temperature (35°C) chambers ten days after the first sign of anthesis. Under field conditions, custom built "heat tents" were placed over the wheat plots ten days after first flowering and remained until maturity. Plants grown under heat stress exhibited early senescence, indicating a shorter grain filling period compared to the controls. Early-maturing varieties recorded greater percent reductions in grain yield under heat stress. Post-flowering heat stress induced significant reductions in thousand kernel weight, grain number, harvest index, and grain yield. Spike and flag leaves effective quantum yield of PSII was reduced more drastically under growth chamber stress exposure compared to field grown plants. Significant genetic variation in the spike and flag leaf senescence initiation and the differential rate of senescence among the seven tested varieties suggested the potential for considering this trait in breeding programs. Compared to the commercially relevant varieties, breeding lines varied less under heat stress with a few lines recording a greater degree of heat resilience and experienced little to no drop off in heat stress conditions compared to control. The reduced performance under heat stress for the seven varieties highlights the genuine need to explore wider genetic diversity, including wild wheat, to infuse greater resilience into ongoing wheat breeding programs. However, the results observed in the breeding lines indicate that introducing larger genetic diversity may aid in developing greater heat stress resilient wheat varieties for current and future changing climate.
Author | : Mohar Singh |
Publisher | : Newnes |
Total Pages | : 322 |
Release | : 2013-07-18 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0123984947 |
Download Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Grain legumes, including common-bean, chickpea, pigeonpea, pea, cowpea, lentil and others, form important constituents of global diets, both vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Despite this significant role, global production has increased only marginally in the past 50 years. The slow production growth, along with a rising human population and improved buying capacity has substantially reduced the per capita availability of food legumes. Changes in environmental climate have also had significant impact on production, creating a need to identify stable donors among genetic resources for environmentally robust genes and designing crops resilient to climate change. Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement is the first book to bring together the latest resources in plant genetics and genomics to facilitate the identification of specific germplasm, trait mapping and allele mining to more effectively develop biotic and abiotic-stress-resistant grains. This book will be an invaluable resource for researchers, crop biologists and students working with crop development. Explores origin, distribution and diversity of grain legumes Presents information on germplasm collection, evaluation and maintenance Offers insight into pre-breeding/germplasm enhancement efforts Integrates genomic and genetic resources in crop improvement Internationally contributed work
Author | : Satbir Singh Gosal |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 370 |
Release | : 2019-08-31 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9783030069100 |
Download Biotechnologies of Crop Improvement, Volume 3 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Ashok Shrawat |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 274 |
Release | : 2018-07-28 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3319929585 |
Download Engineering Nitrogen Utilization in Crop Plants Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book discusses and addresses the rapidly increasing world population demand for food, which is expected to double by 2050. To meet these demands farmers will need to improve crop productivity, which relies heavily on nitrogen (N) fertilization. Production of N fertilizers, however, consumes huge amounts of energy and the loss of excess N fertilizers to leaching results in the pollution of waterways and oceans. Therefore, increasing plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is essential to help farmers produce more while conserving the environment. This book assembles some of the best work of top researchers from academic and industrial institutions in the area of NUE and provides valuable insight to scholars and researchers by its comprehensive discussion of current and future strategies to improve NUE through genetic manipulation. This book should also be highly valuable to policy makers, environmentalists, farmers, biotechnology executives, and to the hard-core researchers working in the lab.
Author | : Mohar Singh |
Publisher | : Academic Press |
Total Pages | : 386 |
Release | : 2015-11-10 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0128020377 |
Download Genetic and Genomic Resources for Grain Cereals Improvement Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Genetic and Genomic Resources For Cereals Improvement is the first book to bring together the latest available genetic resources and genomics to facilitate the identification of specific germplasm, trait mapping, and allele mining that are needed to more effectively develop biotic and abiotic-stress-resistant grains. As grain cereals, including rice, wheat, maize, barley, sorghum, and millets constitute the bulk of global diets, both of vegetarian and non-vegetarian, there is a greater need for further genetic improvement, breeding, and plant genetic resources to secure the future food supply. This book is an invaluable resource for researchers, crop biologists, and students working with crop development and the changes in environmental climate that have had significant impact on crop production. It includes the latest information on tactics that ensure that environmentally robust genes and crops resilient to climate change are identified and preserved. Provides a single-volume resource on the global research work on grain cereals genetics and genomics Presents information for effectively managing and utilizing the genetic resources of this core food supply source Includes coverage of rice, wheat, maize, barley, sorghum, and pearl, finger and foxtail millets
Author | : Zhanjiang (John) Liu |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 579 |
Release | : 2008-02-28 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 0470276339 |
Download Aquaculture Genome Technologies Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Genomics is a rapidly growing scientific field with applications ranging from improved disease resistance to increased rate of growth. Aquaculture Genome Technologies comprehensively covers the field of genomics and its applications to the aquaculture industry. This volume looks to bridge the gap between a basic understanding of genomic technology to its practical use in the aquaculture industry.
Author | : Xianming Chen |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 723 |
Release | : 2017-07-11 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9402411119 |
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This book comprehensively introduces stripe rust disease, its development and its integral control. Covering the biology, genetics, genome, and functional genomics of the pathogen, it also discusses host and non-host resistance, their interactions and the epidemiology of the disease. It is intended for scientists, postgraduates and undergraduate studying stripe rust, plant pathology, crop breeding, crop protection and agricultural science, but is also a valuable reference book for consultants and administrators in agricultural businesses and education.
Author | : Francois Pompanon |
Publisher | : Humana Press |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2012-05-28 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9781617798696 |
Download Data Production and Analysis in Population Genomics Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Population genomics is a recently emerged discipline, which aims at understanding how evolutionary processes influence genetic variation across genomes. Today, in the era of cheaper next-generation sequencing, it is no longer as daunting to obtain whole genome data for any species of interest and population genomics is now conceivable in a wide range of fields, from medicine and pharmacology to ecology and evolutionary biology. However, because of the lack of reference genome and of enough a priori data on the polymorphism, population genomics analyses of populations will still involve higher constraints for researchers working on non-model organisms, as regards the choice of the genotyping/sequencing technique or that of the analysis methods. Therefore, Data Production and Analysis in Population Genomics purposely puts emphasis on protocols and methods that are applicable to species where genomic resources are still scarce. It is divided into three convenient sections, each one tackling one of the main challenges facing scientists setting up a population genomics study. The first section helps devising a sampling and/or experimental design suitable to address the biological question of interest. The second section addresses how to implement the best genotyping or sequencing method to obtain the required data given the time and cost constraints as well as the other genetic resources already available, Finally, the last section is about making the most of the (generally huge) dataset produced by using appropriate analysis methods in order to reach a biologically relevant conclusion. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, advice on methodology and implementation, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Data Production and Analysis in Population Genomics serves a wide readership by providing guidelines to help choose and implement the best experimental or analytical strategy for a given purpose.
Author | : Nigel Maxted |
Publisher | : CABI |
Total Pages | : 387 |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : Nature |
ISBN | : 1845938518 |
Download Agrobiodiversity Conservation Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Based on the 2010 conference "Towards the establishment of genetic reserves for crop wild relatives and landraces in Europe", this book is the cutting edge discussion of agrobiodiversity conservation. By considering the benefits of understanding and preserving crop wild relatives and landraces, it encompasses issues as wide-ranging and topical as habitat protection, ecosystem health and food security. Focusing on Europe, but globally relevant, Agrobiodiversity Conservation is ideal for postgraduate students of conservation and environmental studies, conservation professionals, policy makers and researchers.