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Physics 1971-1980

Physics 1971-1980
Author: Stig Lundqvist
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 622
Release: 1992
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9789810207274

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These volumes are collections of the Nobel Lectures delivered by the prizewinners, together with their biographies, portraits and the presentation speeches for the period 1971 ? 1990. Each Nobel Lecture is based on the work that won the laureate his prize. New biographical data of the laureates, since they were awarded the Nobel Prize, are also included. These volumes of inspiring lectures by outstanding physicists should be on the bookshelf of every keen student, teacher and professor of physics as well as those in related fields.Below is a list of the prizewinners during the period 1971?1980 with a description of the works which won them their prizes: (1971) D GABOR ? for his invention and development of the holographic method; (1972) J BARDEEN, L N COOPER & J R SCHRIEFFER ? for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory; (1973) L ESAKI & I GIAEVER ? for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively; B D JOSEPHSON ? for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects; (1974) M RYLE & A HEWISH ? for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars; (1975) A BOHR, B MOTTELSON & J RAINWATER ? for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection; (1976) B RICHTER & S C C TING ? for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind; (1977) P W ANDERSON, N F MOTT & J H VAN VLECK ? for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems; (1978) P L KAPITSA ? for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics; A A PENZIAS & R W WILSON ? for their discoveries of cosmic microwave background radiation; (1979) S L GLASHOW, A SALAM & S WEINBERG ? for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current; (1980) J W CRONIN & V L FITCH ? for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons.


Physics: 1971-1980

Physics: 1971-1980
Author: Nobelstiftelsen
Publisher:
Total Pages: 628
Release: 1964
Genre: Essays
ISBN:

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Nobel Laureates and Twentieth-Century Physics

Nobel Laureates and Twentieth-Century Physics
Author: Mauro Dardo
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 556
Release: 2004-10-14
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 9780521540087

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In this richly-illustrated 2004 book the author combines history with real science. Using an original approach he presents the major achievements of twentieth-century physics - for example, relativity, quantum mechanics, atomic and nuclear physics, the invention of the transistor and the laser, superconductivity, binary pulsars, and the Bose-Einstein condensate - each as they emerged as the product of the genius of those physicists whose labours, since 1901, have been crowned with a Nobel Prize. Here, in the form of a year-by-year chronicle, biographies and revealing personal anecdotes help bring to life the main events of the past hundred years. The work of the most famous physicists of the twentieth century - great names, like the Curies, Bohr, Heisenberg, Einstein, Fermi, Feynman, Gell-Mann, Rutherford, and Schrödinger - is presented, often in the words and imagery of the prize-winners themselves.


Non-accelerator Particle Physics: Proceedings Of The International Conference

Non-accelerator Particle Physics: Proceedings Of The International Conference
Author: R Cowsik
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 591
Release: 1995-08-31
Genre:
ISBN: 9814550663

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This international conference focussed on several exciting frontier areas of particle physics at energy scales not realizable in terrestrial accelerators and their significance in the fields of astrophysics and cosmology. The topics discussed included physics beyond the standard model, violations of discrete symmetries, neutrino physics, neutrino astronomy, experimental detection of dark matter, gravitation and feebler new forces, cosmic rays, etc. Some of the highlights are the latest results from the Kamiokande neutrino detector and status reports on experimental facilities under commission to detect solar and atmospheric neutrinos, WIMP's and dark matter candidates.


Physics of Particles, Nuclei and Materials

Physics of Particles, Nuclei and Materials
Author: Raj K. Gupta
Publisher: Alpha Science Int'l Ltd.
Total Pages: 312
Release: 2002
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9788173194757

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Presents latest developments in the fields of high, intermediate and low energy physics as well as in molecular and solid materials. With a detailed introduction, the subject matter is reviewed to its latest status, such as: High energy physics _ empirical approach systematizing the information on masses & spins etc, fundamental theories of antimatter, quarks & neutrino mass Intermediate energy _ hot and dense nuclear matter Low energy physics _ nuclear mass formula, "halo" structure of light, cold nuclear phenomena (i.e., cold fission) Solid materials _ carbon clusters, semiconductors and phenomenon of atomic diffusion in solids Illustrating both present and future possibilities of new electrochromic materials and devices along with advances in Physics of molecular fluids and molecular materials in cosmic objects.


How the Hippies Saved Physics: Science, Counterculture, and the Quantum Revival

How the Hippies Saved Physics: Science, Counterculture, and the Quantum Revival
Author: David Kaiser
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Total Pages: 549
Release: 2011-06-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 039308230X

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"How the Hippies Saved Physics gives us an unconventional view of some unconventional people engaged early in the fundamentals of quantum theory. Great fun to read." —Anton Zeilinger, Nobel laureate in physics The surprising story of eccentric young scientists—among them Nobel laureates John Clauser and Alain Aspect—who stood up to convention and changed the face of modern physics. Today, quantum information theory is among the most exciting scientific frontiers, attracting billions of dollars in funding and thousands of talented researchers. But as MIT physicist and historian David Kaiser reveals, this cutting-edge field has a surprisingly psychedelic past. How the Hippies Saved Physics introduces us to a band of freewheeling physicists who defied the imperative to “shut up and calculate” and helped to rejuvenate modern physics. For physicists, the 1970s were a time of stagnation. Jobs became scarce, and conformity was encouraged, sometimes stifling exploration of the mysteries of the physical world. Dissatisfied, underemployed, and eternally curious, an eccentric group of physicists in Berkeley, California, banded together to throw off the constraints of the physics mainstream and explore the wilder side of science. Dubbing themselves the “Fundamental Fysiks Group,” they pursued an audacious, speculative approach to physics. They studied quantum entanglement and Bell’s Theorem through the lens of Eastern mysticism and psychic mind-reading, discussing the latest research while lounging in hot tubs. Some even dabbled with LSD to enhance their creativity. Unlikely as it may seem, these iconoclasts spun modern physics in a new direction, forcing mainstream physicists to pay attention to the strange but exciting underpinnings of quantum theory. A lively, entertaining story that illuminates the relationship between creativity and scientific progress, How the Hippies Saved Physics takes us to a time when only the unlikeliest heroes could break the science world out of its rut.


Physics of Amorphous Metals

Physics of Amorphous Metals
Author: Nikolai P. Kovalenko
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 296
Release: 2008-09-08
Genre: Science
ISBN: 352762242X

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The discovery of bulk metallic glasses has led to a large increase in the industrial importance of amorphous metals, and this is expected to continue. This book is the first to describe the theoretical physics of amorphous metals, including the important theoretical development of the last 20 years. The renowned authors stress the universal aspects in their description of the phonon or magnon low-energy excitations in the amorphous metals, e.g. concerning the remarkable consequences of the properties of these excitations for the thermodynamics at low and intermediate temperatures. Tunneling excitations - another universal aspect of amorphous systems and responsible for many of their properties - is also intensively treated. Although the book is focused on analytical approaches, it also describes the numerical calculation of the atomic structure, the electronic excitations, and the itinerant magnetic properties of amorphous metallic alloys, while considering modern applications. While both theorists and experimentalist interested in amorphous metals will profit from this book, it will also be useful supplementary reading in courses on solid-state physics and material sciences.


The Rise and Fall of American Technology

The Rise and Fall of American Technology
Author: Lynn G. Gref
Publisher: Algora Publishing
Total Pages: 222
Release: 2010
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0875867537

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He contrasts the commonly-held perception that the pace of technology is accelerating with the historical record. He highlights the people and the organizations which are responsible for America's technological largesse. The book "follows the money" to uncover the underlying trends. The beginning of a decline in technology development is detected using indirect indicators for clues. Impacts on the formation of companies, employment and productivity provide sobering reasons to enlighten others and demand a change in course. After considering the possibilities, the book proposes several constructive actions which avoid the proverbial tendency to "throw more money at the problem." The goal of the book is to provoke discussion and promote action where appropriate. Americans' standard of living is at stake. Tech-savvy readers will want to understand this issue so as to influence others. Long-range thinkers will want to factor these considerations into their prognostications. The titans of the technology-based companies can develop new and improved strategies based on the findings of this book. And, our elected officials may want to act before a catastrophic disaster confronts the nation. This book will strike a chord with everyone who is interested in America's future economic health. Specific audience groups include scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs, employees in technology based companies, government and corporate policymakers deciding the future of research and development (R&D) programs, government workers involved in the execution of government R&D programs and those thinking about a career in R&D. It is complementary to such works as Politics and Economics in America: The Way We Came to Be, by Richard E. Carmichael (Krieger Publishing Company, 1998), which explores political and economic history in order to explain the emergence of the United States' world economic dominance. Carmichael's book makes recommendations on how government could assist America's businesses in maintaining our economic leadership, but it does not address any aspects of technology development and associated issues. Closing the Innovation Gap by Judy Estrin (McGraw Hill, 2009), provides business leaders with concepts for leading their organizations so as to close the innovation gap with competitors. It focuses on the innovation environment within the organization, whereas Dr. Gref addresses the complete technology development cycle, its financing, America's rise to global dominance, and the specter of a national decline.


Physics of the Sun

Physics of the Sun
Author: P.A. Sturrock
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 394
Release: 2013-12-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9401096368

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This volume, together with its two companion volumes, originated in a study commis sioned by the United States National Academy of Sciences on behalf of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. A committee composed of Tom Holzer, Dimitri Mihalas, Roger Ulrich and myself was asked to prepare a comprehensive review of current knowledge concerning the physics of the sun. We were fortunate in being able to persuade many distinguished scientists to gather their forces for the preparation of 21 separate chapters covering not only. solar physics but also relevant areas of astrophysics and solar-terrestrial relations. In proved necessary to divide the chapters into three separate volumes that cover three different aspects of solar physics. Volumes I and III are concerned with "The Solar Interior" and with "Astrophysics and Solar-Terrestrial Relations." This volume, devoted to "The Solar Atmosphere," covers not only the chromosphere and corona but also the principal phenomena usually referred to as "solar activity." The emphasis is on identifying and analyzing the relevant physical processes, but each chapter also contains a great deal of descriptive material.


Semiconductor Physics

Semiconductor Physics
Author: Karlheinz Seeger
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 492
Release: 2013-03-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3662025760

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Televisions, telephones, watches, calculators, robots, airplanes and space vehicles all depend on silicon chips. Life as we know it would hardly be possible without semiconductor devices. An understanding of how these devices work requires a detailed knowledge of the physics of semiconductors, including charge transport and the emission and absorption of electromagnetic waves. This book may serve both as a university textbook and as a reference for research and microelectronics engineering. Each section of the book begins with a description of an experiment. The theory is then developed as far as necessary to understand the experimental results. Everyone with high-school mathematics should be able to follow the calculations. A band structure calculation for the diamond lattice is supplemented with a personal computer program. Semiconductor physics developed most rapidly in the two decades following the invention of the transistor, and naturally most of the references date from this time. But recent developments such as the Gunn effect, the acoustoelectric effect, superlattices, quantum well structures, and the integral and fractional quantum Hall effect are also discussed. The book has appeared in translation in Russian, Chinese and Japanese.