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Understanding, Explanation, and Scientific Knowledge

Understanding, Explanation, and Scientific Knowledge
Author: Kareem Khalifa
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 265
Release: 2017-10-05
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1107195632

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The first comprehensive exploration of the nature and value of understanding, addressing burgeoning debates in epistemology and philosophy of science.


How We Understand Others

How We Understand Others
Author: Shannon Spaulding
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 157
Release: 2018-05-15
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1315396041

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In our everyday social interactions, we try to make sense of what people are thinking, why they act as they do, and what they are likely to do next. This process is called mindreading. Mindreading, Shannon Spaulding argues in this book, is central to our ability to understand and interact with others. Philosophers and cognitive scientists have converged on the idea that mindreading involves theorizing about and simulating others’ mental states. She argues that this view of mindreading is limiting and outdated. Most contemporary views of mindreading vastly underrepresent the diversity and complexity of mindreading. She articulates a new theory of mindreading that takes into account cutting edge philosophical and empirical research on in-group/out-group dynamics, social biases, and how our goals and the situational context influence how we interpret others’ behavior. Spaulding's resulting theory of mindreading provides a more accurate, comprehensive, and perhaps pessimistic view of our abilities to understand others, with important epistemological and ethical implications. Deciding who is trustworthy, knowledgeable, and competent are epistemically and ethically fraught judgments: her new theory of mindreading sheds light on how these judgments are made and the conditions under which they are unreliable. This book will be of great interest to students of philosophy of psychology, philosophy of mind, applied epistemology, cognitive science and moral psychology, as well as those interested in conceptual issues in psychology.


Understanding Philosophy of Science

Understanding Philosophy of Science
Author: James Ladyman
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 312
Release: 2012-08-06
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1134597908

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Few can imagine a world without telephones or televisions; many depend on computers and the Internet as part of daily life. Without scientific theory, these developments would not have been possible. In this exceptionally clear and engaging introduction to philosophy of science, James Ladyman explores the philosophical questions that arise when we reflect on the nature of the scientific method and the knowledge it produces. He discusses whether fundamental philosophical questions about knowledge and reality might be answered by science, and considers in detail the debate between realists and antirealists about the extent of scientific knowledge. Along the way, central topics in philosophy of science, such as the demarcation of science from non-science, induction, confirmation and falsification, the relationship between theory and observation and relativism are all addressed. Important and complex current debates over underdetermination, inference to the best explaination and the implications of radical theory change are clarified and clearly explained for those new to the subject.


Understanding Institutions

Understanding Institutions
Author: Francesco Guala
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 254
Release: 2016-07-12
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0691171785

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A groundbreaking new synthesis and theory of social institutions Understanding Institutions proposes a new unified theory of social institutions that combines the best insights of philosophers and social scientists who have written on this topic. Francesco Guala presents a theory that combines the features of three influential views of institutions: as equilibria of strategic games, as regulative rules, and as constitutive rules. Guala explains key institutions like money, private property, and marriage, and develops a much-needed unification of equilibrium- and rules-based approaches. Although he uses game theory concepts, the theory is presented in a simple, clear style that is accessible to a wide audience of scholars working in different fields. Outlining and discussing various implications of the unified theory, Guala addresses venerable issues such as reflexivity, realism, Verstehen, and fallibilism in the social sciences. He also critically analyses the theory of "looping effects" and "interactive kinds" defended by Ian Hacking, and asks whether it is possible to draw a demarcation between social and natural science using the criteria of causal and ontological dependence. Focusing on current debates about the definition of marriage, Guala shows how these abstract philosophical issues have important practical and political consequences. Moving beyond specific cases to general models and principles, Understanding Institutions offers new perspectives on what institutions are, how they work, and what they can do for us.


Explaining Understanding

Explaining Understanding
Author: Stephen R. Grimm
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 534
Release: 2016-10-04
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1317414160

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What does it mean to understand something? What types of understanding can be distinguished? Is understanding always provided by explanations? And how is it related to knowledge? Such questions have attracted considerable interest in epistemology recently. These discussions, however, have not yet engaged insights about explanations and theories developed in philosophy of science. Conversely, philosophers of science have debated the nature of explanations and theories, while dismissing understanding as a psychological by-product. In this book, epistemologists and philosophers of science together address basic questions about the nature of understanding, providing a new overview of the field. False theories, cognitive bias, transparency, coherency, and other important issues are discussed. Its 15 original chapters are essential reading for researchers and graduate students interested in the current debates about understanding.


Philosophy of Physics

Philosophy of Physics
Author: David Wallace
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 169
Release: 2021
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0198814321

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Philosophy of physics is concerned with the deepest theories of modern physics - quantum theory, our theories of space, time and symmetry, and thermal physics - and their strange, even bizarre conceptual implications. This book explores the core topics in philosophy of physics, and discusses their relevance for both scientists and philosophers.


Philosophy of Emerging Media

Philosophy of Emerging Media
Author: Juliet Floyd
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 465
Release: 2015-10-01
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 0190463864

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The term "emerging media" responds to the "big data" now available as a result of the larger role digital media play in everyday life, as well as the notion of "emergence" that has grown across the architecture of science and technology over the last two decades with increasing imbrication. The permeation of everyday life by emerging media is evident, ubiquitous, and destined to accelerate. No longer are images, institutions, social networks, thoughts, acts of communication, emotions and speech-the "media" by means of which we express ourselves in daily life-linked to clearly demarcated, stable entities and contexts. Instead, the loci of meaning within which these occur shift and evolve quickly, emerging in far-reaching ways we are only beginning to learn and bring about. This volume's purpose is to develop, broaden and spark future philosophical discussion of emerging media and their ways of shaping and reshaping the habitus within which everyday lives are to be understood. Drawing from the history of philosophy ideas of influential thinkers in the past, intellectual path makers on the contemporary scene offer new philosophical perspectives, laying the groundwork for future work in philosophy and in media studies. On diverse topics such as identity, agency, reality, mentality, time, aesthetics, representation, consciousness, materiality, emergence, and human nature, the questions addressed here consider the extent to which philosophy should or should not take us to be facing a fundamental transformation.


Understanding Scientific Understanding

Understanding Scientific Understanding
Author: Henk W. de Regt
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 321
Release: 2017
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0190652918

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Putting scientific understanding center-stage within the study of scientific explanations, Understanding Scientific Understanding develops and defends a philosophical theory of scientific understanding that can describe and explain the historical variation of criteria for understanding actually employed by scientists. Book jacket.


Primary Readings in Philosophy for Understanding Theology

Primary Readings in Philosophy for Understanding Theology
Author: Diogenes Allen
Publisher: Westminster John Knox Press
Total Pages: 324
Release: 1992-01-01
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 9780664252083

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Knowledge of key philosophic terms or concepts is vital to the understanding of many issues in Christian theology. This new anthology provides primary texts undergirding Diogenes Allen's earlier work, Philosophy for Understanding Theology, making for a valuable theological resource.


Understanding African Philosophy

Understanding African Philosophy
Author: Richard H. Bell
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 212
Release: 2002
Genre: Philosophie africaine
ISBN: 9780415939379

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First Published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.