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Philosophical Lectures on Probability

Philosophical Lectures on Probability
Author: Bruno de Finetti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 239
Release: 2008-05-20
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1402082010

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Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985) is the founder of the subjective interpretation of probability, together with the British philosopher Frank Plumpton Ramsey. His related notion of “exchangeability” revolutionized the statistical methodology. This book (based on a course held in 1979) explains in a language accessible also to non-mathematicians the fundamental tenets and implications of subjectivism, according to which the probability of any well specified fact F refers to the degree of belief actually held by someone, on the ground of her whole knowledge, on the truth of the assertion that F obtains.


Philosophy of Probability and Statistical Modelling

Philosophy of Probability and Statistical Modelling
Author: Mauricio Suárez
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages:
Release: 2021-01-21
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1108983847

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This Element has two main aims. The first one (sections 1-7) is an historically informed review of the philosophy of probability. It describes recent historiography, lays out the distinction between subjective and objective notions, and concludes by applying the historical lessons to the main interpretations of probability. The second aim (sections 8-13) focuses entirely on objective probability, and advances a number of novel theses regarding its role in scientific practice. A distinction is drawn between traditional attempts to interpret chance, and a novel methodological study of its application. A radical form of pluralism is then introduced, advocating a tripartite distinction between propensities, probabilities and frequencies. Finally, a distinction is drawn between two different applications of chance in statistical modelling which, it is argued, vindicates the overall methodological approach. The ensuing conception of objective probability in practice is the 'complex nexus of chance'.


Philosophical Devices: Proofs, Probabilities, Possibilities, and Sets

Philosophical Devices: Proofs, Probabilities, Possibilities, and Sets
Author: David Papineau
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Total Pages: 224
Release: 2012-10-04
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0191656240

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This book is designed to explain the technical ideas that are taken for granted in much contemporary philosophical writing. Notions like denumerability, modal scope distinction, Bayesian conditionalization, and logical completeness are usually only elucidated deep within difficult specialist texts. By offering simple explanations that by-pass much irrelevant and boring detail, Philosophical Devices is able to cover a wealth of material that isnormally only available to specialists. The book contains four sections, each of three chapters. The first section is about sets and numbers, starting with the membership relation and ending with the generalized continuum hypothesis. The second is about analyticity, a prioricity, and necessity. The third is about probability, outlining the difference between objective and subjective probability and exploring aspects of conditionalization and correlation. The fourth deals with metalogic, focusing on the contrast between syntax andsemantics, and finishing with a sketch of Gödels theorem. Philosophical Devices will be useful for university students who have got past the foothills of philosophy and are starting to read more widely, but it does not assume any prior expertise. All the issues discussed are intrinsically interesting, and often downright fascinating. It can be read with pleasure and profit by anybody who is curious about the technical infrastructure of contemporary philosophy.


Probability and Evidence

Probability and Evidence
Author: Alfred Jules Ayer
Publisher: [London] : Macmillan
Total Pages: 144
Release: 1972-01-01
Genre: Belief and doubt
ISBN: 9780333127568

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In this new edition of Probability and Evidence, first published in 1972, one of the foremost analytical philosophers of the twentieth century addresses central questions in epistemology and the philosophy of science. Based on Ayer's influential Dewey Lectures of 1970, Probability and Evidence contains revised versions of the lectures and two additional essays. This new edition includes Graham Macdonald's extensive introduction explaining the book's importance and influence in contemporary philosophy.


Probability

Probability
Author: D. H. Mellor
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 174
Release: 2005
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 9780415282512

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This work presents the basic concepts of probability to philosophy students who are new to this area of the subject.


Philosophical Theories of Probability

Philosophical Theories of Probability
Author: Donald Gillies
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 239
Release: 2012-09-10
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1134672454

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The Twentieth Century has seen a dramatic rise in the use of probability and statistics in almost all fields of research. This has stimulated many new philosophical ideas on probability. Philosophical Theories of Probability is the first book to present a clear, comprehensive and systematic account of these various theories and to explain how they relate to one another. Gillies also offers a distinctive version of the propensity theory of probability, and the intersubjective interpretation, which develops the subjective theory.


Probability and Evidence

Probability and Evidence
Author: Alfred Jules Ayer
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Total Pages: 176
Release: 2006
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 9780231132756

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In this new edition of Probability and Evidence, first published in 1972, one of the foremost analytical philosophers of the twentieth century addresses central questions in epistemology and the philosophy of science. Based on Ayer's influential Dewey Lectures of 1970, Probability and Evidence contains revised versions of the lectures and two additional essays. This new edition includes Graham Macdonald's extensive introduction explaining the book's importance and influence in contemporary philosophy.


Bridging the Gap: Philosophy, Mathematics, and Physics

Bridging the Gap: Philosophy, Mathematics, and Physics
Author: G. Corsi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 330
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 9401124965

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Foundational questions in logic, mathematics, computer science and physics are constant sources of epistemological debate in contemporary philosophy. To what extent is the transfinite part of mathematics completely trustworthy? Why is there a general `malaise' concerning the logical approach to the foundations of mathematics? What is the role of symmetry in physics? Is it possible to build a coherent worldview compatible with a macroobjectivistic position and based on the quantum picture of the world? What account can be given of opinion change in the light of new evidence? These are some of the questions discussed in this volume, which collects 14 lectures on the foundation of science given at the School of Philosophy of Science, Trieste, October 1989. The volume will be of particular interest to any student or scholar engaged in interdisciplinary research into the foundations of science in the context of contemporary debates.


Philosophical Introduction to Probability

Philosophical Introduction to Probability
Author: Maria Carla Galavotti
Publisher: Stanford Univ Center for the Study
Total Pages: 265
Release: 2005-01
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 9781575864907

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Not limited to merely mathematics, probability has a rich and controversial philosophical aspect. A Philosophical Introduction to Probability showcases lesser-known philosophical notions of probability and explores the debate over their interpretations. Galavotti traces the history of probability and its mathematical properties and then discusses various philosophical positions on probability, from the Pierre Simon de Laplace's “classical” interpretation of probability to the logical interpretation proposed by John Maynard Keynes. This book is a valuable resource for students in philosophy and mathematics and all readers interested in notions of probability.


Lectures on Inductive Logic

Lectures on Inductive Logic
Author: Jon Williamson
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 217
Release: 2017
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0199666474

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Logic is a field studied mainly by researchers and students of philosophy, mathematics and computing. Inductive logic seeks to determine the extent to which the premisses of an argument entail its conclusion, aiming to provide a theory of how one should reason in the face of uncertainty. It has applications to decision making and artificial intelligence, as well as how scientists should reason when not in possession of the full facts. In this book, Jon Williamson embarks on a quest to find a general, reasonable, applicable inductive logic (GRAIL), all the while examining why pioneers such as Ludwig Wittgenstein and Rudolf Carnap did not entirely succeed in this task. Along the way he presents a general framework for the field, and reaches a new inductive logic, which builds upon recent developments in Bayesian epistemology (a theory about how strongly one should believe the various propositions that one can express). The book explores this logic in detail, discusses some key criticisms, and considers how it might be justified. Is this truly the GRAIL? Although the book presents new research, this material is well suited to being delivered as a series of lectures to students of philosophy, mathematics, or computing and doubles as an introduction to the field of inductive logic