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Infrared Space Interferometry: Astrophysics & the Study of Earth-Like Planets

Infrared Space Interferometry: Astrophysics & the Study of Earth-Like Planets
Author: C. Eiroa
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 333
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9401154686
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The past year has produced some of the most exciting results in the history of astronomy, particularly in the area of planets outside our solar system. Only a half-year before our meeting in Toledo, Spain, the first unambiguous detection of planet-sized masses orbiting main sequence stars were reported. Since that time, evidence for a new exo planet has been reported almost at the rate of about once per month. Some of these objects are likely to turn out to be very low-mass stars, but something like half show characteristics - Jupiter-like mass and near-zero orbital eccentricity - which appear to be unique to planets. Almost at the same time that giant planets were being discovered regularly, the two major space agencies, ESA and NASA, have iden tified searches for and detailed study of Earth-like planets as a major priority for the future. In ESA's "Horizon 2000 Plus" programme, an infrared interferometer has been proposed as a possible future Cor nerstone mission. Similarly, scientists in the US produced the "Road Map for the Exploration of Neighboring Planetary Systems (ExNPS)", which provided NASA with a long-term plan which leads also to an infrared interferometer in space to study hypothetical Earth-like worlds beyond our Solar System. Such an observatory is designed to search for the thermal emission from a family of planets, using interferometric nulling to remove the contaminating light from the central star.

Atom Interferometry

Atom Interferometry
Author: G.M. Tino
Publisher: IOS Press
Total Pages: 807
Release: 2014-10-16
Genre: Science
ISBN: 161499448X
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Since atom interferometers were first realized about 20 years ago, atom interferometry has had many applications in basic and applied science, and has been used to measure gravity acceleration, rotations and fundamental physical quantities with unprecedented precision. Future applications range from tests of general relativity to the development of next-generation inertial navigation systems. This book presents the lectures and notes from the Enrico Fermi school "Atom Interferometry", held in Varenna, Italy, in July 2013. The aim of the school was to cover basic experimental and theoretical aspects and to provide an updated review of current activities in the field as well as main achievements, open issues and future prospects. Topics covered include theoretical background and experimental schemes for atom interferometry; ultracold atoms and atom optics; comparison of atom, light, electron and neutron interferometers and their applications; high precision measurements with atom interferometry and their application to tests of fundamental physics, gravitation, inertial measurements and geophysics; measurement of fundamental constants; interferometry with quantum degenerate gases; matter wave interferometry beyond classical limits; large area interferometers; atom interferometry on chips; and interferometry with molecules. The book will be a valuable source of reference for students, newcomers and experts in the field of atom interferometry.

Very Long Baseline Interferometry

Very Long Baseline Interferometry
Author: Marcello Felli
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 436
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9400924283
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The quest for high resolution has preoccupied radio astronomers ever since radio waves were first detected from space fifty years ago. This venture was par ticularly stimulated by the discovery of quasars, and led to the development of interferometer techniques using baselines of transglobal dimensions. These meth ods have become known as Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). Arrays of radio telescopes situated all over the Earth (or even in space) are regularly used for researches in radio astronomy, reaching resolutions as small as a fraction of a milli arcsecond. The technique also allows the measurement of the positions of the radio telescopes to a few millimeters and so VLBI has become a major tool in geodesy and the study of the rotation of the Earth. VLBI has now passed the pioneer stage and is becoming a standard facility available to astronomers and geodesists, requiring the coordination of the operations of indpendently owned radio telescopes around the world. In Europe observatories from England, Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Poland, Sweden and The Netherlands are coordinated in their VLBI activity by the European VLBI Network Consortium (EVN). The Programme Committee of the EVN allocates time to scientific projects on a routine basis three times a year. The Unites States has a similar arrangement of a network of independent radio observatories, and joint experiments using 'Global Network' are often made.

Phase Estimation in Optical Interferometry

Phase Estimation in Optical Interferometry
Author: Pramod Rastogi
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 364
Release: 2014-11-21
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1466598328
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This book covers the essentials of phase-stepping algorithms used in interferometry and pseudointerferometric techniques. It presents the basic concepts and mathematics needed for understanding modern phase estimation methods. The book first focuses on phase retrieval from image transforms using a single frame. It then examines the local environment of a fringe pattern, the phase estimation approach based on local polynomial phase modeling, temporal high-resolution phase evaluation methods, and methods of phase unwrapping. It also discusses experimental imperfections liable to adversely influence the accuracy of phase measurements.

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 652
Release: 1994
Genre: Aeronautics
ISBN:
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Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

Working on the Fringe

Working on the Fringe
Author: Stephen C. Unwin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 528
Release: 1999
Genre: Science
ISBN:
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From the May 1999 conference come 90 contributions exploring aspects of interferometric imaging and its uses for astronometrical measurement. The papers are organized into sections devoted to the scientific potential of astrometry with interferometry, astrometric interferometry from ground and space, the potential of synthesis imaging, imaging with interferometry from ground and space, nulling interferometry, and the future of optical/IR interferometry. A few specific topics include the detection of extrasolar planets with the space interferometry mission, differential phase mode with the Keck interferometer, and initial results of a white light nulled fringe.