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| Author | : Tao Lin |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 174 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : Social networks |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Pnina O. Plaut |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 275 |
| Release | : 2019-10-17 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0429949723 |
This book brings together conceptual and empirical insights to explore the interconnections between social networks based on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and travel behaviour in urban environments. Over the past decade, rapid development of ICT has led to extensive social impacts and influence on travel and mobility patterns within urban spaces. A new field of research of digital social networks and travel behaviour is now emerging. This book presents state-of-the-art knowledge, cutting-edge research and integrated analysis methods from the fields of social networks, travel behaviour and urban analysis. It explores the challenges related to the question of how we can synchronize among social networks activities, transport means, intelligent communication/information technologies and the urban form. This innovative book encourages multidisciplinary insights and fusion among three disciplines of social networks, travel behaviour and urban analysis. It offers new horizons for research and will be of interest to students and scholars studying mobilities, transport studies, urban geography, urban planning, the built environment and urban policy.
| Author | : Matthias Kowald |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 229 |
| Release | : 2016-03-03 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1317053648 |
In aiming to understand and model peoples’ out-of-home movements, the academic field of transport planning is confronted with two major challenges. Firstly, leisure travel is increasing in importance and is more complex and variable than work-related travel, being less rigid in temporal and spatial patterns and more influenced by external factors such as social contacts or weather conditions. Secondly, traditional aggregated transport models do not include any information on peoples’ social interactions or their personal social networks. In contrast, the recent development and availability of disaggregated models allows more detailed modelling of elements such as individual characteristics, motivations, constraints and travel costs, as well as a consideration of influences from an actor’s social environment. People travel not only within an infrastructure but also within a social structure. These two main factors have driven transport planners to focus on peoples’ interaction and their social network. In recent years there have been a remarkable number of data collection efforts in the field, surveying information on the link between travel behaviour and social motivation. Providing an overview of selected exemplary studies, this volume addresses the overlap between transport planning and methods of social network analysis; applied methods of social network analysis and related empirical results; and current challenges and new research questions in this field.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 421 |
| Release | : 2013-04-12 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0309264146 |
The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.
| Author | : Matthias Kowald |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 223 |
| Release | : 2016-03-03 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1317053656 |
In aiming to understand and model peoples’ out-of-home movements, the academic field of transport planning is confronted with two major challenges. Firstly, leisure travel is increasing in importance and is more complex and variable than work-related travel, being less rigid in temporal and spatial patterns and more influenced by external factors such as social contacts or weather conditions. Secondly, traditional aggregated transport models do not include any information on peoples’ social interactions or their personal social networks. In contrast, the recent development and availability of disaggregated models allows more detailed modelling of elements such as individual characteristics, motivations, constraints and travel costs, as well as a consideration of influences from an actor’s social environment. People travel not only within an infrastructure but also within a social structure. These two main factors have driven transport planners to focus on peoples’ interaction and their social network. In recent years there have been a remarkable number of data collection efforts in the field, surveying information on the link between travel behaviour and social motivation. Providing an overview of selected exemplary studies, this volume addresses the overlap between transport planning and methods of social network analysis; applied methods of social network analysis and related empirical results; and current challenges and new research questions in this field.
| Author | : Konstadinos G. Goulias |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 732 |
| Release | : 2019-10-29 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0128173416 |
Mapping the Travel Behavior Genome covers the latest research on the biological, motivational, cognitive, situational, and dispositional factors that drive activity-travel behavior. Organized into three sections, Retrospective and Prospective Survey of Travel Behavior Research, New Research Methods and Findings, and Future Research, the chapters of this book provide evidence of progress made in the most recent years in four dimensions of the travel behavior genome. These dimensions are Substantive Problems, Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks, Behavioral Measurement, and Behavioral Analysis. Including the movement of goods as well as the movement of people, the book shows how traveler values, norms, attitudes, perceptions, emotions, feelings, and constraints lead to observed behavior; how to design efficient infrastructure and services to meet tomorrow’s needs for accessibility and mobility; how to assess equity and distributional justice; and how to assess and implement policies for improving sustainability and quality of life. Mapping the Travel Behavior Genome examines the paradigm shift toward more dynamic, user-centric, demand-responsive transport services, including the "sharing economy," mobility as a service, automation, and robotics. This volume provides research directions to answer behavioral questions emerging from these upheavals. Offers a wide variety of approaches from leading travel behavior researchers from around the world Provides a complete map of the methods, skills, and knowledge needed to work in travel behavior Describes the state of the art in travel behavior research, providing key directions for future research
| Author | : Susan Carol Pike |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781339261133 |
The research presented here explores the role of social networks in transportation mode choice. Social networks serve as a foundation for multiple social processes, such as cooperation, resource sharing and social influence. The focus of this study is social influence, whereby the knowledge, behaviors and/or opinions of one individual affect those of another. Through an online survey of students at the University of California, Davis, I collected information about students' transportation decisions for campus travel and their social networks. For each participant as an ego, I gathered information about their ego-network including up to five alters or contacts. The ego-networks, representing a subset of the social network of each respondent, were analyzed for similarities in transportation mode choice. Each respondent's mode choice was also compared to the mode use of geographic neighbors. Individuals tend to make transportation choices similar to both those to whom they are socially connected and those with whom they share geographic proximity. The first paper in this study presents evidence that although similarities in transportation mode choice occur both for socially connected individuals as well as geographic neighbors, social and neighborhood effects are not the same. To account for the possibility that similar commute characteristics simultaneously affect socially connected individuals, in the second paper presented here, I use an instrumental variables approach and find evidence of social influence even when accounting for the commute characteristics of both the alters and ego in ego-networks. In the third paper, I demonstrate that social influence does not affect all individuals equally; in particular social influence related to biking has a smaller effect on those with longer or very short commute distances. This study improves our understanding of social influences in travel behavior and the results may inform sustainable transportation programs and policies.
| Author | : Panel on New Directions in Social Demography, Social Epidemiology, and the Sociology of Aging |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 301 |
| Release | : 2014-01-09 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 9780309292979 |
The aging of the population of the United States is occurring at a time of major economic and social changes. These economic changes include consideration of increases in the age of eligibility for Social Security and Medicare and possible changes in benefit levels. Furthermore, changes in the social context in which older individuals and families function may well affect the nature of key social relationships and institutions that define the environment for older persons. Sociology offers a knowledge base, a number of useful analytic approaches and tools, and unique theoretical perspectives that can facilitate understanding of these demographic, economic, and social changes and, to the extent possible, their causes, consequences and implications. The Future of the Sociology of Aging: An Agenda for Action evaluates the recent contributions of social demography, social epidemiology and sociology to the study of aging and identifies promising new research directions in these sub-fields. Included in this study are nine papers prepared by experts in sociology, demography, social genomics, public health, and other fields, that highlight the broad array of tools and perspectives that can provide the basis for further advancing the understanding of aging processes in ways that can inform policy. This report discusses the role of sociology in what is a wide-ranging and diverse field of study; a proposed three-dimensional conceptual model for studying social processes in aging over the life cycle; a review of existing databases, data needs and opportunities, primarily in the area of measurement of interhousehold and intergenerational transmission of resources, biomarkers and biosocial interactions; and a summary of roadblocks and bridges to transdisciplinary research that will affect the future directions of the field of sociology of aging.
| Author | : John Urry |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 386 |
| Release | : 2016-04-22 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1317095146 |
Bringing together the leading authors currently working at the intersection of social science and transport science, this volume provides a companion to the well-established and extensive international Transport and Society series. Each chapter, and the volume as a whole, offers closer and richer consideration of the issues, practices and structures of multiple mobilities which shape the current world but which have typically been overlooked or minimised. What this approach seeks to do is not only draw attention to many new areas of research and investigation relating to mobile lives, but also to point to new theories and methods by which such lives have to be researched and examined. Such new theories and methods are relevant both to rethinking 'transport' studies as such but are also recasting 'societal' studies as 'transport' so that it comes out of the ghetto and enters mainstream social science.
| Author | : Transportation Research Board |
| Publisher | : Transportation Research Board |
| Total Pages | : 269 |
| Release | : 2005-01-11 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0309094984 |
TRB Special Report 282: Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity? Examining the Evidence reviews the broad trends affecting the relationships among physical activity, health, transportation, and land use; summarizes what is known about these relationships, including the strength and magnitude of any causal connections; examines implications for policy; and recommends priorities for future research.
