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Crossing Borders

Crossing Borders
Author: Ali Noorani
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Total Pages: 237
Release: 2022-03-28
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1538143518
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Advance praise from public figures José Andrés, Al Franken, Jonathan Blitzer of The New Yorker, and Russell Moore of Christianity Today. Find the moving stories of American immigrants and their journeys in Ali Noorani’s chronicle. In an era when immigration on a global scale defines the fears and aspirations of Americans, Crossing Borders presents the complexities of migration through the stories of families fleeing violence and poverty, the government and nongovernmental organizations helping or hindering their progress, and the American communities receiving them. Ali Noorani, who has spent years building bridges between immigrants and their often conservative communities, takes readers on a journey to Honduras, Ciudad Juarez in Mexico, and Texas, meeting migrants and the organizations and people that help them on both sides of the border. He reports from the inside on why families make the heart-wrenching decision to leave home. Going beyond the polemical, partisan debate, Noorani offers sensitive insights and real solutions. Crossing Borders will appeal to a broad audience of concerned citizens across the political spectrum, faith communities, policymakers, and immigrants themselves.

Options for Estimating Illegal Entries at the U.S.-Mexico Border

Options for Estimating Illegal Entries at the U.S.-Mexico Border
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 157
Release: 2013-03-01
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0309264251
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The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is responsible for securing and managing the nation's borders. Over the past decade, DHS has dramatically stepped up its enforcement efforts at the U.S.-Mexico border, increasing the number of U.S. Border patrol (USBP) agents, expanding the deployment of technological assets, and implementing a variety of "consequence programs" intended to deter illegal immigration. During this same period, there has also been a sharp decline in the number of unauthorized migrants apprehended at the border. Trends in total apprehensions do not, however, by themselves speak to the effectiveness of DHS's investments in immigration enforcement. In particular, to evaluate whether heightened enforcement efforts have contributed to reducing the flow of undocumented migrants, it is critical to estimate the number of border-crossing attempts during the same period for which apprehensions data are available. With these issues in mind, DHS charged the National Research Council (NRC) with providing guidance on the use of surveys and other methodologies to estimate the number of unauthorized crossings at the U.S.-Mexico border, preferably by geographic region and on a quarterly basis. Options for Estimating Illegal Entries at the U.S.-Mexico Border focuses on Mexican migrants since Mexican nationals account for the vast majority (around 90 percent) of attempted unauthorized border crossings across the U.S.-Mexico border.

People Crossing Borders

People Crossing Borders
Author: Chad C. Haddal
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Total Pages: 58
Release: 2010-11
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1437933955
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The current state of border protection strategy presents at least three questions: (1) What does the current border protection framework consist of? (2) Is it working? and (3) Are there more effective alternatives to achieve border protection? This report addresses these three questions through two competing models. Contents: (1) Defining the Evolving Challenge; (2) Competing Models; (3) Advantages and Disadvantages of a Geographically Focused Border Strategy; (4) Current Border Protection Framework; (5) Layered Border Security; (6) Expanding the Borders; (7) Maximizing Domain Awareness; (8) Systemic Challenges and Resulting Vulnerabilities; (9) Are the Border Policies Working?; (10) What Can Be Done?; (11) Conclusion.

Solito, Solita

Solito, Solita
Author: Steven Mayers
Publisher: Haymarket Books
Total Pages: 270
Release: 2019-04-16
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1608466205
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They are a mass migration of thousands, yet each one travels alone. Solito, Solita (Alone, Alone) is an urgent collection of oral histories that tells—in their own words—the story of young refugees fleeing countries in Central America and traveling for hundreds of miles to seek safety and protection in the United States. Fifteen narrators describe why they fled their homes, what happened on their dangerous journeys through Mexico, how they crossed the borders, and for some, their ongoing struggles to survive in the United States. In an era of fear, xenophobia, and outright lies, these stories amplify the compelling voices of migrant youth. What can they teach us about abuse and abandonment, bravery and resilience, hypocrisy and hope? They bring us into their hearts and onto streets filled with the lure of freedom and fraught with violence. From fending off kidnappers with knives and being locked in freezing holding cells to tearful reunions with parents, Solito, Solita’s narrators bring to light the experiences of young people struggling for a better life across the border. This collection includes the story of Adrián, from Guatemala City, whose mother was shot to death before his eyes. He refused to join a gang, rode across Mexico atop cargo trains, crossed the US border as a minor, and was handcuffed and thrown into ICE detention on his eighteenth birthday. We hear the story of Rosa, a Salvadoran mother fighting to save her life as well as her daughter’s after death squads threatened her family. Together they trekked through the jungles on the border between Guatemala and Mexico, where masked men assaulted them. We also meet Gabriel, who after surviving sexual abuse starting at the age of eight fled to the United States, and through study, legal support and work, is now attending UC Berkeley.

Crossing Borders, Reinforcing Borders

Crossing Borders, Reinforcing Borders
Author: Pablo Vila
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Total Pages: 305
Release: 2013-08-28
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0292757786
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Along the U.S.-Mexico frontier, where border crossings are a daily occurrence for many people, reinforcing borders is also a common activity. Not only does the U.S. Border Patrol strive to "hold the line" against illegal immigrants, but many residents on both sides of the border seek to define and bound themselves apart from groups they perceive as "others." This pathfinding ethnography charts the social categories, metaphors, and narratives that inhabitants of El Paso and Ciudad Juárez use to define their group identity and distinguish themselves from "others." Pablo Vila draws on over 200 group interviews with more than 900 area residents to describe how Mexican nationals, Mexican immigrants, Mexican Americans, African Americans, and Anglos make sense of themselves and perceive their differences from others. This research uncovers the regionalism by which many northern Mexicans construct their sense of identity, the nationalism that often divides Mexican Americans from Mexican nationals, and the role of ethnicity in setting boundaries among Anglos, Mexicans, and African Americans. Vila also looks at how gender, age, religion, and class intertwine with these factors. He concludes with fascinating excerpts from re-interviews with several informants, who modified their views of other groups when confronted by the author with the narrative character of their identities.

Crossing the Border

Crossing the Border
Author: Jorge Durand
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Total Pages: 356
Release: 2004-08-11
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1610441737
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Discussion of Mexican migration to the United States is often infused with ideological rhetoric, untested theories, and few facts. In Crossing the Border, editors Jorge Durand and Douglas Massey bring the clarity of scientific analysis to this hotly contested but under-researched topic. Leading immigration scholars use data from the Mexican Migration Project—the largest, most comprehensive, and reliable source of data on Mexican immigrants currently available—to answer such important questions as: Who are the people that migrate to the United States from Mexico? Why do they come? How effective is U.S. migration policy in meeting its objectives? Crossing the Border dispels two primary myths about Mexican migration: First, that those who come to the United States are predominantly impoverished and intend to settle here permanently, and second, that the only way to keep them out is with stricter border enforcement. Nadia Flores, Rubén Hernández-León, and Douglas Massey show that Mexican migrants are generally not destitute but in fact cross the border because the higher comparative wages in the United States help them to finance homes back in Mexico, where limited credit opportunities makes it difficult for them to purchase housing. William Kandel's chapter on immigrant agricultural workers debunks the myth that these laborers are part of a shadowy, underground population that sponges off of social services. In contrast, he finds that most Mexican agricultural workers in the United States are paid by check and not under the table. These workers pay their fair share in U.S. taxes and—despite high rates of eligibility—they rarely utilize welfare programs. Research from the project also indicates that heightened border surveillance is an ineffective strategy to reduce the immigrant population. Pia Orrenius demonstrates that strict barriers at popular border crossings have not kept migrants from entering the United States, but rather have prompted them to seek out other crossing points. Belinda Reyes uses statistical models and qualitative interviews to show that the militarization of the Mexican border has actually kept immigrants who want to return to Mexico from doing so by making them fear that if they leave they will not be able to get back into the United States. By replacing anecdotal and speculative evidence with concrete data, Crossing the Border paints a picture of Mexican immigration to the United States that defies the common knowledge. It portrays a group of committed workers, doing what they can to realize the dream of home ownership in the absence of financing opportunities, and a broken immigration system that tries to keep migrants out of this country, but instead has kept them from leaving.

Crossing National Borders

Crossing National Borders
Author: 赤羽恒雄
Publisher: United Nations University Press
Total Pages: 272
Release: 2005
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9280811177
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International migration and other types of cross-border movement of people are becoming an important part of international relations in Northeast Asia. In this particular study, experts on China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia and Russia examine the political, economic, social and cultural dimensions of the interaction between border-crossing individuals and host communities, highlighting the challenges that face national and local leaders in each country and suggesting needed changes in national and international policies. The authors analyze population trends and migration patterns in each country: Chinese migration to the Russian Far East, Chinese, Koreans, and Russians in Japan, North Koreans in China, and migration issues in South Korea and Mongolia. The book introduces a wealth of empirical material and insight to both international migration studies and Northeast Asian area studies.

Crossing Borders

Crossing Borders
Author: Dorothee Schneider
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 332
Release: 2011-05-02
Genre: History
ISBN: 0674267109
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Aspiring immigrants to the United States make many separate border crossings in their quest to become Americans—in their home towns, ports of departure, U.S. border stations, and in American neighborhoods, courthouses, and schools. In a book of remarkable breadth, Dorothee Schneider covers both the immigrants’ experience of their passage from an old society to a new one and American policymakers’ debates over admission to the United States and citizenship. Bringing together the separate histories of Irish, English, German, Italian, Jewish, Chinese, Japanese, and Mexican immigrants, the book opens up a fresh view of immigrant aspirations and government responses. Ingenuity and courage emerge repeatedly from these stories, as immigrants adapted their particular resources, especially social networks, to make migration and citizenship successful on their own terms. While officials argued over immigrants’ fitness for admission and citizenship, immigrant communities forced the government to alter the meaning of race, class, and gender as criteria for admission. Women in particular made a long transition from dependence on men to shapers of their own destinies. Schneider aims to relate the immigrant experience as a totality across many borders. By including immigrant voices as well as U.S. policies and laws, she provides a truly transnational history that offers valuable perspectives on current debates over immigration.

Mexican Exodus

Mexican Exodus
Author: Julia G. Young
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 288
Release: 2015-07-30
Genre: History
ISBN: 0190272872
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In the summer of 1926, an army of Mexican Catholics launched a war against their government. Bearing aloft the banners of Christ the King and the Virgin of Guadalupe, they equipped themselves not only with guns, but also with scapulars, rosaries, prayers, and religious visions. These soldiers were called cristeros, and the war they fought, which would continue until the mid-1930s, is known as la Cristiada, or the Cristero war. The most intense fighting occurred in Mexico's west-central states, especially Jalisco, Guanajuato, and Michoacán. For this reason, scholars have generally regarded the war as a regional event, albeit one with national implications. Yet in fact, the Cristero war crossed the border into the United States, along with thousands of Mexican emigrants, exiles, and refugees. In Mexican Exodus, Julia Young reframes the Cristero war as a transnational conflict, using previously unexamined archival materials from both Mexico and the United States to investigate the intersections between Mexico's Cristero War and Mexican migration to the United States during the late 1920s. She traces the formation, actions, and ideologies of the Cristero diaspora--a network of Mexicans across the United States who supported the Catholic uprising from beyond the border. These Cristero supporters participated in the conflict in a variety of ways: they took part in religious ceremonies and spectacles, organized political demonstrations and marches, formed associations and organizations, and collaborated with religious and political leaders on both sides of the border. Some of them even launched militant efforts that included arms smuggling, military recruitment, espionage, and armed border revolts. Ultimately, the Cristero diaspora aimed to overturn Mexico's anticlerical government and reform the Mexican Constitution of 1917. Although the group was unable to achieve its political goals, Young argues that these emigrants--and the war itself--would have a profound and enduring resonance for Mexican emigrants, impacting community formation, political affiliations, and religious devotion throughout subsequent decades and up to the present day.

Young Migrants Crossing Multiple Borders to the North

Young Migrants Crossing Multiple Borders to the North
Author: Ana Vila-Freyer
Publisher: Transnational Press London
Total Pages: 242
Release: 2021-11-20
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1801350752
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Our focus on youth migration aims to unfold the theoretical and political constraints at play for these young migrants as they defy borders and national boundaries on their northbound journey. By placing the emphasis on young persons, this volume seeks to ponder on the challenges their movement is positing to governments and societies of the countries they are crossing by or settling in. Our goal is to go outside the perspectives constructed from a labor, adult-centered, breadwinner and family-head perspective. We recognize that the conditions that force them to flee uncertain economic conditions or to seek personal security may intersect, but by focusing on young migrants as actors in search of a decent and fair life, as well as on the hopes and resilience that every young person has, the point of view diverges. As they may be permanent or transit sojourners in local communities, we also propose to include the spaces, as the social and political communities reacts to this youth mobility. The chapters contained herein follow the migrant’s movement from South to North. Therefore, the authors focused on the analysis of several emerging issues in the migration dynamics in North America. Contents Introduction – Ana Vila Freyer and Liliana Meza González CHAPTER 1. GUATEMALA-MÉXICO: THE LAST BORDER BETWEEN THE EXCLUSION AND THE FULFILLMENT OF DREAMS OF YOUNG PEOPLE FROM THE NORTHERN COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AMERICA – Sandra Herrera-Ruiz and Lesbia Ortiz Martínez CHAPTER 2. SUSPENDED LIVES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN YOUTH IN MEXICO: BETWEEN INCLUSION AND SURVIVAL – Martha Luz Rojas Wiesner and Susann Hjorth Boisen CHAPTER 3. (DIS) CONTINUITIES IN CENTRAL AMERICA’S MIGRATORY MOBILITY. THE POST-MITCH GENERATION – Javier Urbano Reyes CHAPTER 4. IRREGULAR MIGRATION AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING FOR THE PURPOSE OF SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: AN ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC POLICY INSTRUMENTS FOR COMBATING IT IN CHIAPAS, MEXICO – Jesús Rubio Campos and Carolina Guadiana Sánchez CHAPTER 5. WOULD YOU PLEASE TELL ME, WHICH WAY I OUGHT TO GO? CENTRAL AMERICANS CROSSING THROUGH OR SETTLING IN GUANAJUATO – Ana Vila Freyer and Eloy Estrada Lozano CHAPTER 6. THE ACCESS TO PUBLIC MEDICAL SERVICES AND TO FORMAL JOBS FOR YOUNG CENTRAL AMERICAN MIGRANTS IN MEXICO, BEFORE AND AFTER THE 2011 MIGRATION LAW – Liliana Meza González and Ken Nishikata CHAPTER 7. THE DISPLACEMENT AND ECONOMIC INSERTION OF REFUGEES FROM CENTRAL AMERICA IN MEXICO – Rodolfo Cruz Piñeiro and Rafael Alonso Hernández López CHAPTER 8. THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION’S CENTRAL AMERICAN MINORS (CAM) PROGRAM (2015-2017): A SAFE AND LEGAL PATH TO THE UNITED STATES? – Chiara Galli CHAPTER 9. THE EDUCATIONAL AND CAREER GOALS OF THE CHILDREN OF UNDOCUMENTED PARENTS IN THE UNITED STATES: A MIXED-METHOD STUDY OF DACA ELIGIBLE STUDENTS AT A CALIFORNIA PUBLIC UNIVERSITY – Nicole Dubus CHAPTER 10. YOUNG INDIGENOUS MIGRANTS FROM SOUTHERN MEXICO IN THE U.S. – Tania Cruz-Salazar CHAPTER 11. INTEGRATION INTO THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AND THE JOB MARKET AMONG YOUNG MIGRANTS IN MEXICO – Ana Escoto and Claudia Masferrer