Peacekeeping Observations On Costs Strengths And Limitations Of Us And Un Operations PDF Download
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| Author | : |
| Publisher | : DIANE Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 18 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781422396353 |
Download Peacekeeping: Observations on Costs, Strengths, and Limitations of U.S. and UN Operations Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
We estimate that it would cost the United States about twice as much as it would the UN to conduct a peacekeeping operation similar to the UN mission in Haiti. The UN budgeted $428 million for the first 14 months of the mission, of which the United States was responsible for $116 million. A similar U.S. operation would have cost an estimated $876 million. Virtually the entire cost difference can be attributed to three major elements: civilian police, military pay and support, and facilities. First, the estimated cost of deploying U.S. civilian police is $217 million or about 8 times the $25 million budgeted by the UN for international police officers. Compensation rates for U.S. police include higher costs for salaries, special pay and training, whereas the UN pays police a standard daily allowance. Second, we estimated that U.S. military pay and support would cost $260 million, compared with $131 million in the UN budget, and reflects higher salaries and higher standards for equipment, ammunition, and rations. Third, U.S. facilities-related costs would be twice those of the UN, reflecting the cost of posting U.S. civilian personnel in a secure embassy compound. Several factors could affect the estimated costs of a U.S. operation, including the mix of reserve and active duty troops and the rate of troop deployment. When we varied these factors for example, by increasing the number of reserve troops deployed the estimated cost for a U.S. operation increased.
| Author | : Joseph A. Christoff |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Military assistance |
| ISBN | : |
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As of June 2007, more than 100,000 military and civilian personnel are engaged in UN peacekeeping operations in 15 locations in Africa, Europe, Asia, the Americas, and the Middle East. In 2006, the United States provided the UN with about $1 billion to support peacekeeping operations. Given that thousands of U.S. troops are intensively deployed in combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, UN peacekeeping operations are an important element in maintaining a secure international environment. As requested, this testimony discusses (1) the costs of the current UN mission in Haiti compared with the estimated cost of a hypothetical U.S. operation and (2) the strengths and limitations of the United States and the UN in leading peace operations. This testimony is based on our prior report and information we updated for this hearing. To estimate U.S. costs, we developed parameters for a U.S. mission similar to the UN mission in Haiti, which the Joint Staff validated as reasonable. We then applied DOD's official cost estimating model. However, it is uncertain whether the United States would implement an operation in Haiti in the same way as the UN.
| Author | : United States Accounting Office (GAO) |
| Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
| Total Pages | : 34 |
| Release | : 2018-05-21 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781719424547 |
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Peacekeeping: Observations on Costs, Strengths, and Limitations of U.S. and UN Operations
| Author | : U S Government Accountability Office (G |
| Publisher | : BiblioGov |
| Total Pages | : 24 |
| Release | : 2013-07 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781289241254 |
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The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent agency that works for Congress. The GAO watches over Congress, and investigates how the federal government spends taxpayers dollars. The Comptroller General of the United States is the leader of the GAO, and is appointed to a 15-year term by the U.S. President. The GAO wants to support Congress, while at the same time doing right by the citizens of the United States. They audit, investigate, perform analyses, issue legal decisions and report anything that the government is doing. This is one of their reports.
| Author | : United States Government Accountability Office |
| Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
| Total Pages | : 32 |
| Release | : 2017-10-04 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781976434389 |
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The UN employs about 85,000 military and civilian personnel in peacekeeping operations in 16 countries. The United States has provided about $1 billion annually to support UN peacekeeping operations. In addition, the United States has led and participated in many such operations. UN reports and congressional hearings have raised concerns about accountability for UN peacekeeping operations and the need for reforms. We were asked to provide information relating to the cost and relative strengths of UN and U.S. peacekeeping. In particular, we have (1) compared the cost of the ongoing UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti with the cost that the United States would have incurred had an operation been deemed in the U.S. national interest and undertaken without UN involvement; (2) analyzed factors that could materially affect the estimated costs of a U.S. operation; and (3) identified the strengths of the United States and the UN for leading the operation. We developed our cost estimate of a U.S.-led operation using cost models from the Departments of Defense and State. The estimate is
| Author | : U S Government Accountability Office (G |
| Publisher | : BiblioGov |
| Total Pages | : 78 |
| Release | : 2013-07 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781289255282 |
Download United Nations Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Department of State's management of U.S. interests in United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations, focusing on the: (1) processes for establishing, financing, and implementing UN peacekeeping missions; (2) effectiveness of State's oversight of U.S. interests in these operations; and (3) Department of Defense's (DOD) role in supporting UN peacekeeping activities. GAO found that: (1) several UN bodies, including the Security Council, the General Assembly, and the Secretariat, are responsible for establishing and overseeing peacekeeping operations; (2) peacekeeping operations are financed through special assessments, and the United States pays for about 30 percent of total peacekeeping costs; (3) the growing number of peacekeeping operations places a significant financial burden on the United States at a time when other countries may have a greater capacity than in the past to share in peacekeeping costs; (4) State has primary responsibility for overseeing U.S. participation in UN peacekeeping operations and for ensuring that U.S.-provided resources are well spent; (5) State has not conducted field-level monitoring of the economy and efficiency of these operations, and opportunities exist to reduce costs and improve efficiency; (6) UN requests for DOD assistance have expanded, but DOD has not been required to track and report expenses incurred and has not billed UN for all reimbursable costs; and (7) other regional and international organizations have peacekeeping roles that complement UN efforts, but use of these organizations has both advantages and disadvantages.
| Author | : Trevor Findlay |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 486 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 9780198292821 |
Download The Use of Force in UN Peace Operations Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
One of the most vexing issues that has faced the international community since the end of the Cold War has been the use of force by the United Nations peacekeeping forces. UN intervention in civil wars, as in Somalia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Rwanda, has thrown into stark relief the difficulty of peacekeepers operating in situations where consent to their presence and activities is fragile or incomplete and where there is little peace to keep. Complex questions arise in these circumstances. When and how should peacekeepers use force to protect themselves, to protect their mission, or, most troublingly, to ensure compliance by recalcitrant parties with peace accords? Is a peace enforcement role for peacekeepers possible or is this simply war by another name? Is there a grey zone between peacekeeping and peace enforcement? Trevor Findlay reveals the history of the use of force by UN peacekeepers from Sinai in the 1950s to Haiti in the 1990s. He untangles the arguments about the use of force in peace operations and sets these within the broader context of military doctrine and practice. Drawing on these insights the author examines proposals for future conduct of UN operations, including the formulation of UN peacekeeping doctrine and the establishment of a UN rapid reaction force.
| Author | : Joachim Koops |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 1031 |
| Release | : 2015-07-09 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 019150954X |
Download The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The Oxford Handbook on United Nations Peacekeeping Operations presents an innovative, authoritative, and accessible examination and critique of the United Nations peacekeeping operations. Since the late 1940s, but particularly since the end of the cold war, peacekeeping has been a central part of the core activities of the United Nations and a major process in global security governance and the management of international relations in general. The volume will present a chronological analysis, designed to provide a comprehensive perspective that highlights the evolution of UN peacekeeping and offers a detailed picture of how the decisions of UN bureaucrats and national governments on the set-up and design of particular UN missions were, and remain, influenced by the impact of preceding operations. The volume will bring together leading scholars and senior practitioners in order to provide overviews and analyses of all 65 peacekeeping operations that have been carried out by the United Nations since 1948. As with all Oxford Handbooks, the volume will be agenda-setting in importance, providing the authoritative point of reference for all those working throughout international relations and beyond.
| Author | : A. Walter Dorn |
| Publisher | : UN |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 9789280811988 |
Download Keeping Watch Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Knowledge is power. In the hands of UN peacekeepers, it can be a power for peace. Lacking knowledge, peacekeepers often find themselves powerless in the field, unable to protect themselves and others. The United Nations owes it to the world and to its peacekeepers to utilize all available tools to make its monitoring and surveillance work more effective. "Keeping Watch" explains how technologies can increase the range, effectiveness, and accuracy of UN observation. Satellites, aircraft, and ground sensors enable wider coverage of many areas, over longer periods of time, while decreasing intrusiveness. These devices can transmit and record imagery for wider dissemination and further analysis, and as evidence in human rights cases and tribunals. They also allow observation at a safe distance from dangerous areas, especially in advance of UN patrols, humanitarian convoys, or robust forces. While sensor technologies have been increasing exponentially in performance while decreasing rapidly in price, however, the United Nations continues to use technologies from the 1980s. This book identifies potential problems and pitfalls with modern technologies and the challenges to incorporate them into the UN system. The few cases of technologies effectively harnessed in the field are examined, and creative recommendations are offered to overcome the institutional inertia and widespread misunderstandings about how technology can complement human initiative in the quest for peace in war-torn lands. ""Walter Dorn is one of the most thoughtful and knowledgeable analysts of peacekeeping and security policy, and this book makes an important contribution to a field that needs far more public discussion.""--The Hon. Bob Rae, MP for Toronto Centre and Liberal Foreign Affairs critic
| Author | : Chiyuki Aoi |
| Publisher | : UNU |
| Total Pages | : 316 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : |
Download Unintended Consequences of Peacekeeping Operations Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The deployment of a large number of soldiers, police officers and civilian personnel inevitably has various effects on the host society and economy, not all of which are in keeping with the peacekeeping mandate and intent or are easily discernible prior to the intervention. This book is one of the first attempts to improve our understanding of unintended consequences of peacekeeping operations, by bringing together field experiences and academic analysis. The aim of the book is not to discredit peace operations but rather to improve the way in which such operations are planned and managed.
