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Parallel Currency Markets in Developing Countries

Parallel Currency Markets in Developing Countries
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 52
Release: 1990-12-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1451943229

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The paper reviews recent theoretical and empirical developments in the analysis of informal currency markets in developing countries. The basic characteristics of these markets are highlighted, and alternative analytical models to explain them are discussed. The implications for exchange rate policy —including imposition of foreign exchange restrictions, devaluation, and unification of exchange markets— in countries with a sizable parallel market are also examined.


Parallel Currency Markets in Developing Countries

Parallel Currency Markets in Developing Countries
Author: Pierre-Richard Agénor
Publisher: International Finance Section Department of Econ Ton Univers
Total Pages: 48
Release: 1992
Genre: Foreign exchange
ISBN:

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Stabilization Policies in Developing Countries with a Parallel Market for Foreign Exchange

Stabilization Policies in Developing Countries with a Parallel Market for Foreign Exchange
Author: Pierre-Richard Agénor
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 44
Release: 1990-03-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1451923236

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The paper develops and tests a model of a developing economy that incorporates trade and capital restrictions, illegal transactions, a parallel foreign exchange market, currency substitution features, and forward-looking rational expectations. Temporary expansionary demand policies are associated with an increase in output and prices, a fall in the stock of net foreign assets, and a depreciation of the parallel exchange rate. The speed of adjustment is inversely related to the degree of rationing in the official foreign currency market. A once-for–all devaluation of the official exchange rate has no long-term effect on the premium.


Parallel Currency Markets in Developing Countries

Parallel Currency Markets in Developing Countries
Author: Pierre-Richard Agenor
Publisher:
Total Pages: 52
Release: 2006
Genre:
ISBN:

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The paper reviews recent theoretical and empirical developments in the analysis of informal currency markets in developing countries. The basic characteristics of these markets are highlighted, and alternative analytical models to explain them are discussed. The implications for exchange rate policy --including imposition of foreign exchange restrictions, devaluation, and unification of exchange markets-- in countries with a sizable parallel market are also examined.


Parallel Exchange Rates in Developing Countries

Parallel Exchange Rates in Developing Countries
Author: Miguel A. Kiguel
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 411
Release: 2016-07-27
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1349255203

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'...the most definitive study of the subject, assembling an all-star cast to address the many outstanding questions and succeeding beyond expectations in combining elegant theory and state of the art econometrics to reach very sensible policy conclusions.' - Mohsin S. Khan, Deputy Director, Research Department, International Monetary Fund ' This book fills an important vacuum in the literature of the economic consequences of parallel markets and should prove of great value to students of economic development and to policy-makers in developing countries as they struggle to reform their exchange rate and trade incentive systems. Here they will find all that they need to know.' - Vittorio Corbo, Professor of Economics, Universidad Catolica de Chile 'A most comprehensive treatment of the relationships between parallel foreign exchange markets and macroeconomic policies, both across countries and over time. The book substantially enhances our understanding of how these systems work in practice and will be of great interest to policy-makers, researchers and graduate students of economic policy.' - Samuel M. Wangwe, Professor of Economics, University of Dar es Salaam and Executive Director, Economic and Social Research Foundation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania This book examines extensive empirical evidence on the macroeconomic implications of parallel exchange rates in developing countries. Eight case-studies from Africa, Latin America, and Turkey provide detailed evidence on the emergence of parallel exchange rates, their impact on macroeconomic performance, and the criteria for successful exchange-rate unification. A chapter on European dual exchange rates summarizes the contrasting experience of industrial countries. An overview chapter lays out the analytical framework, assesses the evidence, and draws policy conclusions.


Stabilization Policies in Developing Countries with a Parallel Market for Foreign Exchange

Stabilization Policies in Developing Countries with a Parallel Market for Foreign Exchange
Author: Pierre-Richard Agenor
Publisher:
Total Pages: 44
Release: 2006
Genre:
ISBN:

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The paper develops and tests a model of a developing economy that incorporates trade and capital restrictions, illegal transactions, a parallel foreign exchange market, currency substitution features, and forward-looking rational expectations. Temporary expansionary demand policies are associated with an increase in output and prices, a fall in the stock of net foreign assets, and a depreciation of the parallel exchange rate. The speed of adjustment is inversely related to the degree of rationing in the official foreign currency market. A once-forᔚll devaluation of the official exchange rate has no long-term effect on the premium.


Exchange Controls and Parallel Market Economies in Sub-Saharan Africa

Exchange Controls and Parallel Market Economies in Sub-Saharan Africa
Author: Ernesto May
Publisher:
Total Pages: 168
Release: 1985
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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This paper provides a theoretical framework to understand the way in which exchange controls modify the behavior of the different agents in the economy, leading to the creation of a parallel market economy. It gives the necessary theoretical elements to analyze this parallel market economy and provides a simple methodology to obtain relevant quantitative information about it. Finally, the paper elaborates on some of the policy implications of the existence of a parallel market economy. The model developed shows that the parallel market activities can be explained through the optimizing behavior of exporters and importers, which determines the amount of import and export smuggling, the level of the rent-seeking activity, and the black market exchange rate that is consistent with an equilibrium position where no one has any more incentives to move from their attained position. A method to detect the presence, and assess the magnitude of the parallel market economy, as well as to explain its behavior quantitatively, is then developed and applied to the case of Ghana.


Floating Exchange Rates in Developing Countries

Floating Exchange Rates in Developing Countries
Author: Peter J. Quirk
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 58
Release: 1987-05-15
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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In recent years, an increasing number of developing countries have adopted market-determined floating exchange rates. This development has represented a significant step forward in the evolution toward exchange rate flexibility that has taken place in the developing country group since the adoption of generalized floating by industrial countries in 1973.


Recognizing Reality—Unification of Official and Parallel Market Exchange Rates

Recognizing Reality—Unification of Official and Parallel Market Exchange Rates
Author: Mr.Simon T Gray
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 45
Release: 2021-02-05
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1513568639

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Some central banks have maintained overvalued official exchange rates, while unable to ensure that supply of foreign exchange meets legitimate demand for current account transactions at that price. A parallel exchange rate market develops, in such circumstances; and when the spread between the official and parallel rates is both substantial and sustained, price levels in the economy typically reflect the parallel market exchange rate. “Recognizing reality” by allowing economic agents to use a market clearing rate benefits economic activity without necessarily leading to more inflation. But a unified, market-clearing exchange rate will not stabilize without a supportive fiscal and monetary context. A number of country case studies are included; my thanks to Jie Ren for pulling together all the data for the country case studies, and the production of the charts.