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Optimization of adaptive test design methods for the determination of steady-state data-driven models in terms of combustion engine calibration

Optimization of adaptive test design methods for the determination of steady-state data-driven models in terms of combustion engine calibration
Author: Sandmeier, Nino
Publisher: Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin
Total Pages: 236
Release: 2022-12-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3798332479

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This thesis deals with the development of a model-based adaptive test design strategy with a focus on steady-state combustion engine calibration. The first research topic investigates the question how to handle limits in the input domain during an adaptive test design procedure. The second area of scope aims at identifying the test design method providing the best model quality improvement in terms of overall model prediction error. To consider restricted areas in the input domain, a convex hull-based solution involving a convex cone algorithm is developed, the outcome of which serves as a boundary model for a test point search. A solution is derived to enable the application of the boundary model to high-dimensional problems without calculating the exact convex hull and cones. Furthermore, different data-driven engine modeling methods are compared, resulting in the Gaussian process model as the most suitable one for a model-based calibration. To determine an appropriate test design method for a Gaussian process model application, two new strategies are developed and compared to state-of-the-art methods. A simulation-based study shows the most benefit applying a modified mutual information test design, followed by a newly developed relevance-based test design with less computational effort. The boundary model and the relevance-based test design are integrated into a multicriterial test design strategy that is tailored to match the requirements of combustion engine test bench measurements. A simulation-based study with seven and nine input parameters and four outputs each offered an average model quality improvement of 36 % and an average measured input area volume increase of 65 % compared to a non-adaptive space-filling test design. The multicriterial test design was applied to a test bench measurement with seven inputs for verification. Compared to a space-filling test design measurement, the improvement could be confirmed with an average model quality increase of 17 % over eight outputs and a 34 % larger measured input area. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Entwicklung einer modellbasierten adaptiven Versuchsplanungsstrategie für die Anwendung in der Applikation des Stationärverhaltens von Verbrennungsmotoren. Der erste Forschungsteil untersucht, wie sich Grenzen im Eingangsraum in die Versuchsplanung eines adaptiven Prozesses einbinden lassen. Ein weiterer Fokus liegt auf der Identifikation einer modellbasierten Versuchsplanung, die eine bestmögliche Verbesserung der globalen Modellqualität hinsichtlich des Prädiktionsfehlers ermöglicht. Es wird ein Grenzraummodell auf Basis der konvexen Hülle unter Zuhilfenahme eines Algorithmus zur Bestimmung eines konvexen Konus entwickelt, das als Grundlage für eine Versuchsplanung in beschränkten Eingangsräumen verwendet wird. Um die Anwendbarkeit bei hochdimensionalen Problemstellungen zu gewährleisten, wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, das eine Berechnung auch ohne die Bestimmung der exakten konvexen Hülle und konvexen Konen ermöglicht. Des Weiteren werden verschiedene Methoden zur datengetriebenen Modellbildung des Verbrennungsmotors verglichen, wobei das Gauß-Prozess Modell als die geeignetste Modellierungsmethode hervorgeht. Um die bestmögliche Versuchsplanungsmethode bei der Anwendung des Gauß-Prozess Modells zu ermitteln, werden zwei neue Strategien entwickelt und mit verfügbaren Methoden aus der Literatur verglichen. Eine simulationsbasierte Studie zeigt, dass eine angepasste Mutual Information Methode die besten Ergebnisse liefert. Ein neu entwickeltes relevanzbasiertes Verfahren erreicht die zweitbesten Ergebnisse, bietet aber einen geringeren Berechnungsaufwand als das Mutual Information Verfahren. Das Grenzmodell und das relevanzbasierte Verfahren werden in einem multikriteriellen Versuchsplanungsverfahren zusammengeführt, das an die Anforderungen von Messungen an einem Verbrennungsmotorenprüfstand angepasst ist. In einer simulationsbasierten Studie mit sieben bzw. neun Eingangsparametern und jeweils vier Ausgängen konnte eine durchschnittliche Modellqualitätsverbesserung von 36 % und eine mittlere Vergrößerung des vermessenen Eingangsraumvolumens von 65 % im Vergleich zu einer nichtadaptiven raumfüllenden Versuchsplanung gezeigt werden. Das multikriterielle Versuchsplanungsverfahren wurde anhand von Prüfstandsmessungen mit sieben Eingangsparametern verifiziert. Im Vergleich zu einer raumfüllenden Versuchsplanung konnte eine mittlere Modellqualitätsverbesserung über alle acht Ausgänge von 17 % und ein um 34 % vergrößertes vermessenes Eingangsraumvolumen erreicht werden, wodurch die Ergebnisse der Simulationen bestätigt werden konnten.


Optimal Test Signal Design and Estimation for Dynamic Powertrain Calibration and Control

Optimal Test Signal Design and Estimation for Dynamic Powertrain Calibration and Control
Author: Ke Fang
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2012
Genre:
ISBN:

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With the dramatic development of the automotive industry and global economy, the motor vehicle has become an indispensable part of daily life. Because of the intensive competition, vehicle manufacturers are investing a large amount of money and time on research in improving the vehicle performance, reducing fuel consumption and meeting the legislative requirement of environmental protection. Engine calibration is a fundamental process of determining the vehicle performance in diverse working conditions. Control maps are developed in the calibration process which must be conducted across the entire operating region before being implemented in the engine control unit to regulate engine parameters at the different operating points. The traditional calibration method is based on steady-state (pseudo-static) experiments on the engine. The primary challenge for the process is the testing and optimisation time that each increases exponentially with additional calibration parameters and control objectives. This thesis presents a basic dynamic black-box model-based calibration method for multivariable control and the method is applied experimentally on a gasoline turbocharged direct injection (GTDI) 2.0L virtual engine. Firstly the engine is characterized by dynamic models. A constrained numerical optimization of fuel consumption is conducted on the models and the optimal data is thus obtained and validated on the virtual system to ensure the accuracy of the models. A dynamic optimization is presented in which the entire data sequence is divided into segments then optimized separately in order to enhance the computational efficiency. A dynamic map is identified using the inverse optimal behaviour. The map is shown to be capable of providing a minimized fuel consumption and generally meeting the demands of engine torque and air-fuel-ratio. The control performance of this feedforward map is further improved by the addition of a closed loop controller. An open loop compensator for torque control and a Smith predictor for air-fuel-ratio control are designed and shown to solve the issues of practical implementation on production engines. A basic pseudo-static engine-based calibration is generated for comparative purposes and the resulting static map is implemented in order to compare the fuel consumption and torque and air-fuel-ratio control with that of the proposed dynamic calibration method. Methods of optimal test signal design and parameter estimation for polynomial models are particularly detailed and studied in this thesis since polynomial models are frequently used in the process of dynamic calibration and control. Because of their ease of implementation, the input designs with different objective functions and optimization algorithms are discussed. Novel design criteria which lead to an improved parameter estimation and output prediction method are presented and verified using identified models of a 1.6L Zetec engine developed from test data obtained on the Liverpool University Powertrain Laboratory. Practical amplitude and rate constraints in engine experiments are considered in the optimization and optimal inputs are further validated to be effective in the black box modelling of the virtual engine. An additional experiment of input design for a MIMO model is presented based on a weighted optimization method. Besides the prediction error based estimation method, a simulation error based estimation method is proposed. This novel method is based on an unconstrained numerical optimization and any output fitness criterion can be used as the objective function. The effectiveness is also evaluated in a black box engine modelling and parameter estimations with a better output fitness of a simulation model are provided.


Technical Literature Abstracts

Technical Literature Abstracts
Author: Society of Automotive Engineers
Publisher:
Total Pages: 566
Release: 1996
Genre: Technical literature
ISBN:

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Statistical Modeling With Matlab Calibration Models Optimization and Optimization Analysis

Statistical Modeling With Matlab Calibration Models Optimization and Optimization Analysis
Author: Olsen F.
Publisher:
Total Pages: 220
Release: 2016-11-16
Genre:
ISBN: 9781540387202

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Model-Based Calibration Toolbox contains tools for design of experiment, statistical modeling, and calibration of complex systems. The toolbox has two main user interfaces:* Model Browser for design of experiment and statistical modeling* CAGE Browser for analytical calibrationCAGE (CAlibration GEneration) is an easy-to-use graphical interface for calibrating lookup tables for your electronic control unit (ECU). As engines get more complicated, and models of engine behavior more intricate, it is increasingly difficult to rely on intuition alone to calibrate lookup tables. CAGE provides analytical methods for calibrating lookup tables.CAGE uses models of the engine control subsystems to calibrate lookup tables. With CAGE you fill and optimize lookup tables in existing ECU software using models from the Model Browser part of the Model-Based Calibration Toolbox product. From these models, CAGE builds steady-state ECU calibrations. CAGE also compares lookup tables directly to experimental data for validation. CAGE can optimize calibrations with reference to models, including single- and multi-objective optimizations, sum optimizations, user-defined optimizations, and automated tradeoff.


Models Calibration Wih Matlab

Models Calibration Wih Matlab
Author: Perez C.
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 190
Release: 2017-08-07
Genre:
ISBN: 9781974332298

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The MATLAB software include eficient tools for optimization and calibration models. The Model-Based Calibration Toolbox product contains tools for design of experiment, statistical modeling, and calibration of complex systems. The toolbox has two main apps: Model Browser for design of experiment and statistical modeling and CAGE Browser for analytical calibration. CAGE (CAlibration GEneration) is an easy-to-use graphical interface for calibrating lookup tables for your electronic control unit (ECU). As engines get more complicated, and models of engine behavior more intricate, it is increasingly difficult to rely on intuition alone to calibrate lookup tables. CAGE provides analytical methods for calibrating lookup tables. CAGE uses models of the engine control subsystems to calibrate lookup tables. With CAGE you fill and optimize lookup tables in existing ECU software using models from the Model Browser part of the Model-Based Calibration Toolbox product. From these models, CAGE builds steady-state ECU calibrations. CAGE also compares lookup tables directly to experimental data for validation. CAGE can optimize calibrations with reference to models, including single- and multi-objective optimizations, sum optimizations, user-defined optimizations, and automated tradeoff. You can compare your calibrations to experimental data for validation. For example, after completing a calibration, you can import experimental data from a spreadsheet. You can use CAGE to compare your calibration to the data.. This book develops the following topics: - "Model-Based Calibration Toolbox" - "What Is CAGE?" - "Set Up Calibrations" - "Import Models and Calibration Items" - "Setting Up Models" - "Setting Up Tables" - "Creating Tables from a Model" - "Calibration Manager" - "Importing and Exporting Calibrations" - "Feature Calibrations" - "Import a Strategy from Simulink" - "Tradeoff Calibration" - "Point-by-Point Model Tradeoffs"


Applied mechanics reviews

Applied mechanics reviews
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 400
Release: 1948
Genre: Mechanics, Applied
ISBN:

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Aeronautical Engineering

Aeronautical Engineering
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 1048
Release: 1993
Genre: Aeronautics
ISBN:

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A selection of annotated references to unclassified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system and announced in Scientific and technical aerospace reports (STAR) and International aerospace abstracts (IAA)


Introduction to Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engine Systems

Introduction to Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engine Systems
Author: Lino Guzzella
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 303
Release: 2013-03-14
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3662080036

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Internal combustion engines still have a potential for substantial improvements, particularly with regard to fuel efficiency and environmental compatibility. These goals can be achieved with help of control systems. Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) addresses these issues by offering an introduction to cost-effective model-based control system design for ICE. The primary emphasis is put on the ICE and its auxiliary devices. Mathematical models for these processes are developed in the text and selected feedforward and feedback control problems are discussed. The appendix contains a summary of the most important controller analysis and design methods, and a case study that analyzes a simplified idle-speed control problem. The book is written for students interested in the design of classical and novel ICE control systems.