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Optimal Capital Utilization by Financial Firms

Optimal Capital Utilization by Financial Firms
Author: J David Cummins
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:

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Capitalization levels in the property-liability insurance industry have increased dramatically in recent years - the capital-to-assets ratio rose from 25% in 1989 to 35% by 1999. This paper investigates the use of capital by insurers to provide evidence on whether the capital increase represents a legitimate response to changing market conditions or a true inefficiency that leads to performance penalties for insurers. We estimate quot;best practicequot; technical, cost, and revenue frontiers for a sample of insurers over the period 1993-1998, using data envelopment analysis, a non-parametric technique. The results indicate that most insurers significantly over-utilized equity capital during the sample period. Regression analysis provides evidence that capital over-utilization primarily represents an inefficiency for which insurers incur significant revenue penalties.


Leverage and Capital Utilization

Leverage and Capital Utilization
Author: Diogo Duarte
Publisher:
Total Pages: 30
Release: 2019
Genre:
ISBN:

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Our paper documents procyclical behavior between capital utilization and short-term debt. This strong positive relationship persists even when we control the regressions for firm size, profits, and growth, attesting to the robustness of our findings. In addition, our analysis of the time series and panel data shows that the relationship is present at both the aggregate and firm levels. Based on this empirical finding, we develop a DSGE model that sheds light on the role of capital utilization in propagating real and financial shocks to financial assets. We show that in the presence of capital utilization, positive real and financial shocks cause the firm to change its financing of the equity payout policy from earnings to debt, resulting in an increase in short-term debt. Therefore, ignoring the firm's optimal decision on capital utilization may lead to misleading conclusions on how leverage is undertaken.


Capital Structure and Firm Performance

Capital Structure and Firm Performance
Author: Arvin Ghosh
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 143
Release: 2017-07-05
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 135153016X

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Capital structure theory is one of the most dynamic areas of finance and forms the basis for modern thinking on the capital structure of firms. Much controversy has resulted from comparisons of the theory of capital structure originally developed by Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller to real-world situations. Two competing theories have emerged over the years, the optimal capital structure theory and the pecking order theory.Arvin Ghosh begins with an overview of the controversies regarding capital structure theories, and then statistically tests both the optimal capital structure and pecking order theories. Using the binomial approach he analyzes the determinants of capital structure while discussing the role of market power in determining capital structure decisions. Ghosh probes the questions of new stock offerings and stockholders' returns, and analyzes capital structure and executive compensation. He then looks into debt financing ownership structure, and the controversal relationship between capital structure and firm profitability. Finally, he discusses the latest developments in the field of capital structure.A concise overview of a major issue in business economics and finance, this volume provides a fuller understanding of capital structure influence on the financial performance of firms, and will certainly stimulate further debate. While hundreds of scholarly articles have been written on the subject this is the first book to test competing theories against measurements of firms' performance and their underlying capital structure.


Optimal Utilization of Capital and a Financial Sector in a Classical Gravitation Process

Optimal Utilization of Capital and a Financial Sector in a Classical Gravitation Process
Author: Reiner Franke
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2001
Genre:
ISBN:

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In a production price framework, a two-sectoral gravitation process with cross-over adjustments of prices and quantities is advanced. To overcome an inconsistency in the treatment of fixed capital in disequilibrium, the socio-technological input coefficients are assumed to vary with the sectoral output-capital ratio, such that for each relative price there exists an optimal degree of capital utilization which maximizes the sectoral rate of profit. Production prices prevail if these maximizing rates of profit are equalized. In addition, a financial sector determining the rate of interest is incorporated into the model. The mathematical analysis establishes a broad scope for local stability of the long-run equilibrium position once a condition applies that ensures stability of the output adjustments in the short period.


Corporate Capital Structures in the United States

Corporate Capital Structures in the United States
Author: Benjamin M. Friedman
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 404
Release: 2009-05-15
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0226264238

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The research reported in this volume represents the second stage of a wide-ranging National Bureau of Economic Research effort to investigate "The Changing Role of Debt and Equity in Financing U.S. Capital Formation." The first group of studies sponsored under this project, which have been published individually and summarized in a 1982 volume bearing the same title (Friedman 1982), addressed several key issues relevant to corporate sector behavior along with such other aspects of the evolving financial underpinnings of U.S. capital formation as household saving incentives, international capital flows, and government debt management. In the project's second series of studies, presented at the National Bureau of Economic Research conference in January 1983 and published here for the first time along with commentaries from that conference, the central focus is the financial side of capital formation undertaken by the U.S. corporate business sector. At the same time, because corporations' securities must be held, a parallel focus is on the behavior of the markets that price these claims.


Capital Utilization

Capital Utilization
Author: Roger R. Betancourt
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 0
Release: 1981-06-30
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0521235839

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This book presents the theory of capital utilization, a discussion of the econometrics of capital utilization, and econometric tests of the theory using international data. Capital utilization, defined as the proportion of time that capital is working productively, is mainly affected by shift-working. Capital utilization is an important economic variable that has received serious attention from economists only since the mid-1960s In the first part, the authors provide a synthesis of current knowledge, combining a consistent statement of existing theory with some major extensions. In the second part, they turn to the econometrics, first discussing the appropriate methodology and then testing the theory on data from several countries. This empirical work is considerably more sophisticated than previous studies on this topic. Having established the theory and tested it, they move on to consider policy, the relationship between capital utilization and economic growth, and the place of shift-work in the dual economy.