Ontogenesis And Phylogenesis PDF Download
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Author | : Stephen Jay Gould |
Publisher | : Harvard University Press |
Total Pages | : 522 |
Release | : 1985-01-17 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0674263960 |
Download Ontogeny and Phylogeny Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
“Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny” was Haeckel’s answer—the wrong one—to the most vexing question of nineteenth-century biology: what is the relationship between individual development (ontogeny) and the evolution of species and lineages (phylogeny)? In this, the first major book on the subject in fifty years, Stephen Jay Gould documents the history of the idea of recapitulation from its first appearance among the pre-Socratics to its fall in the early twentieth century. Mr. Gould explores recapitulation as an idea that intrigued politicians and theologians as well as scientists. He shows that Haeckel’s hypothesis—that human fetuses with gill slits are, literally, tiny fish, exact replicas of their water-breathing ancestors—had an influence that extended beyond biology into education, criminology, psychoanalysis (Freud and Jung were devout recapitulationists), and racism. The theory of recapitulation, Gould argues, finally collapsed not from the weight of contrary data, but because the rise of Mendelian genetics rendered it untenable. Turning to modern concepts, Gould demonstrates that, even though the whole subject of parallels between ontogeny and phylogeny fell into disrepute, it is still one of the great themes of evolutionary biology. Heterochrony—changes in developmental timing, producing parallels between ontogeny and phylogeny—is shown to be crucial to an understanding of gene regulation, the key to any rapprochement between molecular and evolutionary biology. Gould argues that the primary evolutionary value of heterochrony may lie in immediate ecological advantages for slow or rapid maturation, rather than in long-term changes of form, as all previous theories proclaimed. Neoteny—the opposite of recapitulation—is shown to be the most important determinant of human evolution. We have evolved by retaining the juvenile characters of our ancestors and have achieved both behavioral flexibility and our characteristic morphology thereby (large brains by prolonged retention of rapid fetal growth rates, for example). Gould concludes that “there may be nothing new under the sun, but permutation of the old within complex systems can do wonders. As biologists, we deal directly with the kind of material complexity that confers an unbounded potential upon simple, continuous changes in underlying processes. This is the chief joy of our science.”
Author | : Christopher John Humphries |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 272 |
Release | : 1988 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : |
Download Ontogeny and Systematics Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Pieter Smit |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 118 |
Release | : 1961 |
Genre | : Evolution |
ISBN | : |
Download Ontogenesis and Phylogenesis Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : R.G. Hassler |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 472 |
Release | : 2013-12-11 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1489965270 |
Download Evolution of the Forebrain Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Stephen J. Gould |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 1985 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Ontogeny and phylogeny Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Sidney Strauss |
Publisher | : Praeger |
Total Pages | : 192 |
Release | : 1988 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : |
Download Ontogeny, Phylogeny, and Historical Development Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The authors in this book treat a number of issues that pertain to relations between ontogeny, phylogeny, and historical development. Some show parallels among them, others show convergences, while still others show how they can inform each other. Chapters deal with the importance of this area for developmental theories, the distinction between changes in expert knowledge (as it pertains to historical development) and novice knowledge (ontogenesis), what constitutes a theory in science and in children's thought organizations, and the importance of historical models for characterizing children's conceptual structures.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 176 |
Release | : 1943 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Correlations of ontogenesis and phylogenesis in higher plants Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 1965 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Evolution of the forebrain Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Alexander V. Ereskovsky |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 382 |
Release | : 2010-03-27 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9048185750 |
Download The Comparative Embryology of Sponges Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
One of the major questions in the evolution of animals is the transition from unicellular to multicellular organization, which resulted in the emergence of Metazoa through a hypothetical Urmetazoa. The Comparative Embryology of Sponges contains abundant original and literary data on comparative embryology and morphology of the Porifera (Sponges), a group of 'lower Metazoa'. On the basis of this material, original typization of the development of Sponges is given and the problems concerning origin and evolution of Porifera and their ontogenesis are discussed. A morphogenetic interpretation of the body plan development during embryogenesis, metamorphosis and asexual reproduction in Sponges is proposed. Special attention is given to the analysis of characteristic features of the ontogenesis in Porifera. The book pursues three primary goals: 1) generalization of all existing information on individual development of sponges, its classification and a statement according to taxonomical structure of Porifera; 2) revealing of heterogeneity of morphogenesis and peculiarities of ontogeneses in various clades of Porifera, and also their correlations with the organization, both adult sponges, and their larvae; 3) revealing homology of morphogeneses in both Porifera and Eumetazoa, testifying to the general evolutionary roots of multicellular animals, and peculiar features of sponges' morphogeneses and ontogenesis. This book will be of interest to embryologists, zoologists, morphologists and researchers in evolutionary biology.
Author | : Verónica Guarner |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 210 |
Release | : 1996 |
Genre | : Ontogeny |
ISBN | : |
Download Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Functions Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle