Online Corrosion Monitoring For The Combined Combustion Of Coal And Chlorine Rich Biomasses In Pulverised Fuel And Circulating Fluidised Bed Systems Oncord PDF Download

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Online Corrosion Monitoring for the Combined Combustion of Coal and Chlorine-rich Biomasses in Pulverised Fuel and Circulating Fluidised Bed Systems (ONCORD)

Online Corrosion Monitoring for the Combined Combustion of Coal and Chlorine-rich Biomasses in Pulverised Fuel and Circulating Fluidised Bed Systems (ONCORD)
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2018
Genre:
ISBN: 9789279982989

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The main goal of the project was to develop online corrosion sensors in pulverised (PF) and circulating fluidised bed (CFB) combustion systems in order to fire biomass and other low-grade fuels safely at high portions in power plants. Another important goal was to find protective effects from coal in power plant furnaces during co-firing biomass and other low-grade fuels. The obtained results helped significantly to understand the information derived from corrosion sensors, which is essential to their integration for power plant process control. The studied sensors already in their present form have potential for power plant control. Due to the complicated character of signal formation and some needs to change particular details in the sensor construction, further development work would be useful. Optimising the sensitivity and availability to long-lasting reliable operation in very difficult environments would be key issues. The project results can also be utilised to re-consider the role of coal in energy production. The new idea to use coal as a protective agent ensuring biomass firing at very high portions instead of considering coal only as a co-firing fuel, can improve acceptance and public opinion to the use of coal in biomass power plants. The addition of coal in many biomass power plants has been forbidden so far due to fossil CO2 formation, which can prevent the utilisation of many potential biomass fuels in those plants. Experimental work was first conducted with pilot-scale pulverised fuel and circulating fluidised bed reactors with various sizes. The obtained results, refined further with modelling tools, were successfully used to conduct the power plant tests.


A NOVEL SENSOR AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR FIRESIDE CORROSION MONITORING IN COAL-FIRED BOILERS.

A NOVEL SENSOR AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR FIRESIDE CORROSION MONITORING IN COAL-FIRED BOILERS.
Author: Heng Ban
Publisher:
Total Pages: 59
Release: 2003
Genre:
ISBN:

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Fireside corrosion in coal-fired power plants is a major obstacle to increase the overall efficiency for power producers. The increased use of opportunity fuels and low emission combustion modes have aggravated the corrosion on boiler tube walls in power plants. Corrosion-induced equipment failure could lead to catastrophic damage and inflict significant loss of production and cost for repair. Monitoring fireside corrosion in a reliable and timely manner can provide significant benefits to the plant operation. Current corrosion inspection and measurement are typically performed during scheduled maintenance outages, which is often after the damage is done. In the past, there have been many attempts to develop real time continuous corrosion monitoring technologies. However, there is still no short-term, online corrosion monitoring system commercially available for fireside corrosion to date due to the extremely harsh combustion environment. This report describes the results of a laboratory feasibility study on the development effort of a novel sensor for on-line fireside corrosion monitoring. A novel sensor principle and thin-film technologies were employed in the corrosion sensor design and fabrication. The sensor and the measurement system were experimentally studied using laboratory muffle furnaces. The results indicated that an accurate measure of corrosion rate could be made with high sensitivity using the new sensor. The investigation proved the feasibility of the concept and demonstrated the sensor design, sensor fabrication, and measurement instrumentation at the laboratory scale. An uncertainty analysis of the measurement system was also performed to provide a basis for further improvement of the system for future pilot or full scale testing.


Corrosion Performance of Materials in Coal-combustion Environments

Corrosion Performance of Materials in Coal-combustion Environments
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 11
Release: 1993
Genre:
ISBN:

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Reliability of components and long-term trouble-free performance of structural materials are essential for the acceptance of power-generating process that utilize coal as a feedstock- The combustion environments encompass a wide range of oxygen partial pressures, from excess-air conditions in conventional systems to air-deficient conditions in low-NO[sub x] systems. Apart from the environmental aspects of the effluent from coal combustion, one of the concerns from the systems standpoint is the aggressiveness of the combustion environment toward the boiler structural components such as waterwall tubes and steam superheaters. The corrosion tests in this program address the combined effect of sulfur and chlorine on the corrosion response of several ASME-coded and noncoded boiler materials exposed to air-deficient and excess-air combustion conditions. Thermodynamic calculations were made to evaluate the gas chemistries that will arise from combustion of coals. The results of such calculations, coupled with oxygen-sulfur-chlorine thermochemical diagrams, were used to select gas environments for the laboratory test program. Tests were conducted at 400 and 650[degrees]C to stimulate the waterwall and superheater environments, respectively, in pulverized-coal-fired boilers. Experimental results obtained thus far indicate that both sulfur and chlorine can accelerate corrosion of ferritic and austenitic alloys; in addition, the protective capacity of the oxide scale in resisting further corrosion seems to degrade in the presence of both sulfur and chlorine.


Coal Gasification and Its Applications

Coal Gasification and Its Applications
Author: David A. Bell
Publisher: William Andrew
Total Pages: 414
Release: 2010-12-08
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1437778518

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Skyrocketing energy costs have spurred renewed interest in coal gasification. Currently available information on this subject needs to be updated, however, and focused on specific coals and end products. For example, carbon capture and sequestration, previously given little attention, now has a prominent role in coal conversion processes.This book approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, with topics chosen to aid the process engineer who is interested in a complete, coal-to-products system. It provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes.The first topic describes the nature and availability of coal. Next, the fundamentals of gasification are described, followed by a description of gasification technologies and gas cleaning processes. The conversion of syngas to electricity, fuels and chemicals is then discussed. Finally, process economics are covered. Emphasis is given to the selection of gasification technology based on the type of coal fed to the gasifier and desired end product: E.g., lower temperature gasifiers produce substantial quantities of methane, which is undesirable in an ammonia synthesis feed. This book also reviews gasification kinetics which is informed by recent papers and process design studies by the US Department of Energy and other groups, and also largely ignored by other gasification books.• Approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, providing a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes • Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes • Emphasizes the importance of the coal types fed to the gasifier and desired end products • Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books Provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of the coal conversion processes Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books


Environmental Engineering Dictionary and Directory

Environmental Engineering Dictionary and Directory
Author: Thomas M. Pankratz
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 340
Release: 2000-09-22
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1420032534

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Like most technical disciplines, environmental science and engineering is becoming increasingly specialized. As industry professionals focus on specific environmental subjects they become less familiar with environmental problems and solutions outside their area of expertise. This situation is compounded by the fact that many environmental science


Biomass Processing for Biofuels, Bioenergy and Chemicals

Biomass Processing for Biofuels, Bioenergy and Chemicals
Author: Wei-Hsin Chen
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 428
Release: 2020-05-23
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3039289098

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Biomass can be used to produce renewable electricity, thermal energy, transportation fuels (biofuels), and high-value functional chemicals. As an energy source, biomass can be used either directly via combustion to produce heat or indirectly after it is converted to one of many forms of bioenergy and biofuel via thermochemical or biochemical pathways. The conversion of biomass can be achieved using various advanced methods, which are broadly classified into thermochemical conversion, biochemical conversion, electrochemical conversion, and so on. Advanced development technologies and processes are able to convert biomass into alternative energy sources in solid (e.g., charcoal, biochar, and RDF), liquid (biodiesel, algae biofuel, bioethanol, and pyrolysis and liquefaction bio-oils), and gaseous (e.g., biogas, syngas, and biohydrogen) forms. Because of the merits of biomass energy for environmental sustainability, biofuel and bioenergy technologies play a crucial role in renewable energy development and the replacement of chemicals by highly functional biomass. This book provides a comprehensive overview and in-depth technical research addressing recent progress in biomass conversion processes. It also covers studies on advanced techniques and methods for bioenergy and biofuel production.


Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Processes

Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Processes
Author: Aldo Vieira da Rosa
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 865
Release: 2009-05-07
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0080878237

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We are hearing a LOT about renewable energy these days! But unlike most available resources on alternative energy that focus on politics and economic impacts, da Rosa's practical guide, Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Processes, is dedicated to explaining the scientific and technological principles and processes that enable energy production from safe, renewable, clean sources. Advances in the renewable energy sphere are proceeding with an unprecedented speed, and in order for the world's alarming energy challenges to be solved, solid, up-to-date resources addressing the technical aspects of renewables are essential. This new, updated 2e of da Rosa's successful book continues to give readers all the background they need to gain a thorough understanding of the most popular types of renewable energy—hydrogen, solar power, biomass, wind power, and hydropower—from the ground up. The latest advances in all these technologies are given particular attention, and are carefully contextualized to help professionals and students grasp the "whys and hows" behind these breakthroughs. Discusses how and why the most popular renewable energy sources work, including wind, solar, bio and hydrogen Provides a thorough technical grounding for all professionals and students investigating renewable energy The new 2e of a highly regarded guide written by an internationally renowned pioneer