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Conversion to On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation

Conversion to On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation
Author: Leonard Casson
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 216
Release: 2019-09-17
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1420031627

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Since the implementation of the USEPA Clean Air Act Risk Management Plan, many water treatment and wastewater treatment utilities have converted to on-site sodium hypochlorite generation. Conversion to On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation: Water and Wastewater Applications is a comprehensive text and design manual for on-site sodium hypochlorite


On-Site Generation of Hypochlorite (M65)

On-Site Generation of Hypochlorite (M65)
Author: American Water Works Association
Publisher: Amer Water Works Assn
Total Pages: 172
Release: 2014-10-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9781625760265

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As more water systems turn to safer alternatives to chlorine gas, the generation of hypochlorite on site has become increasingly common. M65, On-Site Generation of Hypochlorite, presents the principles of on-site generation (OSG), the differences between low-strength and high-strength OSG systems, and the subsequent impact each of these systems has on design, construction, and maintenance for water and wastewater utilities. M65 provides operators and engineering staff with a basic understanding of how to design and install both low- and high-strength OSG systems, how they work, and how they compare with other popular forms of chlorine currently on the market. A cost analysis and an examination of how OSG affects disinfection by-product formation are also included. This manual should help operators, planners, management, and engineers improve their decision-making processes about OSG systems using a holistic risk management approach that considers not only triple-bottom-line approaches but also the specific regional situation when choosing a chlorination system.


White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants

White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants
Author: Black & Veatch Corporation
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 1109
Release: 2011-09-20
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1118210557

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New edition covers the latest practices, regulations, and alternative disinfectants Since the publication of the Fourth Edition of White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants more than ten years ago, the water industry has made substantial advances in their understanding and application of chlorine, hypochlorite, and alternative disinfectants for water and wastewater treatment. This Fifth Edition, with its extensive updates and revisions, reflects the current state of the science as well as the latest practices. Balancing theory with practice, the Fifth Edition covers such important topics as: Advances in the use of UV and ozone as disinfectants Alternative disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide, iodine, and bromine-related products Advanced oxidation processes for drinking water and wastewater treatment New developments and information for the production and handling of chlorine Latest regulations governing the use of different disinfectants For each disinfectant, the book explains its chemistry, effectiveness, dosing, equipment, and system design requirements. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of each disinfectant are clearly set forth. References at the end of each chapter guide readers to the primary literature for further investigation. Authored and reviewed by leading experts in the field of water and wastewater treatment, this Fifth Edition remains an ideal reference for utilities, regulators, engineers, and plant operators who need current information on the disinfection of potable water, wastewater, industrial water, and swimming pools.


Conversion to On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation

Conversion to On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation
Author: Leonard Casson
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 207
Release: 2019-09-17
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0429524870

Download Conversion to On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle

Since the implementation of the USEPA Clean Air Act Risk Management Plan, many water treatment and wastewater treatment utilities have converted to on-site sodium hypochlorite generation. Conversion to On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation: Water and Wastewater Applications is a comprehensive text and design manual for on-site sodium hypochlorite


Hypochlorite Generator for Treatment of Combined Sewer Overflows

Hypochlorite Generator for Treatment of Combined Sewer Overflows
Author: Ionics, inc
Publisher:
Total Pages: 89
Release: 1972
Genre: Combined sewer overflows
ISBN:

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An advanced electrolytic generator has been developed for on-site production of sodium hypochlorite for disinfection of overflows from combined sewer systems. In this system an electrochemical cell electrolyzes sodium chloride brine to chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide solution, which are reacted immediately outside the cell to produce a 5 to 10% sodium hypochlorite solution. Significant advances in safety and economy have been realized by use of a hydraulically impermeable cation exchange membrane. The most critical components have operated for over 3000 hours with no deterioration of performance. The generator requires 1.6 KWH of electricity and 2.1 pounds of salt per pound of sodium hypochlorite. The operating cost for systems larger than 500 pounds of hypochlorite per day is projected to be 3 to 4 cents per pound of hypochlorite.


Sodium Hypochlorite via Chemical Process - Cost Analysis - Sodium Hypochlorite E11A

Sodium Hypochlorite via Chemical Process - Cost Analysis - Sodium Hypochlorite E11A
Author: Intratec
Publisher: Intratec Solutions
Total Pages: 52
Release: 2016-03-08
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1945324333

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This report presents a cost analysis of sodium hypochlorite production from sodium hydroxide and chlorine. The process examined is a typical chemical process. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Chlorine Oxides and Chlorine Oxygen Acids", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Bleach, Chlorination, Caustic Soda, NaOH, Solvay Chemicals, Chlor-alkali