On Measuring Aggregate Social Efficiency PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download On Measuring Aggregate Social Efficiency PDF full book. Access full book title On Measuring Aggregate Social Efficiency.
Author | : Martin Ravallion |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 29 |
Release | : 2003 |
Genre | : Life expectancy |
ISBN | : |
Download On Measuring Aggregate "social Efficiency" Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Cross-country comparisons of social indicators controlling for income and/or social spending have been widely used to measure and explain "social efficiency" analogously to "technical efficiency" in production. The author argues that these methods are clouded in ambiguities about what exactly is being measured. Standard methods of measuring technical efficiency require assumptions that seem unlikely to hold for social indicators. In the context of a simple parametric model of life expectancy, conditions are identified under which there will be a systematic pattern of bias in estimates of efficient health spending.
Author | : Martin Ravallion |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 29 |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download On Measuring Aggregate "Social Efficiency" Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Cross-country comparisons of social indicators controlling for income and/or social spending have been widely used to measure and explain quot;social efficiencyquot; analogously to quot;technical efficiencyquot; in production. Ravallion argues that these methods are clouded in ambiguities about what exactly is being measured. Standard methods of measuring technical efficiency require assumptions that seem unlikely to hold for social indicators. In the context of a simple parametric model of life expectancy, conditions are identified under which there will be a systematic pattern of bias in estimates of efficient health spending.This paper - a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the reliability of empirical methods used to inform policy debates.
Author | : Venelin Terziev |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 6 |
Release | : 2018 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Social Efficiency as a Measure of Social Activities Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Speaking of efficiency as a key concept for any socio-economic activity, the focus is traditionally on economic efficiency, expressed in the "costs-effects (benefits)" correlation. Since every social activity is carried out with even more limited resources, the approach should be as to an economic activity. Moreover, "any purposeful activity in which the limited resources are allocated and combined between alternatives, as maximizing of the effect or cost minimization is possible" is considered as such. The ratio between costs and benefits of a resource or combination of resources to achieve a set, per-determined objective and on this basis the rationalization of the management decisions come to the fore. In this sense, the "cost-effect" correlation can be used as a "tool for planning; instrument for decision-making and environment for historical documentation of the decisions made".This fundamental principle, characterizing the economic efficiency is one of the sides to study the effectiveness of the activity. However, any activity is social by its nature and determines the need of measurability of the social effects. On this basis, the so-called social efficiency is more and more discussed in recent years. Unlike the economic efficiency, the social efficiency does not have so direct character, it is rather a more complex category and is difficult to express in one dimension. Another approach where efficiency is measured at the level of protection of the balanced interests of the state and society is also worth attention. The work of the state apparatus may be recognized as effective only in case if it successfully solves the problem for optimal protection of the interests of the population, social groups and every person. In this dual task, the most important part is the concept of efficiency of the state apparatus.According to this approach, the efficiency is expressed in expanding the opportunities for active civic life of every citizen, the society and the efficiency of the state. It is determined by a well-functioning activity system of the state organs, their ability to legally implement state interests and implement state policy on social and community development.
Author | : Harold O. Fried |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 723 |
Release | : 2008-02-04 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0199884803 |
Download The Measurement of Productive Efficiency and Productivity Growth Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
When Harold Fried, et al. published The Measurement of Productive Efficiency: Techniques and Applications with OUP in 1993, the book received a great deal of professional interest for its accessible treatment of the rapidly growing field of efficiency and productivity analysis. The first several chapters, providing the background, motivation, and theoretical foundations for this topic, were the most widely recognized. In this tight, direct update, these same editors have compiled over ten years of the most recent research in this changing field, and expanded on those seminal chapters. The book will guide readers from the basic models to the latest, cutting-edge extensions, and will be reinforced by references to classic and current theoretical and applied research. It is intended for professors and graduate students in a variety of fields, ranging from economics to agricultural economics, business administration, management science, and public administration. It should also appeal to public servants and policy makers engaged in business performance analysis or regulation.
Author | : P.K. Rao |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 178 |
Release | : 2010-06-14 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 3642051081 |
Download The Architecture of Green Economic Policies Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
After numerous scienti?c papers and books on most aspects of climate change and the design of pro-environmental policies (including some that suit some industrial lobby or another), is there relevance for another book and what is the purported role of this one? Is this yet another academic exercise or “much ado about nothing”? Do we have to bother designing green economic policies and incur transaction costs of this effort? Are there shortcomings of existing policies if we care to live “happily” on this planet? Is it not enough to care for the current generations so that the future generations can take care of themselves (or even be given the incentives for in- vations – for lack of fully provided resources)? What can “we” do about the green economic policies (and what are these anyway)? What trade-offs, if any, are re- vant in foregoing some bene?ts and in incurring some costs (not all of which can be expressed in monetary units)? What are the overarching objectives and priorities in the current context? What economic and other approaches are relevant for atta- ing the objectives? These are some of the questions the author re?ected in writing this book.
Author | : United States. Public Health Service. Panel on Cost-effectiveness in Health and Medicine |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 316 |
Release | : 1996 |
Genre | : Cost effectiveness |
ISBN | : |
Download Cost-effectiveness in Health and Medicine Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 998 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : Expenditures, Public |
ISBN | : |
Download Public Expenditure Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Dominique Van de Walle |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 42 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : Curriculum |
ISBN | : |
Download A Micro- Decomposition Analysis of the Macroeconomic Determinants of Human Development Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Abstract: This paper shows how differences in aggregate human development outcomes over time and space can be additively decomposed into a pure economic-growth component, a component attributed to differences in the distribution of income, and components attributed to "non-income" factors and differences in the model linking outcomes to income or non-income characteristics. The income effect at the micro level is modeled non-parametrically, so as to flexibly reflect distributional changes. The paper illustrates the decomposition using data for Morocco and Vietnam, and the results offer some surprising insights into the observed aggregate gains in schooling attainments. A user friendly STATA program is available to implement the method in other settings.
Author | : Yoshitsugu Hayashi |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 291 |
Release | : 2014-11-25 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 3319065238 |
Download Intercity Transport and Climate Change Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
While intercity passenger transport counts for about 2% of the total passenger transport volume the share of the total passenger kilometers traveled is estimated more than one third. In many countries the major part of intercity transport is performed by car and air and as a result, the contribution to the carbon footprint is substantially higher than the share of overall passenger transport performance. This creates a challenge to develop a sustainable organization of intercity transport which requires a true joint effort of policy makers, industry sectors and households. This presupposes that all options for reducing the carbon footprint of the transport modes – car, air and rail – are fully exploited through modern propulsion technology, use of regenerative energy and efficient organization of transport processes. Basic conditions for meeting this requirement are an incentive compatible public framework of regulation, taxation, charging and education, the private willingness to adjust to new behavioral patterns and a consequent push of technological progress towards energy and CO2 savings. This book begins with an international comparison of intercity transport and the current state of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of this transport segment. A focus is given to comparing the situation in the EU, the US and Japan while describing the more recent development of intercity transport in China, followed by an analysis of intercity transport policies and their contribution to meet the global climate change issues. This book will be of interest to researchers in transportation economics and policy, as well as civil engineering and planning.
Author | : Adam Lindgreen |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 294 |
Release | : 2018-09-03 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1315401894 |
Download Measuring and Controlling Sustainability Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Efforts to establish the measurement and control of sustainability have produced notable tools, but those instruments lack applicability in practice. Increasing the level of standardization of such tools also seems difficult to achieve, because the contexts surrounding the focal organizations differ considerably. Therefore, what we need is a systematic, interdisciplinary assessment of how to measure and control sustainability, so that we can establish an essential definition and up-to-date picture of the field. Measuring and Controlling Sustainability attempts to provide such an assessment in 17 chapters, organized into four main topic sections: (a) organizations and social value creation: concepts, responsibilities, and barriers; (b) accounting, measurement, performance, and diffusion of social value; (c) practical and managerial insights from real-life cases; and (d) choices, incentives, guidance, and ethics. This research anthology provides a comprehensive collection of cutting-edge theories and research that will further the development and advancement of measuring and controlling sustainable efforts in theory and managerial practice.