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| Author | : Elena Sidorova |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2022 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Ivan Shabalov |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 216 |
| Release | : 2018-09-25 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3030006476 |
This book summarizes the results of experimental work on the development of technologies for the manufacture of sour service line pipe steels. It presents the latest theories on the mechanisms of cracking and factors affecting fracture resistance in H2S-containing media of low-alloy pipe steels. The authors propose methods for improving the quality of continuously cast slabs and show the effect of the chemical composition on the microstructure and properties of rolled plates for pipes. Considerable attention is paid to the metallurgical aspects of microstructure formation and its mechanical properties, as well as the enhancement and cracking resistance of sour service sheets under thermomechanical rolling with accelerated cooling. In brief, the book presents a cutting-edge overview of sour service sheet and pipe production.
| Author | : Roland Kiessling |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 216 |
| Release | : 1978 |
| Genre | : Oxides |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : A. Kazakov |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 9 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : Automated feature SEM/EDS analysis |
| ISBN | : |
The non-metallic inclusions in steel are one of the most important parameters of metallurgical quality. Despite the extensive progress in thermodynamic description of non-metallic inclusions formation in the liquid and solidifying steel, a complete simulation of their evolution during secondary metallurgy, casting and solidification is impossible. The processes for non-metallic inclusion formation, growth and elimination, taking into account macro- and micro-segregation evolution, are too complicated. Therefore, a statistically reliable estimation of the amount, morphology, size distribution and chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions obtained by modern experimental approaches could be an important basis for understanding steelmaking technology. Automated feature SEM/EDS analysis of the chemical composition, size, and volume fraction of more than 600 non-metallic inclusions in rail steel was conducted. Analysis of these non-metallic inclusions' database by developed software found the following clusters of inclusions: (1) oxides, Al-Ca-Si-Mn-S-O; (2) predominantly sulfides, Mn-S-Al-Ti-O; (3) oxides and sulfides, Mn-S-O; and (4) complex non-metallic inclusions, Ti-Mn-O(N). All found compositions of non-metallic inclusions were placed on the ternary diagram Mn-Al-S and they lined up from the Al corner to the MnS point on the Mn-S axis. The chemical compositions of the non-metallic inclusions evolved from Al-Ca-Si-Mn-S-O to Mn-S-Al-Ti-O and, finally, to the Mn-S-O+Ti-Mn-O(N) system. Interpretation of the chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions by thermodynamic modeling revealed the nature of each cluster with correspondence to the secondary metallurgy stage where they were formed. This information could be useful for improvement of steelmaking technology. Accumulation of cluster analysis results for non-metallic inclusions in different steels could be a basis for the development of a universal classification of non-metallic inclusions produced by modern secondary metallurgy technologies.
| Author | : Zushu Li |
| Publisher | : MDPI |
| Total Pages | : 464 |
| Release | : 2019-08-13 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3039213296 |
Steel is a critical material in our societies and will remain an important one for a long time into the future. In the last two decades, the world steel industry has gone through drastic changes and this is predicted to continue in the future. The Asian countries (e.g. China, India) have been dominant in the production of steel creating global over-capacity, while the steel industry in the developed countries have made tremendous efforts to reinforce its global leadership in process technology and product development, and remain sustainable and competitive. The global steel industry is also facing various grand challenges in strict environmental regulation, new energy and materials sources, and ever-increasing customer requirements for high quality steel products, which has been addressed accordingly by the global iron and steel community. This Special Issue, “Ironmaking and Steelmaking”, released by the journal Metals, published 33 high quality articles from the international iron and steel community, covering the state-of-the-art of the ironmaking and steelmaking processes. This includes fundamental understanding, experimental investigation, pilot plant trials, industrial applications and big data utilization in the improvement and optimization of existing processes, and research and development in transformative technologies. It is hoped that the creation of this special issue as a scientific platform will help drive the iron and steel community to build a sustainable steel industry.
| Author | : B. Baroux |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 93 |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789282850527 |
| Author | : N. J. Keegan |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 1987 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Marjan Alsadat Kashfipour |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 115 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : Austenitic stainless steel |
| ISBN | : |
Although the effect of non-metallic inclusions on pitting corrosion of stainless steel alloys have been an interesting topic during last decades, the role of the inclusions on pitting initiation and propagation is still under discussion. In this study, different types of inclusions consisting of carbon, nitrogen, silicon, oxygen, manganese, Sulfur etc. on 304L and 303 stainless steels have been investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) techniques. Preliminary in-situ AFM results in 0.1 M NaCl indicate the deposition of copper on MnS inclusions at anodic potentials but not at the Open Circuit Potential (OCP). No pitting was observed at MnS inclusions or the adjacent area. Pit propagation at the MnS-matrix boundaries was observed in-situ while it was exposed to 0.1 M NaCl solution. In these experiments samples were pretreated by exposure to acidic chloride solution at the OCP. Although it was initially appeared to be pit initiation, it was demonstrated later via SEM-FIB analysis that the observed trenches on the surface were in fact the propagated pits below the surface which reached to the top at some point. Based on SEM-FIB cross-section observation, the MnS inclusions were passivated by a thin layer of copper, presumably as Cu2S. Further examination of other types of inclusions, showed that there was no pitting corrosion at the inclusion-matrix boundaries. This indicates that local chemistry and not the geometry is the more probable reason for the MnS-matrix boundaries to be corroded.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 118 |
| Release | : 1968 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : George E. Totten |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 3918 |
| Release | : 2016-01-06 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1466511052 |
The first of many important works featured in CRC Press’ Metals and Alloys Encyclopedia Collection, the Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys covers all the fundamental, theoretical, and application-related aspects of the metallurgical science, engineering, and technology of iron, steel, and their alloys. This Five-Volume Set addresses topics such as extractive metallurgy, powder metallurgy and processing, physical metallurgy, production engineering, corrosion engineering, thermal processing, metalworking, welding, iron- and steelmaking, heat treating, rolling, casting, hot and cold forming, surface finishing and coating, crystallography, metallography, computational metallurgy, metal-matrix composites, intermetallics, nano- and micro-structured metals and alloys, nano- and micro-alloying effects, special steels, and mining. A valuable reference for materials scientists and engineers, chemists, manufacturers, miners, researchers, and students, this must-have encyclopedia: Provides extensive coverage of properties and recommended practices Includes a wealth of helpful charts, nomograms, and figures Contains cross referencing for quick and easy search Each entry is written by a subject-matter expert and reviewed by an international panel of renowned researchers from academia, government, and industry. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]
