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NGOs, the State, and Legitimacy in Contemporary China

NGOs, the State, and Legitimacy in Contemporary China
Author: Eunhou Song
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:
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What explains the explosive growth of the NGO sector in China in recent decades? The extant literature on civil society and the state focuses on the organizations themselves, which falls short in explaining the phenomenon. By parting away from the agency and focusing on the state incentives, this dissertation explores why the state has facilitated the growth of the sector in recent decades. An important assumption that is clarified in this dissertation is that the NGO sector in China not only comprises civilian-established civil society organizations but also government-established groups and former public agencies that have been transitioned to NGOs. When examining state incentives, two incentives emerge - one is economic, which relates to the idea of using the legal term of "NGOs" to downsize parts of the bureaucracy, and second is political, which centers on using NGOs to outsource services with the ultimate goal of appeasing the masses. The former strategy emerged as early as the early 90s and was implemented in several provinces in the early 2000s as a response to fiscal shocks stemming from the tax-for-fee reforms. The comparison of China's case with NGO policy development in other authoritarian states -- Kazakhstan, Russia, and Belarus suggests that China is unique in that its incentive for NGO sector expansion was not only economic but political. The empirical evidence is drawn from county-level statistics, rural governance data (CHIP), fieldwork, web-scraped data on NGOs, a unique survey conducted in the field, and case studies.

Regime Legitimacy in Contemporary China

Regime Legitimacy in Contemporary China
Author: Thomas Heberer
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 401
Release: 2008-08-01
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1134036299
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Using in-depth case studies of a wide-range of political, social and economic reforms in contemporary China this volume sheds light on the significance and consequences of institutional change for stability of the political system in China. The contributors examine how reforms shape and change Communist rule and Chinese society, and to what extent they may engender new legitimacy for the CCP regime and argue that authoritarian regimes like the PRC can successfully generate stability in the same way as democracies. Topics addressed include: ideological reform, rural tax- for-fees reforms, elections in villages and urban neighbourhood communities, property rights in rural industries, endogenous political constraints of transition, internalising capital markets, the media market in transition, the current social security system, the labour market environmental policy reforms to anti-poverty policies and NGOs. Exploring the possibility of legitimate one-party rule in China, this book is a stimulating and informative read for students and scholars interested in political science and Chinese politics

NGO Governance and Management in China

NGO Governance and Management in China
Author: Reza Hasmath
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 224
Release: 2015-07-16
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1317437136
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As China becomes increasingly integrated into the global system there will be continuing pressure to acknowledge and engage with non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Suffice to say, without a clear understanding of the state’s interaction with NGOs, and vice versa, any political, economic and social analysis of China will be incomplete. This book provides an urgent insight into contemporary state-NGO relations. It brings together the most recent research covering three broad themes, namely the conceptualizations and subsequent functions of NGOs; state-NGO engagement; and NGOs as a mediator between state and society in contemporary China. The book provides a future glimpse into the challenges of state-NGO interactions in China's rapidly developing regions, which will aid NGOs strategic planning in both the short- and long-term. In addition, it allows a measure of predictability in our assessment of Chinese NGOs behaviour, notably when they eventually move their areas of operation from the domestic sphere to an international one. The salient themes, concepts, theories and practice discussed in this book will be of acute interest to students, scholars and practitioners in development studies, public administration, and Chinese and Asian politics. Reza Hasmath is a Lecturer in Chinese Politics at the University of Oxford, UK, and an Associate Professor in Political Science at the University of Alberta, Canada. His research looks at state-society relationships, the labour market experiences of ethnic minorities, and development theories and practices. Jennifer Y.J. Hsu is an Assistant Professor in Political Science at the University of Alberta, Canada. Her recent publications include a co-authored book HIV/AIDS in China: The Economic and Social Determinants (Routledge, 2011), and a co-edited book The Chinese Corporatist State: Adaption, Survival and Resistance (Routledge, 2012).

Non-Governmental Organizations in Contemporary China

Non-Governmental Organizations in Contemporary China
Author: Qiusha Ma
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 257
Release: 2005-11-16
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1134224117
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Based on documentary materials including interviews with key players in China, this book charts the development of non-governmental and non-profit organizations in China from the late 1970s to the present day. It recounts how in the aftermath of the 1978 reforms that created a market economy and diversified interests and social life, new institutions and organizations outside of the state system increased dramatically in number, size and influence. These organizations, which barely existed before the reforms began in the late 1970s, carry out many social, economic and cultural tasks neglected by the government. Qiusha Ma examines two key questions crucial to understanding the development of NGOs in China: First, is it possible under China’s one-party state for non-governmental organizations to thrive and play important economic, social and political functions? And secondly, are NGOs facilitating the formation of a civil society in China?

Building Civil Society in Authoritarian China

Building Civil Society in Authoritarian China
Author: John W. Tai
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 151
Release: 2014-08-28
Genre: Law
ISBN: 3319036653
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How is modern civil society created? There are few contemporary studies on this important question and when it is addressed, scholars tend to emphasize the institutional environment that facilitates a modern civil society. However, there is a need for a new perspective on this issue. Contemporary China, where a modern civil society remains in a nascent stage, offers a valuable site to seek new answers. Through a comparative analysis of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in today’s China, this study shows the importance of the human factor, notably the NGO leadership, in the establishment of a modern civil society. In particular, in recognition of the social nature of NGOs, this study engages in a comparative examination of Chinese NGO leaders’ state linkage, media connections and international ties in order to better understand how each factor contributes to effective NGOs.

The Chinese Party-State in the 21st Century

The Chinese Party-State in the 21st Century
Author: Andre Laliberte
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 349
Release: 2007-12-18
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1134058276
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As the Chinese Communist Party continues to move away from socialism, it faces a growing number of challenges to the claim that it represents the sole legitimate governing body in China. In order to reaffirm itself as the most effective force for keeping the country together, the CCP has adapted to contemporary political conundrums in a variety of ways. Rejecting pessimistic perspectives which predict an erosion of state power or naive optimism that state-society relations will evolve towards a Western-style pluralist democracy in the foreseeable future, the contributions to this volume explore many ways in which the CCP selectively adapts to the challenges that have arisen from its strategy of rapid economic growth at the expense of political reform, in order to maintain its authority and relevance. Examining trends such as the reliance on religious charities originating from outside the PRC, the revival of local governance in urban settings, the passing of legislation for workers, or the multiplication of environmental non-governmental organizations, this book tackles the question of whether the Chinese government can overcome these challenges. The Chinese Party-State in the 21st Century: Adaptation and the Reinvention of Legitimacy w ill appeal to students and scholars of Chinese politics, Asian politics, comparative politics and political sociology.

Non-Governmental Organisations in China

Non-Governmental Organisations in China
Author: Yiyi Lu
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 353
Release: 2008-10-27
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1134047355
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As Chinese society becomes more open, and hopes rise that control by the Communist Party may become more relaxed, a great deal is expected from non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the formation of civil society. This book, based on extensive original research including detailed interview research in over 40 Chinese NGOs, discusses the current position of NGOs within China. It argues that although all NGOs – both those originating as a result of government initiatives, and those which are popularly-organised – are dependent on the state, all enjoy a very large degree of autonomy. This autonomy arises in part because of the limited capacity of central government to control NGOs, and in part because of the fragmented and non-monolithic nature of the state, which enables individual bureaucratic patrons to protect particular NGOs, especially officially-organised ones, from the full impact of state control. The book also discusses the skill base of NGOs, showing that this is somewhat limited, and argues that, contrary to current hopes that NGOs and thereby civil society may flourish, the lack of state control is already leading to an "uncivil society" where rules do not exist or are ignored, and where organisations which are supposed to work for the public interest are being used to serve illegitimate private interests instead.

NGOs and Accountability in China

NGOs and Accountability in China
Author: Jude Howell
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Total Pages: 227
Release: 2019-01-10
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 9783030079666
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This book investigates how NGOs in authoritarian states, such as China, craft accountability and legitimacy to ensure their survival. It explores this through the lens of child welfare organisations from 2007 to 2017. The authors provide a fresh approach to accountability that is more attuned to the particular conditions of authoritarianism. The project explores the effects of power relations in shaping the hierarchies of accountability and participation that emerge and the attention given to different voices such as those of donor, government, and users. Essential reading for researchers and policy makers interested in development, NGO, social policy, political science, and child welfare studies.

Allies or Adversaries

Allies or Adversaries
Author: Jennifer N. Brass
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 293
Release: 2016-08-18
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 110716298X
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This book explores how rise of NGOs in developing countries has affected service provision, governance, state-society relations, and state development.

Social Organizations and the Authoritarian State in China

Social Organizations and the Authoritarian State in China
Author: Timothy Hildebrandt
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 235
Release: 2013-02-18
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1139627570
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Received wisdom suggests that social organizations (such as non-government organizations, NGOs) have the power to upend the political status quo. However, in many authoritarian contexts, such as China, NGO emergence has not resulted in this expected regime change. In this book, Timothy Hildebrandt shows how NGOs adapt to the changing interests of central and local governments, working in service of the state to address social problems. In doing so, the nature of NGO emergence in China effectively strengthens the state, rather than weakens it. This book offers a groundbreaking comparative analysis of Chinese social organizations across the country in three different issue areas: environmental protection, HIV/AIDS prevention, and gay and lesbian rights. It suggests a new way of thinking about state-society relations in authoritarian countries, one that is distinctly co-dependent in nature: governments require the assistance of NGOs to govern while NGOs need governments to extend political, economic and personal opportunities to exist.