Neuroimaging Biomarkers For The Prediction Of Treatment Response In Schizophrenia PDF Download
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| Author | : Nathan Lyle Hutcheson |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 159 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Neuroimaging Biomarkers for the Prediction of Treatment Response in Schizophrenia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Schizophrenia is a severe debilitating mental illness that affects approximately 1% of people worldwide. Compared to healthy controls (HC), patients with schizophrenia (SZ) have memory deficits, specifically prominent disruptions in their episodic memory. These memory disruptions are thought to be caused by altered structure and function of areas within the memory network, specifically the prefrontal and temporal lobe including the hippocampus. Recently, identifying biomarkers of treatment response by using neuroimaging has become a prominent area of interest in schizophrenia. Biomarkers in schizophrenia could help by allowing for more efficient treatment using current method and also the development of novel treatments. The primary objective of this dissertation research was to use non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), to examine structural and functional features of schizophrenia as it relates to the memory network and treatment response. In the first study, we conducted a multimodal fMRI blood oxygen leveldependent (BOLD) and MRS study in healthy controls and chronic patients with schizophrenia stable on medication and found that patients showed decreased BOLD signal during encoding and retrieval within prominent regions of the memory network during an episodic memory task. Also, we found a significant correlation between the metabolites N-acetylaspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr) and glutamate+ glutamine (Glx/Cr) in our healthy control group but not in schizophrenia. In the second study, we used an automated algorithm, FreeSurfer, to measure the volume of the basal ganglia in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia. We found that treatment response was significantly correlated with all regions of the basal ganglia measured (caudate, putamen, and pallidum) and that the caudate volume explains a significant amount of the variance in treatment response even when controlling for baseline symptom severity and duration of illness. In the third study, we measured effective connectivity within regions of the memory network in patients with schizophrenia off-medication and again after 1-week of treatment with an APD. We found that while off medication SZ showed decreased connectivity within the memory network and that after 1-week of medication that the connectivity within the memory network increased.
| Author | : Marek Kubicki |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 432 |
| Release | : 2020-02-18 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3030352064 |
Download Neuroimaging in Schizophrenia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This comprehensive book explains the importance of imaging techniques in exploring and understanding the role of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. The findings obtained using individual imaging modalities and their biological interpretation are reviewed in detail, and updates are provided on methodology, testable hypotheses, limitations, and new directions for research. The coverage also includes important recent applications of neuroimaging to schizophrenia, for example in relation to non-pharmacological interventions, brain development, genetics, and prediction of treatment response and outcome. Written by world renowned experts in the field, the book will be invaluable to all who wish to learn about the newest and most important developments in neuroimaging research in schizophrenia, how these developments relate to the last 30 years of research, and how they can be leveraged to bring us closer to a cure for this devastating disorder. Neuroimaging in Schizophrenia will assist clinicians in navigating what is an extremely complex field and will be a source of insight and stimulation for researchers.
| Author | : Jennifer A. Hadley |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 127 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : Antipsychotic drugs |
| ISBN | : |
Download Imaging Biomarkers for Prediction of Treatment Response in Schizophrenia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the population and is one of the top five causes of disability worldwide. Patient response to any particular drug is variable and currently unpredictable. Our overall goal is to identify imaging biomarkers that will distinguish patients with schizophrenia who will respond to an antipsychotic drug from those who will not. When considering potential biomarkers, it is important to note that schizophrenia is known to involve altered neuronal connections, thought to reflect pathologically relevant changes associated with the disease. We propose to utilize functional connectivity as a biomarker for treatment response to antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia. Our previous imaging studies have made significant progress by identifying several brain regions that show changes in blood flow in response to antipsychotic drugs. The proposed research will build upon this work, by examining differences in connectivity between these regions, using a region-based analysis, and globally, using a network-based analysis, at three time points in antipsychotic drug treatment: (1) in the medication-free, pre-treatment baseline state, (2) after one week of treatment, and (3) after six weeks of treatment.
| Author | : Judith Pratt |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 437 |
| Release | : 2019-01-05 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3319996428 |
Download Biomarkers in Psychiatry Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This volume addresses one of the Holy Grails in Psychiatry, namely the evidence for and potential to adopt ‘Biomarkers’ for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment responses in mental health conditions. It meshes together state of the art research from international renowned pre-clinical and clinical scientists to illustrate how the fields of anxiety disorders, depression, psychotic disorders, and autism spectrum disorder have advanced in recent years.
| Author | : Silvana Galderisi |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 349 |
| Release | : 2019-01-31 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 331997307X |
Download Neuroimaging of Schizophrenia and Other Primary Psychotic Disorders Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book presents the state of the art in the use of neuroimaging technologies in the study of schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders. The contributions of neuroimaging in the characterization of these disorders are reviewed across diagnoses, by focusing on psychopathological domains and at-risk populations in order to understand the implications for treatment. The principal neuroimaging findings are described in detail, identifying those that are common to and specific for each disorder and highlighting important pitfalls. Attention is drawn to potential translational aspects of research in the field, with discussion of emerging innovative perspectives. Neuroimaging research has shown that abnormalities of brain structure and function associated with psychiatric disorders do not reflect the boundaries of current diagnostic categories. However, neuroimaging findings are being reconsidered in the light of recent research proposals aimed at re-conceptualizing classification systems in Psychiatry. Written by leading experts, this book will appeal to all with an interest in the field, including researchers, clinicians, and trainees.
| Author | : Leanne M. Williams, Ph.D. |
| Publisher | : American Psychiatric Pub |
| Total Pages | : 302 |
| Release | : 2021-10-15 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1615371583 |
Download Precision Psychiatry Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Precision psychiatry, as outlined in this groundbreaking book, presents a new path forward. By integrating findings from basic and clinical neuroscience, clinical practice, and population-level data, the field seeks to develop therapeutic approaches tailored for specific individuals with a specific constellation of health issues, characteristics, strengths, and symptoms.
| Author | : Willem Bruin |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2024 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Psychiatry Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"Diagnosis in psychiatry relies on the subjective assessment of symptoms, both reported by patients and observed by clinicians. This purely symptom-based classification has its limitations. Patients with the same diagnosis express different symptoms, and there is considerable overlap in symptoms across different mental disorders, leading to the possibility of over- or misdiagnosis. Moreover, these diagnoses tell us little about the individual patient, as treatment guidelines tend to follow a one-size-fits-all approach that may not be effective for every patient, resulting in delayed or ineffective treatment for some. To address these issues, there has been a shift towards more objective approaches to diagnosis and personalized treatment in psychiatry . An important means to this end is the search for objective biomarkers , which are measurable characteristics that indicate normal (neuro)biological processes or responses to therapeutic intervention. These biomarkers could help clinicians make more evidence-based decisions that are tailored to individual patients, potentially leading to more efficient and effective psychiatric care. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether machine learning techniques could be used to find generalizable biomarkers for various psychiatric disorders. We used neuroimaging data to develop diagnostic biomarkers for OCD, (trans)diagnostic biomarkers for anxiety disorders in juveniles, and biomarkers predictive for ECT treatment outcome in patients with depression. This thesis showed that machine learning techniques can be applied to predict diagnosis and treatment outcome with variable success. Future studies should carefully consider sources of heterogeneity to facilitate the development of more accurate and clinically relevant biomarkers, ultimately improving psychiatric care."--
| Author | : W Gaebel |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 232 |
| Release | : 1994-12-02 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9783709166376 |
Download Prediction of Neuroleptic Treatment Outcome in Schizophrenia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Prognosis is a core concept in psychiatry. This book is concerned with prediction of neuroleptic treatment outcome in schizophrenia from a conceptual and methodological point of view. Various aspects of the topic, such as definition and measurement of response, dimensions of treatment outcome, neuropsychological, neuropsychopharmacological and neurobiochemical predictors as well as the clinical application of neuroimaging methods and neurogenetics are treated by experts in the field. One aim of the book is to summarize the present state of the art in prediction research and thereby to provide a useful compendium. Moreover guidelines for future research strategies are formulated.
| Author | : Bernhard Baune |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 604 |
| Release | : 2019-10-16 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0128131772 |
Download Personalized Psychiatry Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Personalized Psychiatry presents the first book to explore this novel field of biological psychiatry that covers both basic science research and its translational applications. The book conceptualizes personalized psychiatry and provides state-of-the-art knowledge on biological and neuroscience methodologies, all while integrating clinical phenomenology relevant to personalized psychiatry and discussing important principles and potential models. It is essential reading for advanced students and neuroscience and psychiatry researchers who are investigating the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Combines neurobiology with basic science methodologies in genomics, epigenomics and transcriptomics Demonstrates how the statistical modeling of interacting biological and clinical information could transform the future of psychiatry Addresses fundamental questions and requirements for personalized psychiatry from a basic research and translational perspective
| Author | : Cynthia H. Y. Fu |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 288 |
| Release | : 2003-09-26 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9781841842295 |
Download Neuroimaging in Psychiatry Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
New neuroimaging techniques are developing at a break neck pace-every academic journal contains glossy pictures of brain activity corresponding to a particular task emblazoned in glorious technicolor. Discoveries about brain function in psychiatric disorders have been made at an equally rapid rate. However, most books on the subject have been written from a technical point of view. An introductory, easy-to-read guide, Neuroimaging in Psychiatry provides an overview and the clinical relevance of the latest neuroimaging findings. With contributions from an international panel of experts, this book reviews current findings from neuroimaging in schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, eating disorders, psychopathy, aging, and drug addiction. Chapter authors explore innovative and imaginative uses of neuro imaging technology, implications for our understanding of these disorders, and their impact on clinical practice. The book gives you a general overview of the main techniques to help you successfully complete a neuroimaging project.
