Neural Substrates Of Impaired Behavioral Inhibition In Williams Syndrome A Disorder Of Social Cognition PDF Download
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Author | : Kari Hanson |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 134 |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Neural Substrates of Impaired Behavioral Inhibition in Williams Syndrome, a Disorder of Social Cognition Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The evolution of the human brain has yielded advanced cognitive capacities supporting the development of language, technologically advanced material culture, and highly complex social behavior that has allowed for the development of the rich diversity of human cultures. Comparative neuroanatomy in evolutionary perspective continues to make great strides in characterizing and defining unique elements of the human neuroanatomical phenotype at the gross and microscopic level that underlie these key behavioral adaptations. In conjunction with these studies, an understanding of the functional implications of derived anatomical traits is gained through analyses of neurodevelopmental disorders, which help to define a spectrum of variation in the diversity of human brain phenotypes. Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a hemideletion of ~1.6 Mb (25-28 genes) on human chromosome 7q11.23, a highly dynamic region associated with recent adaptive selection in hominoid lineages. Analyzing the neuroanatomical phenotype in WS provides the unique opportunity to study correlates of a distinctive cognitive and behavioral phenotype in a neurodevelopmental disorder of known genetic cause. Among the most notable behavioral phenotypes observed in WS is a generalized disinhibition of social behavior, likely rooted in the dysfunction of frontostriatal circuitry. We targeted the rostral territories of the striatum in that share important connectivity with the prefrontal cortex in reward circuitry. We provide new evidence for variation in neuroanatomy in WS underlying its unusual social and cognitive phenotype. Specifically, we found increased glial cell density in the caudate nucleus of the striatum, as well as a significant increase in the density of oligodendrocytes in the medial caudate nucleus, likely related to dysfunctional connectivity with the prefrontal cortex. We additionally found a decrease in the density of cholinergic interneurons in the medial caudate nucleus, which may serve important functions in the regulation of social interaction. These data suggest that deficits in behavioral control may be linked to dysfunction of local circuitry within the striatum in WS, mediated by imbalance between neuronal and glial cell density and interneuron function, which may underlie important differences in social behavior.
Author | : Bradford Dickerson |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 705 |
Release | : 2014-08-01 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0199928460 |
Download Dementia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Dementia: Comprehensive Principles and Practice is a clinically-oriented book designed for clinicians, scientists, and other health professionals involved in the diagnosis, management, and investigation of disease states causing dementia. A "who's who" of internationally-recognized experts contribute chapters emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach to understanding dementia. The organization of the book takes an integrative approach by providing three major sections that (1) establish the neuroanatomical and cognitive framework underlying disorders of cognition, (2) provide fundamental as well as cutting-edge material covering specific diseases associated with dementia, and (3) discuss approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of dementing illnesses.
Author | : David L. Roberts |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
Total Pages | : 449 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0199777586 |
Download Social Cognition in Schizophrenia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Social Cognition in Schizophrenia: From Evidence to Treatment provides a firm grounding in the theory and research of normal social cognition, builds on this base to describe how social cognition appears to be dysfunctional in schizophrenia, and explains how this dysfunction might be ameliorated.
Author | : John M. Oldham |
Publisher | : American Psychiatric Pub |
Total Pages | : 314 |
Release | : 1996 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9780880486767 |
Download Impulsivity and Compulsivity Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Traditionally, impulsive and compulsive behaviors have been categorized as fundamentally distinct. However, patients often exhibit both of these behaviors. This common comorbidity has sparked renewed interest in the factors contributing to the disorders in which these behaviors are prominent. Impulsivity and Compulsivity applies a provocative spectrum model to this psychopathology. The spectrum model is consistent with a dimensional model for psychopathology and considers the dynamic interaction of biopsychosocial forces in the development of impulsive and compulsive disorders. In this important work on impulsive/compulsive psychopathology, leading researchers and clinicians share their expertise on the phenomenological, biological, psychodynamic, and treatment aspects of these disorders. Differential diagnosis, comorbidity of the impulsive-compulsive spectrum of disorders, and assessment by the seven-factor model of temperament and character are discussed. Chapters are also dedicated to the antianxiety function of impulsivity and compulsivity, defense mechanisms in impulsive disorders versus obsessive-compulsive disorders, and the unique aspects of psychotherapy with impulsive and compulsive patients. Clinical researchers and clinicians will be enlightened by this exceptional work. The information provided is supplemented with clinical vignettes, and the final chapter provides a synthetic summary that offers a unified, dynamic approach to impulsive and compulsive behavior.
Author | : Edward D. Levin |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 395 |
Release | : 2006-06-22 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1420004336 |
Download Animal Models of Cognitive Impairment Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The costs associated with a drug's clinical trials are so significant that it has become necessary to validate both its safety and efficacy in animal models prior to the continued study of the drug in humans. Featuring contributions from distinguished researchers in the field of cognitive therapy research, Animal Models of Cognitive Impairmen
Author | : Michelle G. Craske |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 313 |
Release | : 2003-11-13 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : 0080513409 |
Download Origins of Phobias and Anxiety Disorders Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Origins of Phobias and Anxiety Disorders
Author | : Philip D. Harvey |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 341 |
Release | : 2013-01-24 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1107013208 |
Download Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Provides state-of-the-art information about cognition in schizophrenia with a wide ranging focus on measuring and treating cognitive deficits.
Author | : Colleen A. Morris |
Publisher | : JHU Press |
Total Pages | : 394 |
Release | : 2006-03-07 |
Genre | : Health & Fitness |
ISBN | : 9780801882128 |
Download Williams-Beuren Syndrome Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a genetic condition characterized by low IQ, cardiovascular malformations, dysmorphic facial features, and a striking pattern of behaviors, weaknesses, and strengths, such as musical and verbal abilities, extraordinary friendliness, empathy, and social grace. Because the typical psychological and cognitive profile is unique, examination of this syndrome sheds light on how the human brain is organized and how different aspects of cognition and behavior arise. Williams-Beuren Syndrome offers concise, comprehensive coverage of WBS research and its clinical implications, including its genetics and molecular biology, neurobiological and behavioral traits, and medical problems and their management. Each chapter emphasizes how research can be applied to clinical practice. The expertise of the volume editors ranges from pioneering research to personal experience: Colleen Morris played a key role in the breakthrough discovery of the missing elastin gene in patients with WBS; Howard Lenhoff is a biologist, an expert on WBS and musical pitch, and the parent of a WBS musical savant; Paul Wang is a pediatrician and cognitive researcher who works in the WBS community. Researchers and clinicians in genetics, pediatrics, and psychiatry/psychology will find in this volume a wealth of current information on WBS, as well as valuable insights into future research possibilities.
Author | : Olivier Godefroy |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 637 |
Release | : 2007-01-18 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1139461893 |
Download The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The care of stroke patients has changed dramatically. As well as improvements in the emergency care of the condition, there have been marked advances in our understanding, management and rehabilitation of residual deficits. This book is about the care of stroke patients, focusing on behavioural and cognitive problems. It provides a comprehensive review of the field covering the diagnostic value of these conditions, in the acute and later phases, their requirements in terms of treatment and management and the likelihood and significance of long-term disability. This book will appeal to all clinicians involved in the care of stroke patients, as well as to neuropsychologists, other rehabilitation therapists and research scientists investigating the underlying neuroscience.
Author | : James Blair |
Publisher | : Blackwell Publishing |
Total Pages | : 201 |
Release | : 2005-09-23 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : 9780631233367 |
Download The Psychopath Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book presents scientific facts of psychopathy and antisocial behavior, addressing critical issues such as the definity of psychopathy, the number of psychopaths in society, whether psychopaths can be treated, and whether psychopathy is due to nurture or to nature.