Necessity Proportionality And The Use Of Force By States PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Necessity Proportionality And The Use Of Force By States PDF full book. Access full book title Necessity Proportionality And The Use Of Force By States.
Author | : Judith Gardam |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 288 |
Release | : 2004-11-18 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : 1139456172 |
Download Necessity, Proportionality and the Use of Force by States Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
There has been considerable debate in the international community as to the legality of the forceful actions in Kosovo in 1999, Afghanistan in 2002 and Iraq in 2003 under the United Nations Charter. There has been consensus, however, that the use of force in all these situations had to be both proportional and necessary. Against the background of these recent armed conflicts, this 2004 book offers the first comprehensive assessment of the twin requirements of proportionality and necessity as legal restraints on the forceful actions of States. It also provides a much-needed examination of the relationship between proportionality in the law on the use of force and international humanitarian law.
Author | : Judith Gail Gardam |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 259 |
Release | : 2004 |
Genre | : Electronic books |
ISBN | : 9780511317705 |
Download Necessity, Proportionality, and the Use of Force by States Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
There has been considerable debate in the international community as to the legality of the forceful actions in Kosovo in 1999, Afghanistan in 2002 and Iraq in 2003 under the United Nations Charter. There has been consensus, however, that the use of force in all these situations had to be both necessary and proportional. Against the background of these recent armed conflicts, this book offers the first comprehensive assessment of the twin requirements of necessity and proportionality as legal restraints on the forceful actions of States. It also provides a much-needed examination of the relationship between proportionality in the law on the use of force and international humanitarian law.
Author | : Claus Kreß |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
Total Pages | : 527 |
Release | : 2020-11-30 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : 0197537375 |
Download Necessity and Proportionality in International Peace and Security Law Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"Necessity and proportionality occupy a firm place in the international law governing the use of force by states. Perhaps most importantly for practical purposes, the exercise of the right of self-defense, as recognized in Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, is subject to the requirements of necessity and proportionality, as the International Court of Justice determined in the Nicaragua case. Necessity and proportionality are also firmly anchored in the international law governing armed conflicts. In its Nuclear Weapons Advisory Opinion, the International Court of Justice even referred to one articulation of the idea of necessity, that directed against the causing of unnecessary suffering, as one of two "cardinal principles" of this body of law. However, beyond statement in such general terms, the realms of uncertainty and controversy soon begin. It is far from clear, for example, how to distinguish with precision between necessity and proportionality in the international law on self-defense and, in immediate connection herewith, what it means precisely to say that forcible action taken in the exercise of self-defense must be proportionate. It is all the less clear what legal significance, if any, necessity and proportionality possess in other contexts of the international law governing the use of force"--
Author | : Chris O'Meara |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 289 |
Release | : 2021-03-11 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : 0192608568 |
Download Necessity and Proportionality and the Right of Self-Defence in International Law Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
States invariably justify using force extraterritorially by reference to their right of self-defence. In doing so, they accept that the exercise of this right is conditioned by the customary international law requirements of necessity and proportionality. However, these requirements are notorious for being normatively indeterminate and operationally complex. As a breach of either requirement renders ostensibly defensive action unlawful, increased determinacy regarding their scope and substance is crucial to how international law constrains military force. This book examines the conceptual meaning, content, and practical application of necessity and proportionality as they relate to the right of self-defence following the adoption of the UN Charter in 1945. It provides a coherent and up-to-date description of the applicable contemporary international law and proposes an analytical framework to guide its operation and appraisal. This book argues that necessity and proportionality are conceptually distinct and must be applied in the foregoing order to avoid an insufficient 'catch-all' description of legality or illegality. Necessity determines whether defensive force may be used to respond to an armed attack and where it must be directed. Proportionality governs how much total force is permissible and prohibits excessive responses. Both requirements are shown to apply on an ongoing basis throughout the duration of an armed conflict prompted by self-defence. Compliance with necessity and proportionality ensures that the purposes of self-defence are met, and nothing more, and that defensive force is not unduly disruptive to third party interests and to international peace and security.
Author | : Claus Kreß |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 488 |
Release | : 2020-10-01 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : 0197537391 |
Download Necessity and Proportionality in International Peace and Security Law Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Necessity and proportionality hold a firm place in the international law governing the use of force by states, as well as in the law of armed conflict. However, the precise contours of these two requirements are uncertain and controversial. The aim of Necessity and Proportionality in International Peace and Security Law is to explore how necessity and proportionality manifest themselves in the modern world under the law governing the use of force and the law of armed conflict, and how they relate to each other. The book explores the ways in which necessity and proportionality are applied in practice and addresses pressing legal issues in the law on the use of force, including the controversial "unwilling and unable" test for the use of force in self-defense, drones and targeted killing, the application of this legal regime during civil war, and the need for further transparency in states' justification for the use of force in self-defense. The analysis of the role of military necessity within the law of armed conflict on the modern battlefield focuses on the history and nature of the principle of military necessity, the proper application of the principle of proportionality, how commanders should account for mental harm in calculating proportionality, and the role artificial intelligence and autonomous weapons systems may play in proportionality analysis. The book concludes with a discussion of the potential role of proportionality in the law governing post-conflict contexts.
Author | : Camilla Guldahl Cooper |
Publisher | : BRILL |
Total Pages | : 498 |
Release | : 2019-12-02 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : 9004401687 |
Download NATO Rules of Engagement Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In NATO Rules of Engagement, Camilla Guldahl Cooper provides a thorough analysis of NATO rules of engagement, and offers clarity on a concept which despite its considerable political, strategic and operational importance, is often misunderstood.
Author | : Yishai Beer |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 241 |
Release | : 2018-04-09 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : 0190881151 |
Download Military Professionalism and Humanitarian Law Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book challenges the unacceptable gap between the positive rules of the international law governing armed hostilities and actual state practice. It discusses reducing the human suffering caused by this reality. The current law does not seem to be optimal in balancing the different interests of states' militaries and the humanitarian agenda. In response to this challenge, this book offers a new paradigm based on reality that may elevate the humanitarian threshold by replacing the currently problematic imperatives imposed upon militaries with professionally-based, therefore attainable, requirements. The aims of the suggested paradigm are to create an environment in which full abidance by the law becomes a realistic norm, thus facilitating a second, more important aim of reducing human suffering. Militaries function in a professional manner; they develop and respect their doctrine, operational principles, fighting techniques and values. Their performances are not random or incidental. The suggested paradigm calls for leveraging the constraining elements that are latent in military professionalism. Talking professional language and adopting the professional way of thinking that underlies militaries' conduct makes it possible to identify and focus upon the core interests of a military in any given lawful war - those that ought to be taken into consideration - alongside those that can be sacrificed for the sake of the humanitarian concerns, while still allowing the military mission to be achieved. Indeed, leveraging professional standards and norms would establish a reasonable modus vivendi for a military, while allowing substantial new space for the humanitarian mission of the law.
Author | : Judith Gail Gardam |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 259 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Necessity, Proportionality and the Force by States Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Berenika Drazewska |
Publisher | : BRILL |
Total Pages | : 391 |
Release | : 2021-12-13 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : 9004432566 |
Download Military Necessity in International Cultural Heritage Law Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Berenika Drazewska’s book offers a comprehensive scholarly analysis of the current meaning of military necessity in the international legal framework for the protection of cultural heritage during armed conflicts.
Author | : Michael A. Newton |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
Total Pages | : 354 |
Release | : 2014 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : 0199355037 |
Download Proportionality in International Law Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
1. Introduction 2. What is Proportionality? 3. Proportionality: A Multiplicity of Meanings 4. Proportionality in the Just War Tradition 5. Proportionality in International Humanitarian Law 6. Proportionality in Human Rights Law and Morality 7. The Uniqueness of Jus in Bello Proportionality 8. Countermeasures and Counterinsurgency 9. Human Shields and Risk 10. Targeted Killings and Proportionality in Law: Two Models 11. The Nature of War and the Idea of "Cyberwar" 12. Thresholds of Jus in Bello Proportionality Bibliography Index.