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Nature and Nurture in Mental Disorders

Nature and Nurture in Mental Disorders
Author: Joel Paris
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
Total Pages: 206
Release: 2020-10-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1615373683

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Over the last two decades, spurred particularly by the decoding of the genome, neuroscience has advanced to become the primary basis of clinical psychiatry, even as environmental risk factors for mental disorders have been deemphasized. In this thoroughly revised, second edition of Nature and Nurture in Mental Disorders, the author argues that an overreliance on biology at the expense of environment has been detrimental to the field -- that, in fact, the "nature versus nurture" dichotomy is unnecessary. Instead, he posits a biopsychosocial model that acknowledges the role an individual's predisposing genetic factors, interacting with environmental stressors, play in the etiology of many mental disorders. The first several chapters of the book provide an overview of the theories that affect the study of genes, the environment, and their interaction, examining what the empirical evidence has revealed about each of these issues. Subsequent chapters apply the integrated model to a variety of disorders, reviewing the evidence on how genes and environment interact to shape disorders including: Depressive disorders PTSD Neurodevelopmental disorders Eating disorders Personality disorders By rejecting both biological and psychosocial reductionism in favor of an interactive model, Nature and Nurture in Mental Disorders offers practicing clinicians a path toward a more flexible, effective treatment model. And where controversy or debate still exist, an extensive reference list provided at the end of the book, updated for this edition to reflect the most current literature, encourages further study and exploration.


Nature and Nurture in Personality and Psychopathology

Nature and Nurture in Personality and Psychopathology
Author: Joel Paris
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 117
Release: 2022-02-17
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1000542777

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Psychiatry and clinical psychology have long been divided about the roles of nature and nurture in the pathways to psychopathology. Some clinicians offer treatment almost entirely based on neuroscience. Some psychologists offer psychotherapies almost entirely based on the impact of environmental stressors. Paris argues for a balanced middle ground between nature and nurture in human development. This book reviews and integrates research showing that the key to understanding the development of mental disorders lies in interactions between genes and environment. It explores why personality is a key determinant of how people respond to stress, functioning as a kind of psychological immune system. This model represents a shift from overly simple and reductionistic constructs, based primarily on biological risks or on psychosocial risks in development. Instead, it offers a complex and multivariate approach that encourages a broader approach to treatment. This book is essential for all mental health clinicians who are interested in understanding the roles of nature and nurture in the development of psychopathology.


Nature and Nurture in Mental Disorders, Second Edition

Nature and Nurture in Mental Disorders, Second Edition
Author: Joel Paris, M.D.
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
Total Pages: 206
Release: 2020-10-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1615373349

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Over the last two decades, spurred particularly by the decoding of the genome, neuroscience has advanced to become the primary basis of clinical psychiatry, even as environmental risk factors for mental disorders have been deemphasized. In this thoroughly revised, second edition of Nature and Nurture in Mental Disorders, the author argues that an overreliance on biology at the expense of environment has been detrimental to the field--that, in fact, the "nature versus nurture" dichotomy is unnecessary. Instead, he posits a biopsychosocial model that acknowledges the role an individual's predisposing genetic factors, interacting with environmental stressors, play in the etiology of many mental disorders. The first several chapters of the book provide an overview of the theories that affect the study of genes, the environment, and their interaction, examining what the empirical evidence has revealed about each of these issues. Subsequent chapters apply the integrated model to a variety of disorders, reviewing the evidence on how genes and environment interact to shape disorders including: - Depressive disorders- PTSD- Neurodevelopmental disorders- Eating disorders- Personality disorders By rejecting both biological and psychosocial reductionism in favor of an interactive model, Nature and Nurture in Mental Disorders offers practicing clinicians a path toward a more flexible, effective treatment model. And where controversy or debate still exist, an extensive reference list provided at the end of the book, updated for this edition to reflect the most current literature, encourages further study and exploration.


Mental Illness

Mental Illness
Author: Dr Daniel R Berger II
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2016-11-07
Genre:
ISBN: 9780997607703

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The Nature vs. Nurture debate has existed since Sir Frances Galton first introduced the idea that the mind is determined by a person's genes and not his environment. It was at this point in history that both the evolutionary theory (under Galton's half cousin Charles Darwin) of the mind and the eugenics movement were born. Shortly thereafter, schools of psychiatry began to argue over whether nature caused mental illness or whether nurture was responsible for human reactions. Romantic psychiatrists argued that life's experiences caused people to go mad, while biological psychiatrists argued that genes, the nervous system, and bodily chemicals determined mental, emotional, and behavioral states. As this book addresses, though, there is a great difference in claiming that mental states and behaviors are caused by biology and environments and in recognizing that these realities can and often do influence the way people think and live. Are proposed psychiatric disorders illnesses-biologically or environmentally determined, or are they simply reactions that can be reversed or overcome? This book not only discusses the history of some of the most priment psychiatric disorders - such as schizophrenia, bipolar, PTSD, and anxiety, but it also explains how every aspect/nuance of these labels is addressed in the Bible. Furthermore, it explores how nurture influences many of these mindsets that have been transformed into psychiatric diagnoses. For decades now, prominent Christian counselors have argued correctly that the Bible-as it claims-is fully sufficient to meet all issues of life and moral character. In issues, such as sadness, anxiety, and addictions, they have helped thousands to gain victory in life and draw closer to God. They have failed, however, to provide simple and practical solutions to address the most complicated psychiatric labels and consistently lead people out of mental turmoil and into God's truth. This book provides reliable and validated truth that can remedy the most complex mental condition and change the worst maladaptive behavior. These solutions are found primarily in Scripture, but that is not to say that objective research does not agree with God's Word. In fact, as the reader will learn, what secularists claim to be confounding psychiatric illnesses are better understood as common human nature.


Beyond Nature and Nurture in Psychiatry

Beyond Nature and Nurture in Psychiatry
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 256
Release: 2006
Genre: MEDICAL
ISBN: 9780367800178

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For much of the last century, the so-called nature-nuture debate polarised opinion about the aetiology of mental illness. But the extreme biological or environmental positions adopted in the past are not supported by the recent evidence. Based on lectures presented as part of the third European Foundation for Psychiatry at the Maudsley (EFPM) meeting, this book will show that genes and environment are both important, and may correlate or interact with one another.


From Neurons to Neighborhoods

From Neurons to Neighborhoods
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 610
Release: 2000-11-13
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0309069882

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How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.


Can Science Resolve the Nature / Nurture Debate?

Can Science Resolve the Nature / Nurture Debate?
Author: Margaret Lock
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 160
Release: 2016-06-20
Genre: Education
ISBN: 0745690009

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Following centuries of debate about "nature and nurture" the discovery of DNA established the idea that nature (genes) determines who we are, relegating nurture (environment) to icing on the cake. Since the 1950s, the new science of epigenetics has demonstrated how cellular environments and certain experiences and behaviors influence gene expression at the molecular level, with significant implications for health and wellbeing. To the amazement of scientists, mapping the human genome indirectly supported these insights. Anthropologists Margaret Lock and Gisli Palsson outline vituperative arguments from Classical times about the relationship between nature and nurture, furthered today by epigenetic findings and the demonstration of a "reactive genome." The nature/nurture debate, they show, can never be put to rest, because these concepts are in constant flux in response to the new insights science continually offers.


Nature and Nurture in Early Child Development

Nature and Nurture in Early Child Development
Author: Daniel P. Keating
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 313
Release: 2010-12-31
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1139494996

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For developmental scientists, the nature versus nurture debate has been settled for some time. Neither nature nor nurture alone provides the answer. It is nature and nurture in concert that shape developmental pathways and outcomes, from health to behavior to competence. This insight has moved far beyond the assertion that both nature and nurture matter, progressing into the fascinating terrain of how they interact over the course of development. In this volume, students, practitioners, policy analysts, and others with a serious interest in human development will learn what is transpiring in this new paradigm from the developmental scientists working at the cutting edge, from neural mechanisms to population studies, and from basic laboratory science to clinical and community interventions. Early childhood development is the critical focus of this volume, because many of the important nature-nurture interactions occur then, with significant influences on lifelong developmental trajectories.


Nurturing Natures

Nurturing Natures
Author: Graham Music
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 446
Release: 2024-01-24
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1003802559

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This new edition of the bestselling text, Nurturing Natures, provides an indispensable synthesis of the latest scientific knowledge about children’s emotional development. Integrating a wealth of both up-to-date and classical research from areas such as attachment theory, neuroscience, developmental psychology and cross-cultural studies, it weaves these into an accessible, enjoyable text that always keeps in mind children recognisable to academics, practitioners and parents. New to this edition, the book considers transgender issues, same-sex parenting, experiences of black and minority ethnic groups, well-being and the impact of mental health in relation to climate change anxiety. It looks at key developmental stages from life in the womb to the preschool years and right up until adolescence, examining how children develop language, play and memory and moral capacities. Issues of nature and nurture are addressed and the effects of different kinds of early experiences are unpicked, creating a coherent and balanced view of the developing child in context. Nurturing Natures is written by an experienced child therapist who has used a wide array of research from different disciplines to create a highly readable and scientifically trustworthy text. Equipped with key points, questions for consideration, further reading and online video chapter introductions, this book is essential reading for childcare students, teachers, social workers, health visitors, early years practitioners and those training or working in child counselling, psychiatry and mental health. Full of fascinating findings, it provides answers to many of the questions people really want to ask about the human journey from conception into adulthood.


Nature Is Nurture

Nature Is Nurture
Author: Megan E. Delaney
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 281
Release: 2020
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0190849762

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"Humans have long interacted with the nature world, from foraging and hunting for food to more recently, finding solace and peace in a beautiful vista. Our connection to nature runs deep in our DNA, yet our modern world has humans indoors almost 93% of the day. There is growing evidence that being in nature provides a healing elixir for physical and mental ailments. In fact, some physicians are "prescribing nature" for relief of patient's ailments. Ecotherapy, a growing but lesser known construct in mental health, describes the reciprocal relationship humans have with nature and the capacity of that relationship to build strength and provide healing. This book provides an overview of the theoretical constructs of Ecotherapy highlighting historical considerations and recent research within the discipline. Perspectives, examples and reflections are provided through the author's own experience as a former wilderness therapist and current Ecotherapist and counselor educator. Chapters include practical ways to incorporate Ecotherapy with children and adults, within schools settings, in group work and with veteran populations. Descriptions of other Ecotherapy modalities are also included, such as animal-assisted, equine-assisted, horticultural, forest bathing, green exercise and adventure based therapy. There is chapter devoted to designing an Ecotherapy course within a counseling program and finally, a chapter describing ways that a therapist can "become" an Ecotherapist. Case examples, techniques and practical and ethical considerations are provided throughout. To bring the content to life, several contributors offer stories, reflections and experiences with nature are a partner in the therapeutic relationship"--