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Nature and Nurture in Mental Disorders

Nature and Nurture in Mental Disorders
Author: Joel Paris
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
Total Pages: 206
Release: 2020-10-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1615373683

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Over the last two decades, spurred particularly by the decoding of the genome, neuroscience has advanced to become the primary basis of clinical psychiatry, even as environmental risk factors for mental disorders have been deemphasized. In this thoroughly revised, second edition of Nature and Nurture in Mental Disorders, the author argues that an overreliance on biology at the expense of environment has been detrimental to the field -- that, in fact, the "nature versus nurture" dichotomy is unnecessary. Instead, he posits a biopsychosocial model that acknowledges the role an individual's predisposing genetic factors, interacting with environmental stressors, play in the etiology of many mental disorders. The first several chapters of the book provide an overview of the theories that affect the study of genes, the environment, and their interaction, examining what the empirical evidence has revealed about each of these issues. Subsequent chapters apply the integrated model to a variety of disorders, reviewing the evidence on how genes and environment interact to shape disorders including: Depressive disorders PTSD Neurodevelopmental disorders Eating disorders Personality disorders By rejecting both biological and psychosocial reductionism in favor of an interactive model, Nature and Nurture in Mental Disorders offers practicing clinicians a path toward a more flexible, effective treatment model. And where controversy or debate still exist, an extensive reference list provided at the end of the book, updated for this edition to reflect the most current literature, encourages further study and exploration.


Nature and Nurture in Personality and Psychopathology

Nature and Nurture in Personality and Psychopathology
Author: Joel Paris
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 117
Release: 2022-02-17
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1000542777

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Psychiatry and clinical psychology have long been divided about the roles of nature and nurture in the pathways to psychopathology. Some clinicians offer treatment almost entirely based on neuroscience. Some psychologists offer psychotherapies almost entirely based on the impact of environmental stressors. Paris argues for a balanced middle ground between nature and nurture in human development. This book reviews and integrates research showing that the key to understanding the development of mental disorders lies in interactions between genes and environment. It explores why personality is a key determinant of how people respond to stress, functioning as a kind of psychological immune system. This model represents a shift from overly simple and reductionistic constructs, based primarily on biological risks or on psychosocial risks in development. Instead, it offers a complex and multivariate approach that encourages a broader approach to treatment. This book is essential for all mental health clinicians who are interested in understanding the roles of nature and nurture in the development of psychopathology.


Nature and Nurture in Mental Disorders, Second Edition

Nature and Nurture in Mental Disorders, Second Edition
Author: Joel Paris, M.D.
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
Total Pages: 206
Release: 2020-10-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1615373349

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Over the last two decades, spurred particularly by the decoding of the genome, neuroscience has advanced to become the primary basis of clinical psychiatry, even as environmental risk factors for mental disorders have been deemphasized. In this thoroughly revised, second edition of Nature and Nurture in Mental Disorders, the author argues that an overreliance on biology at the expense of environment has been detrimental to the field--that, in fact, the "nature versus nurture" dichotomy is unnecessary. Instead, he posits a biopsychosocial model that acknowledges the role an individual's predisposing genetic factors, interacting with environmental stressors, play in the etiology of many mental disorders. The first several chapters of the book provide an overview of the theories that affect the study of genes, the environment, and their interaction, examining what the empirical evidence has revealed about each of these issues. Subsequent chapters apply the integrated model to a variety of disorders, reviewing the evidence on how genes and environment interact to shape disorders including: - Depressive disorders- PTSD- Neurodevelopmental disorders- Eating disorders- Personality disorders By rejecting both biological and psychosocial reductionism in favor of an interactive model, Nature and Nurture in Mental Disorders offers practicing clinicians a path toward a more flexible, effective treatment model. And where controversy or debate still exist, an extensive reference list provided at the end of the book, updated for this edition to reflect the most current literature, encourages further study and exploration.


From Molecules to Minds

From Molecules to Minds
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 90
Release: 2008-12-07
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309120926

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Neuroscience has made phenomenal advances over the past 50 years and the pace of discovery continues to accelerate. On June 25, 2008, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted more than 70 of the leading neuroscientists in the world, for a workshop titled "From Molecules to Minds: Challenges for the 21st Century." The objective of the workshop was to explore a set of common goals or "Grand Challenges" posed by participants that could inspire and rally both the scientific community and the public to consider the possibilities for neuroscience in the 21st century. The progress of the past in combination with new tools and techniques, such as neuroimaging and molecular biology, has positioned neuroscience on the cusp of even greater transformational progress in our understanding of the brain and how its inner workings result in mental activity. This workshop summary highlights the important issues and challenges facing the field of neuroscience as presented to those in attendance at the workshop, as well as the subsequent discussion that resulted. As a result, three overarching Grand Challenges emerged: How does the brain work and produce mental activity? How does physical activity in the brain give rise to thought, emotion, and behavior? How does the interplay of biology and experience shape our brains and make us who we are today? How do we keep our brains healthy? How do we protect, restore, or enhance the functioning of our brains as we age?


From Neurons to Neighborhoods

From Neurons to Neighborhoods
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 610
Release: 2000-11-13
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0309069882

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How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.


The Development of Psychopathology

The Development of Psychopathology
Author: Bruce Franklin Pennington
Publisher: Guilford Press
Total Pages: 404
Release: 2005-06-20
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 9781593852351

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This highly readable volume illuminates the interplay among biological, psychological, and social-contextual processes in the development of such prevalent problems as depression, schizophrenia, ADHD, dyslexia, and autism. Leading developmental scientist Bruce F. Pennington explains the variety of methods currently being used to investigate the mind-brain connection, including behavioral and molecular genetics, studies of brain structure and function, neuropsychology, and treatment studies. Shedding new light on where mental disorders come from, how they develop, and why they are so common, the book also examines the implications for treatment and prevention. ?


Nature Is Nurture

Nature Is Nurture
Author: Megan E. Delaney
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 281
Release: 2020
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0190849762

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"Humans have long interacted with the nature world, from foraging and hunting for food to more recently, finding solace and peace in a beautiful vista. Our connection to nature runs deep in our DNA, yet our modern world has humans indoors almost 93% of the day. There is growing evidence that being in nature provides a healing elixir for physical and mental ailments. In fact, some physicians are "prescribing nature" for relief of patient's ailments. Ecotherapy, a growing but lesser known construct in mental health, describes the reciprocal relationship humans have with nature and the capacity of that relationship to build strength and provide healing. This book provides an overview of the theoretical constructs of Ecotherapy highlighting historical considerations and recent research within the discipline. Perspectives, examples and reflections are provided through the author's own experience as a former wilderness therapist and current Ecotherapist and counselor educator. Chapters include practical ways to incorporate Ecotherapy with children and adults, within schools settings, in group work and with veteran populations. Descriptions of other Ecotherapy modalities are also included, such as animal-assisted, equine-assisted, horticultural, forest bathing, green exercise and adventure based therapy. There is chapter devoted to designing an Ecotherapy course within a counseling program and finally, a chapter describing ways that a therapist can "become" an Ecotherapist. Case examples, techniques and practical and ethical considerations are provided throughout. To bring the content to life, several contributors offer stories, reflections and experiences with nature are a partner in the therapeutic relationship"--


Nurture Nature, Nurture Health

Nurture Nature, Nurture Health
Author: Mitchell L. Gaynor
Publisher:
Total Pages: 380
Release: 2005
Genre: Health & Fitness
ISBN: 9780971974517

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Mental Illness

Mental Illness
Author: Dr Daniel R Berger II
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2016-11-07
Genre:
ISBN: 9780997607703

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The Nature vs. Nurture debate has existed since Sir Frances Galton first introduced the idea that the mind is determined by a person's genes and not his environment. It was at this point in history that both the evolutionary theory (under Galton's half cousin Charles Darwin) of the mind and the eugenics movement were born. Shortly thereafter, schools of psychiatry began to argue over whether nature caused mental illness or whether nurture was responsible for human reactions. Romantic psychiatrists argued that life's experiences caused people to go mad, while biological psychiatrists argued that genes, the nervous system, and bodily chemicals determined mental, emotional, and behavioral states. As this book addresses, though, there is a great difference in claiming that mental states and behaviors are caused by biology and environments and in recognizing that these realities can and often do influence the way people think and live. Are proposed psychiatric disorders illnesses-biologically or environmentally determined, or are they simply reactions that can be reversed or overcome? This book not only discusses the history of some of the most priment psychiatric disorders - such as schizophrenia, bipolar, PTSD, and anxiety, but it also explains how every aspect/nuance of these labels is addressed in the Bible. Furthermore, it explores how nurture influences many of these mindsets that have been transformed into psychiatric diagnoses. For decades now, prominent Christian counselors have argued correctly that the Bible-as it claims-is fully sufficient to meet all issues of life and moral character. In issues, such as sadness, anxiety, and addictions, they have helped thousands to gain victory in life and draw closer to God. They have failed, however, to provide simple and practical solutions to address the most complicated psychiatric labels and consistently lead people out of mental turmoil and into God's truth. This book provides reliable and validated truth that can remedy the most complex mental condition and change the worst maladaptive behavior. These solutions are found primarily in Scripture, but that is not to say that objective research does not agree with God's Word. In fact, as the reader will learn, what secularists claim to be confounding psychiatric illnesses are better understood as common human nature.


Hidden Valley Road

Hidden Valley Road
Author: Robert Kolker
Publisher: Anchor
Total Pages: 426
Release: 2020-04-07
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 0385543778

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#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • OPRAH’S BOOK CLUB PICK • ONE OF GQ's TOP 50 BOOKS OF LITERARY JOURNALISM IN THE 21st CENTURY • The heartrending story of a midcentury American family with twelve children, six of them diagnosed with schizophrenia, that became science's great hope in the quest to understand the disease. "Reads like a medical detective journey and sheds light on a topic so many of us face: mental illness." —Oprah Winfrey Don and Mimi Galvin seemed to be living the American dream. After World War II, Don's work with the Air Force brought them to Colorado, where their twelve children perfectly spanned the baby boom: the oldest born in 1945, the youngest in 1965. In those years, there was an established script for a family like the Galvins--aspiration, hard work, upward mobility, domestic harmony--and they worked hard to play their parts. But behind the scenes was a different story: psychological breakdown, sudden shocking violence, hidden abuse. By the mid-1970s, six of the ten Galvin boys, one after another, were diagnosed as schizophrenic. How could all this happen to one family? What took place inside the house on Hidden Valley Road was so extraordinary that the Galvins became one of the first families to be studied by the National Institute of Mental Health. Their story offers a shadow history of the science of schizophrenia, from the era of institutionalization, lobotomy, and the schizophrenogenic mother to the search for genetic markers for the disease, always amid profound disagreements about the nature of the illness itself. And unbeknownst to the Galvins, samples of their DNA informed decades of genetic research that continues today, offering paths to treatment, prediction, and even eradication of the disease for future generations. With clarity and compassion, bestselling and award-winning author Robert Kolker uncovers one family's unforgettable legacy of suffering, love, and hope.