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| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 244 |
| Release | : 2022-02-24 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9783036532998 |
| Author | : Kui Hong |
| Publisher | : MDPI |
| Total Pages | : 202 |
| Release | : 2020-01-07 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3039280902 |
Two review papers, eight research articles, and one brief report were published in this Special Issue. They showed the rich resources that are present within the genomes of marine microorganisms and discussed the use of recently developed tools and technologies to exploit this genetic richness. Examples include the rational supply of precursors according to the relevant biosynthetic pathway and stress driven discovery together with the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors to facilitate the discovery of new bioactive molecules with potential biopharmaceutical applications. We believe that the content of this Special Issue reflects the current state-of-the-art research in this area and highlights the interesting strategies that are being employed to uncover increasing numbers of exciting novel compounds for drug discovery from marine genetic resources.
| Author | : Maria Costantini |
| Publisher | : MDPI |
| Total Pages | : 92 |
| Release | : 2021-09-03 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3036502548 |
In recent years, marine genomics has become a rapidly growing field, helped by the large amount of information that is becoming available to the international scientific community. Taking into account the current excitement in the field of marine biotechnology, this Special Issue entitled “Genome Mining and Synthetic Biology in Marine Natural Product Discovery” aims to to assess the impact of these molecular approaches on the discovery of bioactive compounds from marine organisms. The term “genome mining” is used to identify all bioinformatic investigations aimed at detecting the biosynthetic pathways of bioactive natural products and their possible functional and chemical interactions. Several studies are now reporting on marine organisms. Oceans cover nearly 70% of the Earth’s surface and host a huge ecological, chemical, and biological diversity. The natural conditions of the sea favor, in marine organisms, the production of a large variety of novel molecules with great pharmaceutical potential. Marine organisms are unique in their structural and functional features compared to terrestrial ones. Innovation in this field is very rapid, as revealed by the funding of several Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) and Horizon 2020 projects under the topic “Blue Growth”, with the urgent goal of discovering new drugs.
| Author | : Lucas J. Stal |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 501 |
| Release | : 2016-06-03 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319330004 |
This book describes the state-of-the-art concerning the ‘marine microbiome’ and its uses in biotechnology. The first part discusses the diversity and ecology of marine microorganisms and viruses, including all three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. It discusses whether marine microorganisms exist and, if so, why they might be unique. The second part presents selected marine habitats, their inhabitants and how they influence biogeochemical cycles, while the third discusses the utilization of marine microbial resources, including legal aspects, dissemination, and public awareness. The marine microbiome is the total of microorganisms and viruses in the ocean and seas and in any connected environment, including the seafloor and marine animals and plants. The diversity of microbial life remains unquantified and largely unknown, and could represent a hidden treasure for human society. Accordingly, this book is also intended to connect academics and industry, providing essential information for microbiologists from both fields.
| Author | : Se-Kwon Kim |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 922 |
| Release | : 2016-11-18 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 131535506X |
This book provides comprehensive coverage on current trends in marine omics of various relevant topics such as genomics, lipidomics, proteomics, foodomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, nutrigenomics, pharmacogenomics and toxicogenomics as related to and applied to marine biotechnology, molecular biology, marine biology, marine microbiology, environmental biotechnology, environmental science, aquaculture, pharmaceutical science and bioprocess engineering.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 130 |
| Release | : 2002-05-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309169712 |
Dramatic developments in understanding the fundamental underpinnings of life have provided exciting opportunities to make marine bioproducts an important part of the U.S. economy. Several marine based pharmaceuticals are under active commercial development, ecosystem health is high on the public's list of concerns, and aquaculture is providing an ever greater proportion of the seafood on our tables. Nevertheless, marine biotechnology has not yet caught the public's, or investor's, attention. Two workshops, held in October 1999 and November 2001 at the National Academies, were successful in highlighting new developments and opportunities in environmental and biomedical applications of marine biotechnology, and also in identifying factors that are impeding commercial exploitation of these products. This report includes a synthesis of the 2001 sessions addressing drug discovery and development, applications of genomics and proteomics to marine biotechnology, biomaterials and bioengineering, and public policy and essays contributed by the workshop speakers.
| Author | : Didier Stien |
| Publisher | : MDPI |
| Total Pages | : 146 |
| Release | : 2020-06-17 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3039361821 |
A trillion different microbial species have been evolving for some 3.5 billion years, producing ever more complex active secondary metabolites. The sea is a cauldron of a great diversity of useful and valuable compounds. This Special Issue focused on studies of marine microbe natural products for discovering compounds useful to humankind. Papers were collected that provide up-to-date information regarding the characterization of marine microbes’ metabolic diversity and the evaluation of the therapeutic potential of marine microbes’ metabolites. Most of the articles in this book deal with marine fungi, biological and chemical diversity, and their active metabolites. This may be a sign that marine fungi have been under studied to date and are perceived by many researchers as an important source of discovery in this field. A best practices guide for the isolation of marine fungi from different matrixes and their conservation is also presented. The comparison of the phylogenetic and metabolomic profiles of microalgae from different lineages provides novel insights into the potential of chemotaxonomy in marine phytoplankton, showing a good overlap of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic signals.
| Author | : Douglas Sweeney |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2023 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Streptomyces bacteria have a remarkable capacity to biosynthesize natural products. The discovery of streptothricin in 1942 led to a wave of Streptomyces pharmaceutical research. Though reisolation and declining structural novelty eventually led to an industrial exit, decreases in the cost of genomic sequencing have reinvigorated microbial natural products. The expansion of genetic data has shown that bacteria have a genetic biosynthetic capacity larger than has been reported chemically. Biosynthetic genes often form Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs) within bacterial genomes allowing bioinformatic-based biosynthetic predictions. Despite this, efforts to classify identified BGCs have shown that most relate to unknown chemistry. However, recent advances in bio- and chem-informatics tools have given the ability to collect and analyze large datasets of complex genomic and metabolomic data to elucidate this biochemical "Dark Matter". Bioinformatics tools have simplified the identification and classification of BGCs. Similar advances in cheminformatic analyses such as molecular networking and open-source software have simplified the analysis of metabolomics datasets. Though connecting these disparate datasets can be difficult, pattern-based genome mining allows the classification of BGCs by comparing presence, absence patterns between BGCs and metabolites. This dissertation consists of six chapters for which the goal was to explore the biosynthetic capacity of marine actinomycetes using novel tools and methodologies. Chapter 2 is a meta-analysis of existing publications and public genetic data relating to the predominantly marine clade of Streptomyces, MAR4, with an emphasis on natural products from this clade. For chapter 3, 42 new MAR4 genomes were generated with paired metabolomics data. The diversity of MAR4 vanadium haloperoxidase and prenyltransferase genes was explored using bio- and chem-informatics tools with an emphasis on their role in biosynthesis. Chapter 4 describes the discovery of a novel bioactive metabolite from the MAR4 clade, indanopyrrole. In this work the indanopyrrole BGC is described and its distribution amongst known bacteria explored. Chapter 5 is a metabolomic survey of marine sediment actinomycetes and their response to hypoxia. In this work it is shown that Streptomyces Strain CNB-091 reduces extracellular iron using a small molecule electron shuttle. Chapter 6 is a conclusion chapter and explores the impact of this dissertation.
| Author | : Taícia Pacheco Fill |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 256 |
| Release | : 2023-10-16 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3031417410 |
This book focuses on the importance of omics strategies and de-replication analysis to unveil new molecules from microbial sources with diverse chemical structures and biological functions. Chapters address metabolomics strategies, which will lead to a better understanding of the chemical interactions between microorganisms, plant-microorganisms, and virus-microorganisms. Authors also describe analytical tools used in microbial metabolomics and natural products discovery, in addition to describing a step-by-step protocol to identify and annotate metabolites using various databases and online platforms. The book presents the newest research, tools, and protocols for chemists, biochemists, bio-and chemical engineers, and biotechnologists, among others.
| Author | : Michelle Antoinette Schorn |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 239 |
| Release | : 2018 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Nature has created elegant and efficient ways of assembling a wide variety of diverse chemical scaffolds. Microbes are prolific producers of these secondary metabolites, which can have profound bioactivities and be harnessed for use in medicine. Within their genomes, microbes possess the blueprints for making natural products, and recent advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing have revealed a much larger repertoire of specialized chemistry than what can be observed in the lab. This bacterial 'dark matter' has the potential to contain the instructions for making countless new chemical scaffolds and represents an untapped source for drug discovery. Connecting secondary metabolite compounds with their biosynthetic gene clusters can inform novel biosynthetic transformations, provide a renewable source of promising bioactive compounds, and inspire synthetic biology approaches to assembling new molecules. Chapter 2 of this dissertation connects two pharmaceutically relevant natural products with their corresponding biosynthetic gene clusters. The epoxyketone proteasome inhibitors epoxomicin and eponemycin are naturally produced by actinomycete bacteria, and whole genome sequencing revealed their genetic underpinnings and native resistance mechanism. This work represents the first elucidation of biosynthetic gene clusters for epoxyketone proteasome inhibitors. Chapter 3 takes a wider lens to examine an understudied group of bacteria: the rare marine actinomycetes. Whole genome sequencing of a group of rare marine actinomycetes revealed an incredible wealth of biosynthetic potential and diversity not yet represented in current sequencing databases. This study establishes rare marine actinomycetes as a group worthy of further exploration for genome mining and drug discovery. Chapter 4 investigates a more complex system with a focus on uncultivatable cyanobacterial sponge symbionts. Previous work showed that the genomes of these symbionts contained the genes necessary to produce environmentally relevant poly-brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). In assembling high quality draft genomes of two symbionts of distinct sponges, their full secondary metabolite potential was revealed. Additionally, genome mining led to the identification of two novel dysinosin molecules, representing the first example of mining for gene clusters in a metagenome assembled genome leading to new chemistry.
