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Natural Knowledge and Aristotelianism at Early Modern Protestant Universities

Natural Knowledge and Aristotelianism at Early Modern Protestant Universities
Author: Pietro Daniel Omodeo
Publisher: Harrassowitz
Total Pages: 342
Release: 2019-10-16
Genre: Natural theology
ISBN: 9783447112659

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Der fruhneuzeitliche Aristotelismus kann als eine dynamische Wissenstradition beschrieben werden, die durch institutionelle und intellektuelle Neukontextualisierungen, durch Tradierung und Transfer standig umgestaltet und transformiert wird, gleichzeitig sich aber weiterhin als ein Wissen versteht, das sich im Wesentlichen aus dem Kanon des aristotelischen Corpus ableitet. Im Mittelpunkt des Sammelbandes steht das Verhaltnis dieses fruhneuzeitlichen Aristotelismus zum neuen, aus Beobachtung und Experiment abgeleiteten Wissen von der Natur, wie es in dem Zeitraum von ca. 1550 bis 1650 in den diesen einzudringen und ihn zu verandern beginnt. Dieses neue Wissen von der Natur umfasst gleichermassen Astrologie, Astronomie, Medizin, Psychologie, (Al-)Chemie, Physik und Biologie, aber auch die Methodologie, das heisst die Logik, Argumentations- und Wissenschaftstheorie in ihrer Anwendung auf das naturphilosophische Wissen. Der Aristotelismus erweist sich dabei keinesfalls als normiertes und unbewegliches System, sondern reagiert etwa auf die Herausforderungen des Paracelsismus oder spater des Cartesianismus, genauso wie er auch schon auf die methodologischen Herausforderungen des Ramismus reagiert hat.


Subverting Aristotle

Subverting Aristotle
Author: Craig Martin
Publisher: JHU Press
Total Pages: 271
Release: 2014-05-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1421413175

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How new thinking about history, evidence, and scientific authority depended on undermining the authority of Aristotelianism. “The belief that Aristotle’s philosophy is incompatible with Christianity is hardly controversial today,” writes Craig Martin. Yet “for centuries, Christian culture embraced Aristotelian thought as its own, reconciling his philosophy with theology and church doctrine. The image of Aristotle as source of religious truth withered in the seventeenth century, the same century in which he ceased being an authority for natural philosophy.” In this fresh study of the complicated origins of revolutionary science in the age of Bacon, Hobbes, and Boyle, Martin traces one of the most important developments in Western European history: the rise and fall of Aristotelianism from the eleventh to the eighteenth century. Medieval theologians reconciled Aristotelian natural philosophy with Christian dogma in a synthesis that dominated religious thought for centuries. This synthesis unraveled in the seventeenth century contemporaneously with the emergence of the new natural philosophies of the scientific revolution. Important figures of seventeenth-century thought strove to show that the medieval appropriation of Aristotle defied the historical record that pointed to an impious figure of dubious morality. While numerous scholars have written on the seventeenth-century downfall of Aristotelianism, almost all of those works have examined how the conceptual content of the new sciences—such as the heliocentric cosmology, atomism, mechanical and mathematical models, and experimentalism—were used to dismiss the views of Aristotle. Subverting Aristotle is the first to focus on the religious polemics accompanying the scientific controversies that led to the eventual demise of Aristotelian natural philosophy. Martin’s thesis draws extensively on primary source material from England, France, Italy, Germany, and the Netherlands. It alters present perceptions not only of the scientific revolution but also of the role of Renaissance humanism in the forging of modernity.


Early Modern Aristotle

Early Modern Aristotle
Author: Eva Del Soldato
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Total Pages: 272
Release: 2020-05-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 0812251962

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A reassessment of how the legacy of ancient philosophy functioned in early modern Europe In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle affirms that despite his friendship with Plato, he was a better friend of the truth. With this statement, he rejected his teacher's authority, implying that the pursuit of philosophy does not entail any such obedience. Yet over the centuries Aristotle himself became the authority par excellence in the Western world, and even notorious anti-Aristotelians such as Galileo Galilei preferred to keep him as a friend rather than to contradict him openly. In Early Modern Aristotle, Eva Del Soldato contends that because the authority of Aristotle—like that of any other ancient, including Plato—was a construct, it could be tailored and customized to serve agendas that were often in direct contrast to one another, at times even in open conflict with the very tenets of Peripatetic philosophy. Arguing that recourse to the principle of authority was not merely an instrument for inculcating minds with an immutable body of knowledge, Del Soldato investigates the ways in which the authority of Aristotle was exploited in a variety of contexts. The stories the five chapters tell often develop along the same chronological lines, and reveal consistent diachronic and synchronic patterns. Each focuses on strategies of negotiation, integration and rejection of Aristotle, considering both macro-phenomena, such as the philosophical genre of the comparatio (that is, a comparison of Aristotle and Plato's lives and doctrines), and smaller-scale receptions, such as the circulation of legends, anecdotes, fictions, and rhetorical tropes ("if Aristotle were alive . . ."), all featuring Aristotle as their protagonist. Through the analysis of surprisingly neglected episodes in intellectual history, Early Modern Aristotle traces how the authority of the ancient philosopher—constantly manipulated and negotiated—shaped philosophical and scientific debate in Europe from the fifteenth century until the dawn of the Enlightenment.


The Aristotelian Tradition in Early Modern Protestantism

The Aristotelian Tradition in Early Modern Protestantism
Author: Manfred Svensson
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 233
Release: 2024-05-17
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 0197752969

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Aristotle's moral and political thought formed the backbone of education in practical philosophy for centuries during the classical and medieval periods. It has often been presumed, however, that with the advent of the Protestant Reformation, this tradition was broken. Countering this widespread view, Manfred Svensson discusses dozens of commentaries on Aristotle's Ethics and Politics that emerged from Protestant universities and academies throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, showing that early modern Protestants never lost their connection to Aristotle. He offers a broad contextualization of these works and in-depth discussion of their key ethical and political concepts.


Encyclopedia of Early Modern Philosophy and the Sciences

Encyclopedia of Early Modern Philosophy and the Sciences
Author: Dana Jalobeanu
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 2267
Release: 2022-08-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3319310690

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This Encyclopedia offers a fresh, integrated and creative perspective on the formation and foundations of philosophy and science in European modernity. Combining careful contextual reconstruction with arguments from traditional philosophy, the book examines methodological dimensions, breaks down traditional oppositions such as rationalism vs. empiricism, calls attention to gender issues, to ‘insiders and outsiders’, minor figures in philosophy, and underground movements, among many other topics. In addition, and in line with important recent transformations in the fields of history of science and early modern philosophy, the volume recognizes the specificity and significance of early modern science and discusses important developments including issues of historiography (such as historical epistemology), the interplay between the material culture and modes of knowledge, expert knowledge and craft knowledge. This book stands at the crossroads of different disciplines and combines their approaches – particularly the history of science, the history of philosophy, contemporary philosophy of science, and intellectual and cultural history. It brings together over 100 philosophers, historians of science, historians of mathematics, and medicine offering a comprehensive view of early modern philosophy and the sciences. It combines and discusses recent results from two very active fields: early modern philosophy and the history of (early modern) science. Editorial Board EDITORS-IN-CHIEF Dana Jalobeanu University of Bucharest, Romania Charles T. Wolfe Ghent University, Belgium ASSOCIATE EDITORS Delphine Bellis University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Zvi Biener University of Cincinnati, OH, USA Angus Gowland University College London, UK Ruth Hagengruber University of Paderborn, Germany Hiro Hirai Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Martin Lenz University of Groningen, The Netherlands Gideon Manning CalTech, Pasadena, CA, USA Silvia Manzo University of La Plata, Argentina Enrico Pasini University of Turin, Italy Cesare Pastorino TU Berlin, Germany Lucian Petrescu Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Justin E. H. Smith University de Paris Diderot, France Marius Stan Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA Koen Vermeir CNRS-SPHERE + Université de Paris, France Kirsten Walsh University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada


The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy in Early Modern Europe

The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy in Early Modern Europe
Author: Desmond M. Clarke
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 610
Release: 2011-01-27
Genre: History
ISBN: 019955613X

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A team of leading scholars survey the development of philosophy in the period of extraordinary intellectual change from the mid-16th century to the early 18th century. They cover metaphysics and natural philosophy; the mind, the passions, and aesthetics; epistemology, logic, mathematics, and language; ethics and political philosophy; and religion.


Early Modern Disputations and Dissertations in an Interdisciplinary and European Context

Early Modern Disputations and Dissertations in an Interdisciplinary and European Context
Author: Meelis Friedenthal
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 934
Release: 2021-01-25
Genre: History
ISBN: 9004436200

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This volume offers a wide-ranging overview of the 16th-18th century disputation culture in various European regions. Its focus is on printed disputations as a polyvalent media form which brings together many of the elements that contributed to the cultural and scientific changes during the early modern period.


Thinking on Earthquakes in Early Modern Europe

Thinking on Earthquakes in Early Modern Europe
Author: Rienk Vermij
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 273
Release: 2020-11-16
Genre: History
ISBN: 1000258890

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This book is the first extensive study of ideas on earthquakes before the Lisbon earthquake in 1755. The earthquake had a deep impact on European culture, and the reactions to it stood in a long tradition that, before this study, had yet to be explored in detail. Thinking on Earthquakes investigates both scholarly theories and views that were propagated among the early modern European population. Through a chronological approach, Vermij reveals that in contrast to the Ancient and medieval philosophers who suggested rational explanations for earthquakes, supernatural ideas made a powerful comeback in the sixteenth century. By analysing a variety of sources such as pamphlets, sermons, and treatises, this study shows how changes in the ideas on earthquakes were a result of social and political demands as well as from improvements in the means of communication, rather than from scientific methods. Thus, Vermij presents an illuminating case for the production of knowledge in early modern Europe. A range of events are explored, including the Ferrara earthquake in 1570 and the Vienna earthquake in 1590, making this study an invaluable source for students and scholars of the history of science and the history of ideas in early modern Europe.


Francis Cheynell

Francis Cheynell
Author: Sergiej Saverio Slavinski
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 321
Release: 2024-07-18
Genre: History
ISBN: 9004688013

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Sergiej S. Slavinski presents the first major study of Francis Cheynell's 1650 treatise on the doctrine of the Trinity. Situating Cheynell in his historical context, Slavinski examines Cheynell's role in the Trinitarian controversies of the Civil War and Interregnum England. The book demonstrates the interplay between polemic and piety in a work of Reformed scholasticism, showcasing how Cheynell’s eclectic theological method in reading Scripture reinforced his conviction of the Trinitarian persons as one true God. Slavinski argues that Cheynell’s polemical-practical Trinitarianism has the idea of Trinitarian oneness as infinite simplicity at its core.