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| Author | : Nyi Nyi Thaung |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 392 |
| Release | : 1996 |
| Genre | : Burma |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Winston Set Aung |
| Publisher | : ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute |
| Total Pages | : 50 |
| Release | : 2024-08-12 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9815203797 |
Myanmar’s economic trajectory has shifted across various governmental regimes, transitioning from socialist to democratic systems and from planned to market economy structures. The economic policies implemented by successive governments often lacked coherence and were characterized by ad hoc measures aimed at short-term solutions rather than addressing underlying issues. Policymakers since 1989 have endeavoured to guide Myanmar towards a market-oriented economy, characterized by what could be termed the “Burmese/Myanmar Way to Market Economy”, which includes significant restrictions and controls. Both the military-backed Union Solidarity Development Party (USDP) and civilian-led National League for Democracy (NLD) administrations made significant efforts to enhance liberalization and strengthen market economic principles, despite multidimensional challenges including inadequate capacities for policy formulation and over-reliance on past domestic experiences rather than international lessons. All these reforms and economic pillars, established through intellect and hard work to ensure liberalization and a market economy, collapsed under the State Administration Council regime following the military coup of 1 February 2021. Effective policy formulation and implementation are pivotal for Myanmar's economic trajectory, and policymakers must navigate historical practices and global standards with discernment, fostering policies that promote transparency, accountability, and inclusivity while adapting to feedback and interconnected economic realities.
| Author | : Mya Than |
| Publisher | : Institute of Southeast Asian |
| Total Pages | : 129 |
| Release | : 1992 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9813016132 |
The grim state of the Myanmar economy in the second half of the 1980s forced the previous government of the Burma Socialist Programme Party to liberalize its external and internal trade. Since the military coup following political chaos in the later part of 1988, Japan, the European Community and the United States have suspended new economic aid to Myanmar. This has led to the present military government, the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC), to work towards closer cooperation in diplomatic and trade relations with other Southeast Asian countries and to further liberalize its trade sector. This study explores and analyzes Myanmar's external trade and its trade relations with Southeast Asian nations, many of which are members of the Association of Southeast Asian nations (ASEAN), and raises issues and prospects of economic cooperation with neighbouring countries in the region, including the option for active participation in ASEAN.
| Author | : Koji Kubo |
| Publisher | : Springerbriefs in Economics |
| Total Pages | : 146 |
| Release | : 2019-10-24 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9789811346859 |
| Author | : Yee Yee Sein |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 286 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Burma |
| ISBN | : |
From 1962 to 1988, Myanmar had a socialist economy. Myanmar was slow to take up the issues of regional economic cooperation. Once considered one of the wealthiest South-East Asian countries, Myanmar's economic problems hit rock bottom in 1987. By the late 1980s, the Myanmar economy lowed down was due to the low productivity and inefficiency of state-owned enterprises, low levels of skill, and a shortage of capital and technology. In response to the severe economic crisis and domestic unrest, the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) took the reins of government in 1988 and embarked on a new course for the economy. SLORC reversed many of the socialist era policies and implemented several economic reforms, including new laws, regulations, operating methods, and reorganization of government agencies in an effort to utilize market principles to jumpstart the sluggish economy. This paper examines the role of trade policy regimes in conditioning the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on growth performance in investment receiving (host) countries through a case study of Myanmar. The methodology involves estimating a growth equation, which provides for capturing the impact of FDI interactively with economic openness on economic growth, using data for the period 1980-2004. The results support the 'Bhagwati' hypothesis that, other things being equal, the growth impact of FDI tends to be greater under an export promotion (EP) trade regime compared to an import-substitution (IS) regime. Therefore, policy implications we can draw from our empirical results seem to be important. For Myanmar to benefit from the growth-enhancing effects of foreign direct investment, it should continue to liberalize its trade transaction. For Myanmar to benefit from technology transfer and spillover effects, FDI should be encouraged and it should be accompanied with trade openness. In an environment of trade restrictions, FDI inflows cannot be a catalyst for long run economic growth. The positive interactive impact of FDI and trade openness on economic growth would probably hold in Myanmar.
| Author | : Sean Turnell |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The serial underperformer of the region, Myanmar's economy is largely without the institutions and qualities necessary to achieve genuine economic growth. This paper explores the fundamentals of Myanmar's economy, from a perspective that emphasizes policy and institutional failure as the principal determinants of the country's present circumstances. The paper explores Myanmar's economy in a multifaceted way, examining concerns over economic growth, public finances, monetary and financial policies, corruption, and international trade. Notwithstanding the change in the form of Myanmar's governing institutions following the elections of November 2010, the paper concludes pessimistically as to the likelihood of meaningful economic reform in the foreseeable future.
| Author | : Myat Thein |
| Publisher | : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |
| Total Pages | : 305 |
| Release | : 2004 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9812302115 |
There are a number of excellent studies by eminent Myanmar economists as well as scholars from abroad covering different post-war periods and/or various aspects of development in Myanmar. What this book does is to bring them altogether, as it were, under one roof by recasting bits and pieces of their work according to the author’s own understanding. In doing so, a holistic approach was adopted in order to have a well-rounded account of developments over the past fifty years or more. In addition, an attempt has also been made to present the major developments at different periods of time between 1948 and 2000 in a simple, but not over simplified, reader-friendly format so as to reach as wide an audience as possible. It is the author’s ardent wish that not only students and policy-makers, but Myanmar people in all walks of life will read the book, discuss it, and work together for a better future.
| Author | : Asian Development Bank |
| Publisher | : Asian Development Bank |
| Total Pages | : 405 |
| Release | : 2014-08-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9292546236 |
After 3 years of historic reforms, Myanmar has entered a pivotal stage in its socioeconomic development. Natural, cultural, and demographic advantages are positioning the country for long-term success, but many challenges and potential pitfalls lie ahead. This publication examines how to leverage the opportunities and offers solutions to the challenges. For Myanmar to achieve its economic transition, considerable investments will have to be made in infrastructure and developing human capital, and progress made on building institutional capacity, a regulatory environment for the private sector to flourish, and a modern finance sector. In all reform efforts, the government should embrace good governance, and strive for inclusive, environmentally sustainable, and regionally connected growth. Ensuring that the benefits of growth are shared broadly and regionally balanced stands out in a crowded development agenda.
| Author | : Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 184 |
| Release | : 1997-01-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780821338520 |
World Bank Technical Paper No. 349. The Bank's approach to water resources development has shifted from one of construction activities to one of improved management quality, creating a new generation of water-related projects and the need for new evaluation procedures. This paper addresses the methodology for economic evaluation of this new group of projects and draws on the experience of the recently approved Mexico Water Resources Management project.
| Author | : Kōichi Fujita |
| Publisher | : NUS Press |
| Total Pages | : 340 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9789971694616 |
For many years Myanmar operated an inward-looking economic system built on import substitution. Ultimately this policy failed, leaving behind inefficient state economic enterprises and widespread poverty. Political unrest in 1988 led a newly installed military government to liberalize the economy, opening it to foreign investment and private participation in trade. This move towards a market economy was in line with world-wide trends, but political instability forced the country to follow a course different from neighboring countries. By analyzing economic policies and performance across the economic spectrum, this book presents an overall picture of economic development in Myanmar between 1988 and the early 2000s. The authors synthesize both macro and micro level data to overcome some of the limitations of unreliable national statistics, and show how the government attempted to deal with two key issues it faced. The first was how to reform the inefficient socialistic economic system in conformity with a market economy, and the second was how to develop the agricultural and underdeveloped economy to alleviate mass poverty.
