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mTOR in Human Diseases

mTOR in Human Diseases
Author: Olivier Dormond
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 480
Release: 2019-06-18
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3039210602

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The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major signaling intermediary that coordinates favorable environmental conditions with cell growth. Indeed, as part of two functionally distinct protein complexes, named mTORC1 and mTORC2, mTOR regulates a variety of cellular processes, including protein, lipid, and nucleotide synthesis, as well as autophagy. Over the last two decades, major molecular advances have been made in mTOR signaling and have revealed the complexity of the events implicated in mTOR function and regulation. In parallel, the role of mTOR in diverse pathological conditions has also been identified, including in cancer, hamartoma, neurological, and metabolic diseases. Through a series of articles, this book focuses on the role played by mTOR in cellular processes, metabolism in particular, and highlights a panel of human diseases for which mTOR inhibition provides or might provide benefits. It also addresses future studies needed to further characterize the role of mTOR in selected disorders, which will help design novel therapeutic approaches. It is therefore intended for everyone who has an interest in mTOR biology and its application in human pathologies.


mTOR in Human Diseases

mTOR in Human Diseases
Author: Olivier Dormond
Publisher:
Total Pages: 480
Release: 2019
Genre: Medicine (General)
ISBN: 9783039210619

Download mTOR in Human Diseases Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major signaling intermediary that coordinates favorable environmental conditions with cell growth. Indeed, as part of two functionally distinct protein complexes, named mTORC1 and mTORC2, mTOR regulates a variety of cellular processes, including protein, lipid, and nucleotide synthesis, as well as autophagy. Over the last two decades, major molecular advances have been made in mTOR signaling and have revealed the complexity of the events implicated in mTOR function and regulation. In parallel, the role of mTOR in diverse pathological conditions has also been identified, including in cancer, hamartoma, neurological, and metabolic diseases. Through a series of articles, this book focuses on the role played by mTOR in cellular processes, metabolism in particular, and highlights a panel of human diseases for which mTOR inhibition provides or might provide benefits. It also addresses future studies needed to further characterize the role of mTOR in selected disorders, which will help design novel therapeutic approaches. It is therefore intended for everyone who has an interest in mTOR biology and its application in human pathologies.


Molecules to Medicine with mTOR

Molecules to Medicine with mTOR
Author: Kenneth Maiese
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 474
Release: 2016-02-21
Genre: Science
ISBN: 012802755X

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Molecules to Medicine with mTOR: Translating Critical Pathways into Novel Therapeutic Strategies is a one-stop reference that thoroughly covers the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR, also known as the mammalian target of rapamycin, is a 289-kDa serine/threonine protein kinase that is ubiquitous throughout the body and has a critical role in gene transcription and protein formation, stem cell development, cell survival and senescence, aging, immunity, tissue regeneration and repair, metabolism, tumorigenesis, oxidative stress, and pathways of programmed cell death that include apoptosis and autophagy. Incorporating a translational medicine approach, this important reference highlights the basic cellular biology of mTOR pathways, presents the role of mTOR during normal physiologic function and disease, and illustrates how the mechanisms of mTOR can be targeted for current and future therapeutic treatment strategies. Coverage of mTOR signaling includes the entire life cycle of cells that impacts multiple systems of the body including those of nervous, cardiovascular, immune, musculoskeletal, endocrine, reproductive, renal, and respiratory origin. Covers the role of mTOR by internationally recognized expert contributors in the field. Provides a clear picture of the complexity of mTOR signaling as well as of the different approaches that could target this pathway at various levels. Includes analysis of the role of mTOR and in both health and disease. Serves as an important resource for a broad audience of healthcare providers, scientists, drug developers, and students in both clinical and research settings.


Aging and Health

Aging and Health
Author: Anatoli I. Yashin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2015
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9783318027297

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Aging is a major risk factor for chronic diseases, which in turn can provide information about the aging of a biological system. This publication serves as an introduction to systems biology and its application to biological aging. Key pathways and processes that impinge on aging are reviewed, and how they contribute to health and disease during aging is discussed. The evolution of this situation is analyzed, and the consequences for the study of genetic effects on aging are presented. Epigenetic programming of aging, as a continuation of development, creates an interface between the genome and the environment. New research into the gut microbiome describes how this interface may operate in practice with marked consequences for a variety of disorders. This analysis is bolstered by a view of the aging organism as a whole, with conclusions about the mechanisms underlying resilience of the organism to change, and is expanded with a discussion of circadian rhythms in aging. Finally, the book presents an outlook for the development of interventions to delay or to reverse the features of aging. The publication is recommended to students, researchers as well as professionals dealing with public health and public policy related to an aging society.


mTOR Signaling in Metabolism and Cancer

mTOR Signaling in Metabolism and Cancer
Author: Shile Huang
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 204
Release: 2020-12-03
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3039435531

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The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine kinase, is a central regulator for human physiological activity. Deregulated mTOR signaling is implicated in a variety of disorders, such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. The papers published in this Special Issue summarize the current understanding of the mTOR pathway and its role in the regulation of tissue regeneration, regulatory T cell differentiation and function, and different types of cancer including hematologic malignancies, skin, prostate, breast, and head and neck cancer. The findings highlight that targeting mTOR pathway is a promising strategy to fight against certain human diseases.


Structure, Function and Regulation of TOR complexes from Yeasts to Mammals

Structure, Function and Regulation of TOR complexes from Yeasts to Mammals
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 421
Release: 2010-03-13
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0123815401

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Cell growth is highly regulated and is controlled by the TOR signaling network. Dysfunction of signaling pathways controlling cell growth results in cells of altered sizes and in turn causes developmental errors and a wide range of pathological conditions. An understanding of the TOR signaling network may lead to novel drugs for the treatment of, for example, cancer, diabetes, inflammation, muscle atrophy, learning disabilities, depression, obesity and aging. There has been an explosion of knowledge in this area in recent years and this volume provides an in-depth review of our current knowledge of TOR complexes by the leaders in the field. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field


mTOR

mTOR
Author: Thomas Weichhart
Publisher: Humana Press
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2011-12-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781617794292

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Since its discovery, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been shown to regulate many critical molecular processes in eukaryotes such as metabolism, growth, survival, aging, synaptic plasticity, memory, and immunity. In mTOR: Methods and Protocols expert researchers in the field detail many of the methods which are now commonly used to study mTOR. These include methods and techniques used for the study of the mTOR pathway and potential therapeutic applications of mTOR inhibitors such as, immunosuppressive and anticancer agents. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, mTOR: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in the further study of this crucially important molecule ranging from the analysis of signal transduction events within a cell to the assessment of complex human diseases such as metabolic disorders or cancer.


Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies

Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies
Author: Jeffrey Noebels
Publisher: OUP USA
Total Pages: 1258
Release: 2012-06-29
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0199746540

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Jasper's Basic Mechanisms, Fourth Edition, is the newest most ambitious and now clinically relevant publishing project to build on the four-decade legacy of the Jasper's series. In keeping with the original goal of searching for "a better understanding of the epilepsies and rational methods of prevention and treatment.", the book represents an encyclopedic compendium neurobiological mechanisms of seizures, epileptogenesis, epilepsy genetics and comordid conditions. Of practical importance to the clinician, and new to this edition are disease mechanisms of genetic epilepsies and therapeutic approaches, ranging from novel antiepileptic drug targets to cell and gene therapies.


MTOR Signaling in Metabolism and Cancer

MTOR Signaling in Metabolism and Cancer
Author: Shile Huang
Publisher:
Total Pages: 204
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN: 9783039435548

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The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine kinase, is a central regulator for human physiological activity. Deregulated mTOR signaling is implicated in a variety of disorders, such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. The papers published in this Special Issue summarize the current understanding of the mTOR pathway and its role in the regulation of tissue regeneration, regulatory T cell differentiation and function, and different types of cancer including hematologic malignancies, skin, prostate, breast, and head and neck cancer. The findings highlight that targeting mTOR pathway is a promising strategy to fight against certain human diseases.


ARF Family GTPases

ARF Family GTPases
Author: Richard A. Kahn
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 368
Release: 2004-02-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1402017197

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For the first time experts in the area of signalling research with a focus on the ARF family have contributed to the production of a title devoted to ARF biology. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the ARF family, tables of the ARF GEFs and ARF GAPs, and more than a dozen chapters describing them in detail are provided. The impact of the ARF proteins on widely diverse aspects of cell biology and cell signalling can be clearly seen from the activities described; including membrane traffic, lipid metabolism, receptor desensitization, mouse development, microtubule dynamics, and bacterial pathogenesis. Anyone interested in understanding the complexities of cell signalling and the integration of signalling networks will benefit from this volume.