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Life Settlements and Longevity Structures

Life Settlements and Longevity Structures
Author: Geoff Chaplin
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 406
Release: 2009-08-03
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0470741945

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Recent turbulence in the financial markets has highlighted the need for diversified portfolios with lower correlations between the different investments. Life settlements meet this need, offering investors the prospect of high, stable returns, uncorrelated with the broader financial markets. This book provides readers of all levels of experience with essential information on the process surrounding the acquisition and management of a portfolio of life settlements; the assessment, modelling and mitigation of the associated longevity, interest rate and credit risks; and practical approaches to financing and risk management structures. It begins with the history of life insurance and looks at how the need for new financing sources has led to the growth of the life settlements market in the United States. The authors provide a detailed exploration of the mathematical formulae surrounding the generation of mortality curves, drawing a parallel between the tools deployed in the credit derivatives market and those available to model longevity risk. Structured products and securitisation techniques are introduced and explained, starting with simple vanilla products and models before illustrating some of the investment structures associated with life settlements. Capital market mechanisms available to assist the investor in limiting the risks associated with life settlement portfolios are outlined, as are opportunities to use life settlement portfolios to mitigate the risks of traditional capital markets. The last section of the book covers derivative products, either available now or under consideration, that will reduce or potentially eliminate longevity risks within life settlement portfolios. It then reviews hedging and risk management strategies and considers how to measure the effectiveness of risk mitigation.


Longevity Risk

Longevity Risk
Author: Frederik Weber
Publisher: VVW GmbH
Total Pages: 245
Release: 2010
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 3862981452

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Die Dissertation von Dr. Frederik Weber erscheint in englischer Sprache. Der demographische Wandel und die steigende Lebenserwartung haben in jüngster Zeit verstärkte Diskussionen in der Öffentlichkeit angeregt. Zusätzlich sinkende Rentenleistungen erfordern ein effizienteres Management der privaten Altersvorsorge. Gleichzeitig ergibt sich aus dieser Tatsache ein erhöhtes Risiko für Rentenanbieter aus der Unsicherheit über die zukünftige Sterblichkeitsentwicklung. Die vorliegende Arbeit beleuchtet dazu zunächst die zugrundeliegende demographische Entwicklung und unterschiedliche Ausprägungen des Langlebigkeitsrisikos. Mögliche Probleme bei der Versicherbarkeit dieses Risikos bieten Anknüpfungspunkte für die optimierte Gestaltung von Versicherungsverträgen. Neben Kohorteneffekten in der Sterblichkeitsentwicklung, für die geeignete Maßzahlen und Kriterien zur Identifikation sogenannter "Select Cohorts" diskutiert werden, steht eine Abschätzung des potenziellen Ausmaßes des Langlebigkeitsrisikos im Mittelpunkt des ersten Teils. In einer Simulation wird die Wechselbeziehung von Langlebigkeits- und Investmentrisiko in Rentenportfolios erörtert. Sie verdeutlicht die Unterschiede beider Risikoarten, zeigt jedoch für das Langlebigkeitsrisiko feinere Muster, die aufgrund fehlender Kapitalmarktinstrumente nicht vollständig abgesichert werden können. Typische Risikomanagement-Optionen erweisen sich in Bezug auf das Langlebigkeitsrisiko überwiegend als wenig hilfreich oder sinnvoll. Einzig ein verändertes aktuarielles Produktdesign in Form einer mortalitätsindexierten Leibrente (Mortality-Indexed Annuity) verspricht eine signifikante Reduktion des Risikos für Versicherer. Dieser Vorteil bestätigt sich in einer weiteren Simulation auch aus Kundenperspektive, so dass diese Produktidee dazu beitragen könnte, Angebot und Nachfrage in einem unterentwickelten Markt für private Rentenversicherungen zu stärken. The demographic transition and increasing life expectancies have increasingly been discussed also in the general public. As a consequence, reduced social security pensions increasingly challenge individuals’ retirement funding to adequately manage the individual longevity risk. In addition, pension providers face the uncertainty regarding future mortality development. The present work sketches the underlying demographic development and distinguishes different forms of longevity risk. Potential drawbacks with respect to its insurability represent natural starting points for a discussion of adequate insurance contract design. Besides cohort effects in mortality reduction, for which suitable measures and criteria to identify so called "select cohorts" are discussed, an appraisal of the potential financial impact of longevity risk is a key objective here. Further insight into its relationship to and interaction with investment risk in life annuity portfolios are the main objective of a simulation study. Although capital market risks exert a stronger direct influence on an insurer’s technical result, longevity risk turns out to be of a more subtle nature. However, this risk cannot yet be hedged with the existing capital market instruments and thus appears worthwhile to be further analyzed. Typical risk management tools prove to be less apt upon closer inspection. Solely, a modified actuarial product design in the form of a life annuity with mortality-indexed benefits shows promise for reducing insurers’ exposure. The advantageousness of such a product concept can also be confirmed from a policyholder’s perspective by means of a further simulation study so that it might contribute to stimulate supply and demand in the underdeveloped market for life annuities.


Mortality Assumptions and Longevity Risk Implications for pension funds and annuity providers

Mortality Assumptions and Longevity Risk Implications for pension funds and annuity providers
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 194
Release: 2014-12-08
Genre:
ISBN: 926422274X

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The publication assess how pension funds, annuity providers such as life insurance companies, and the regulatory framework incorporate future improvements in mortality and life expectancy.


Modelling Longevity Dynamics for Pensions and Annuity Business

Modelling Longevity Dynamics for Pensions and Annuity Business
Author: Ermanno Pitacco
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Total Pages: 416
Release: 2009-01-29
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0191609420

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Mortality improvements, uncertainty in future mortality trends and the relevant impact on life annuities and pension plans constitute important topics in the field of actuarial mathematics and life insurance techniques. In particular, actuarial calculations concerning pensions, life annuities and other living benefits (provided, for example, by long-term care insurance products and whole life sickness covers) are based on survival probabilities which necessarily extend over a long time horizon. In order to avoid underestimation of the related liabilities, the insurance company (or the pension plan) must adopt an appropriate forecast of future mortality. Great attention is currently being devoted to the management of life annuity portfolios, both from a theoretical and a practical point of view, because of the growing importance of annuity benefits paid by private pension schemes. In particular, the progressive shift from defined benefit to defined contribution pension schemes has increased the interest in life annuities with a guaranteed annual amount. This book provides a comprehensive and detailed description of methods for projecting mortality, and an extensive introduction to some important issues concerning longevity risk in the area of life annuities and pension benefits. It relies on research work carried out by the authors, as well as on a wide teaching experience and in CPD (Continuing Professional Development) initiatives. The following topics are dealt with: life annuities in the framework of post-retirement income strategies; the basic mortality model; recent mortality trends that have been experienced; general features of projection models; discussion of stochastic projection models, with numerical illustrations; measuring and managing longevity risk.


New Models for Managing Longevity Risk

New Models for Managing Longevity Risk
Author: Olivia S. Mitchell
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 353
Release: 2022
Genre: Law
ISBN: 0192859803

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This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Notwithstanding the terrible price the world has paid in the coronavirus pandemic, the fact remains that longevity at older ages is likely to continue to rise in the medium and longer term. This volume explores how the private and public sectors can collaborate via public-private partnerships (PPPs) to develop new mechanisms to reduce older people's risk of outliving their assets in later life. As this volume shows, PPPs typically involve shared government financing alongside private sector partner expertise, management responsibility, and accountability. In addition to offering empirical evidence on examples where this is working well, contributors provide case studies, discuss survey results, and examine a variety of different financial and insurance products to better meet the needs of the aging population. This volume will be informative to researchers, plan sponsors, students, and policymakers seeking to enhance retirement plan offerings.


Modeling and Management of Longevity Risk

Modeling and Management of Longevity Risk
Author: Andrew J. G. Cairns
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

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In this article we review the state of play in the use of stochastic models for the measurement and management of longevity risk. A focus of the discussion concerns how robust these models are relative to a variety of inputs: something that is particularly important in formulating a risk management strategy. On the modeling front much still needs to be done on robust multipopulation mortality models, and on the risk management front we need to develop a better understanding of what the objectives are of pension plans that need to be optimized. We propose a variety of ways forward on both counts.


Multi-Population Heat Wave Mortality Models for Longevity Risk Pricing and Hedging

Multi-Population Heat Wave Mortality Models for Longevity Risk Pricing and Hedging
Author: Sixian Tang
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023
Genre:
ISBN:

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Over the past several decades, human life expectancy has been increasing rather consistently, driving concerns about longevity risk for pension plans and annuity providers. While extrapolative methods assume continued mortality declines, recent years have seen stagnation or even declines in life expectancy in some developed countries due to decaying transient mortality reductions. In response, a heat wave mortality model was developed to divide mortality improvements into a background level captured by classical mortality models and temporary improvements described by a heat wave component. We propose two multi-population heat wave models to investigate the impact of stalling mortality improvements on longevity risk management. These models provide a parsimonious way to depict the latest mortality developments and produce forecasts that are more in line with recent observations. A hedging exercise using country-level mortality data reveals that our proposed models suggest a tolerance for higher risk premium embedded in longevity swaps before the hedge becomes financially infeasible. However, hedge effectiveness can decrease by 15% when the reference and book populations involved in a longevity swap do not share the same path of transient mortality rates. Overall, our study emphasises the importance of accounting for stalling mortality improvements when managing longevity risk and provides a practical framework for doing so using multi-population heat wave models.