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| Author | : Mr.Giovanni Dell'Ariccia |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 41 |
| Release | : 2013-06-06 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484381130 |
Download Bank Leverage and Monetary Policy's Risk-Taking Channel Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
We present evidence of a risk-taking channel of monetary policy for the U.S. banking system. We use confidential data on the internal ratings of U.S. banks on loans to businesses over the period 1997 to 2011 from the Federal Reserve’s survey of terms of business lending. We find that ex-ante risk taking by banks (as measured by the risk rating of the bank’s loan portfolio) is negatively associated with increases in short-term policy interest rates. This relationship is less pronounced for banks with relatively low capital or during periods when banks’ capital erodes, such as episodes of financial and economic distress. These results contribute to the ongoing debate on the role of monetary policy in financial stability and suggest that monetary policy has a bearing on the riskiness of banks and financial stability more generally.
| Author | : Mr.Luc Laeven |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 38 |
| Release | : 2010-12-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1455210838 |
Download Monetary Policy, Leverage, and Bank Risk Taking Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
We provide a theoretical foundation for the claim that prolonged periods of easy monetary conditions increase bank risk taking. The net effect of a monetary policy change on bank monitoring (an inverse measure of risk taking) depends on the balance of three forces: interest rate pass-through, risk shifting, and leverage. When banks can adjust their capital structures, a monetary easing leads to greater leverage and lower monitoring. However, if a bank's capital structure is fixed, the balance depends on the degree of bank capitalization: when facing a policy rate cut, well capitalized banks decrease monitoring, while highly levered banks increase it. Further, the balance of these effects depends on the structure and contestability of the banking industry, and is therefore likely to vary across countries and over time.
| Author | : Mr.Giovanni Dell'Ariccia |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 41 |
| Release | : 2013-06-06 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 148433373X |
Download Bank Leverage and Monetary Policy's Risk-Taking Channel Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
We present evidence of a risk-taking channel of monetary policy for the U.S. banking system. We use confidential data on the internal ratings of U.S. banks on loans to businesses over the period 1997 to 2011 from the Federal Reserve’s survey of terms of business lending. We find that ex-ante risk taking by banks (as measured by the risk rating of the bank’s loan portfolio) is negatively associated with increases in short-term policy interest rates. This relationship is less pronounced for banks with relatively low capital or during periods when banks’ capital erodes, such as episodes of financial and economic distress. These results contribute to the ongoing debate on the role of monetary policy in financial stability and suggest that monetary policy has a bearing on the riskiness of banks and financial stability more generally.
| Author | : Mr.Giovanni Dell'Ariccia |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 23 |
| Release | : 2010-07-27 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1455253235 |
Download Monetary Policy and Bank Risk-Taking Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper contributes to the current debate on what role financial stability considerations should play in monetary policy decision and how best to integrate macro-prudential and monetary policy frameworks. The paper broadly supports the view that monetary policy easing induces greater risk-taking by banks but also shows that the relationship between real interest rates and banking risk is more complex. Ultimately, it depends on how much skin in the game banks have. The central message of the paper is broadly complementary to those in the recent MCM board paper “Central Banking Lessons from the Crisis.”
| Author | : Giovanni Dell'Ariccia |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 67 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : Bank loans |
| ISBN | : |
Download Bank Leverage and Monetary Policy's Risk-taking Channel Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
We present evidence of a risk-taking channel of monetary policy for the U.S. banking system. We use confidential data on banks' internal ratings on loans to businesses over the period 1997 to 2011 from the Federal Reserve's survey of terms of business lending. We find that ex-ante risk taking by banks (measured by the risk rating of new loans) is negatively associated with increases in short-term interest rates. This relationship is more pronounced in regions that are less in sync with the nationwide business cycle, and less pronounced for banks with relatively low capital or during periods of financial distress.
| Author | : Mr.Fabian Valencia |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 39 |
| Release | : 2011-10-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1463923236 |
Download Monetary Policy, Bank Leverage, and Financial Stability Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper develops a model to assess how monetary policy rates affect bank risk-taking. In the model, a reduction in the risk-free rate increases lending profitability by reducing funding costs and increasing the surplus the monopolistic bank extracts from borrowers. Under limited liability, this increased profitability affects only upside returns, inducing the bank to take excessive leverage and hence risk. Excessive risk-taking increases as the interest rate decreases. At a broader level, the model illustrates how a benign macroeconomic environment can lead to excessive risk-taking, and thus it highlights a role for macroprudential regulation.
| Author | : Fabián Valencia |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 41 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Monetary Policy, Bank Leverage, and Financial Stability Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper develops a dynamic bank model to show that expansionary monetary shocks can increase bank risk-taking through higher leverage. Lower monetary policy rates increase lending profitability which can encourage the bank to take more leverage to finance new loans. In the presence of limited liability, the increase in leverage and risk can be excessive. However, the relationship can be non-monotonic. When the bank cannot issue equity, a small reduction in monetary policy rates can reduce excessive risk-taking, whereas a large one can increase it. When the bank can issue equity but adjusting dividends is costly, lower monetary policy rates always induce excessive risk-taking and the effect is quite persistent. In this model, capital requirements work better than loan-to-value caps in reducing excessive risk taking because they are closer to the source of the distortion.
| Author | : Natalya Martynova |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 44 |
| Release | : 2015-11-25 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1513565818 |
Download Bank Profitability and Risk-Taking Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Traditional theory suggests that more profitable banks should have lower risk-taking incentives. Then why did many profitable banks choose to invest in untested financial instruments before the crisis, realizing significant losses? We attempt to reconcile theory and evidence. In our setup, banks are endowed with a fixed core business. They take risk by levering up to engage in risky ‘side activities’(such as market-based investments) alongside the core business. A more profitable core business allows a bank to borrow more and take side risks on a larger scale, offsetting lower incentives to take risk of given size. Consequently, more profitable banks may have higher risk-taking incentives. The framework is consistent with cross-sectional patterns of bank risk-taking in the run up to the recent financial crisis.
| Author | : Moritz Schularick |
| Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
| Total Pages | : 318 |
| Release | : 2022-12-13 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 022681694X |
Download Leveraged Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
An authoritative guide to the new economics of our crisis-filled century. Published in collaboration with the Institute for New Economic Thinking. The 2008 financial crisis was a seismic event that laid bare how financial institutions’ instabilities can have devastating effects on societies and economies. COVID-19 brought similar financial devastation at the beginning of 2020 and once more massive interventions by central banks were needed to heed off the collapse of the financial system. All of which begs the question: why is our financial system so fragile and vulnerable that it needs government support so often? For a generation of economists who have risen to prominence since 2008, these events have defined not only how they view financial instability, but financial markets more broadly. Leveraged brings together these voices to take stock of what we have learned about the costs and causes of financial fragility and to offer a new canonical framework for understanding it. Their message: the origins of financial instability in modern economies run deeper than the technical debates around banking regulation, countercyclical capital buffers, or living wills for financial institutions. Leveraged offers a fundamentally new picture of how financial institutions and societies coexist, for better or worse. The essays here mark a new starting point for research in financial economics. As we muddle through the effects of a second financial crisis in this young century, Leveraged provides a road map and a research agenda for the future.
| Author | : Giovanni Dell'Ariccia |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Interest Rates and the Bank Risk-Taking Channel Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The recent global financial crisis has brought the debate on how interest rates affect bank risk-taking to center stage. Proponents of this new risk-taking channel of monetary policy have argued that the low interest-rate environment in the run-up to the crisis may have created incentives for banks to take on excessive leverage and lower their lending standard, thus weakening bank portfolios. There is growing empirical evidence supporting this view. In contrast, this link has been little studied from a theoretical standpoint, leaving somewhat of a hole in our understanding of why (and how) banks' decisions concerning the overall risk of their portfolios, and their capital structures, may be influenced by changes in the interest rate environment and, by extension, policy choices (e.g., monetary policy) that affect it. We summarize some of the emerging literature on this topic (both empirical and theoretical), as well as some of the more classical work on related topics. We also present a simple model that illustrates various channels through which bank risk-taking is affected by the interest rate environment in which banks operate. We use that model to analyze the likely effect of various other forces. Given the wealth of evidence that interest rates may have a real effect through banks' portfolio decisions, it is important for policymakers to better understand the channel through which real interest rates operate on banks' decision-making.
