Drugs, Brains, and Behavior
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 76 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : Brain |
ISBN | : |
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Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Modelling Addictive Consumption PDF full book. Access full book title Modelling Addictive Consumption.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 76 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : Brain |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Lukas Dauner |
Publisher | : GRIN Verlag |
Total Pages | : 28 |
Release | : 2018-03-27 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 3668671206 |
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Economy - Health Economics, grade: 1,0, University of Hohenheim (Institut für Health Care & Public Management), language: English, abstract: It is proposed by Gary S. Becker and Kevin M. Murphy that addictive behavior could be usefully integrated in the rational choice framework. According to their theory, consumers are forward-looking in their decision making and calculate present and future consequences of consuming an addictive good. Becker and Murphy even claim that analyzing addictions as a rational choice offers new insights and a better understanding of addiction. Earlier economic models typically explain addictions with irrational or myopic behavior in which individuals ignore or highly discount the future when making their decisions. While the rational addiction model has become a standard tool in the economic analysis of addictive behavior, it has also been subject to much criticism. As shown in this paper, there is much evidence that model’s assumptions are unrealistic. It is argued however that the model’s predictions rather than its assumptions should be rejected based on the empirical evidence. By reviewing empirical studies which tested the Becker Murphy model, this paper seeks to examine to what extent the rational choice approach can be legitimately applied to addictive behavior. The model’s assumptions and implications will be explained. later, the main criticisms about the theory will be discussed. After that, the most relevant studies and their implications will be reviewed.
Author | : Rudolph Eugene Vuchinich |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 468 |
Release | : 2003-11-13 |
Genre | : Computers |
ISBN | : 9780080440569 |
Choice, Behavioural Economics and Addiction is about the theory, data, and applied implications of choice-based models of substance use and addiction. The distinction between substance use and addiction is important, because many individuals use substances but are not also addicted to them. The behavioural economic perspective has made contributions to the analysis of both of these phenomena and, while the major focus of the book is on theories of addiction, it is necessary also to consider the behavioural economic account of substance use in order to place the theories in their proper context and provide full coverage of the contribution of behavioural economics to this field of study. The book discusses the four major theories of addiction that have been developed in the area of economic science/behavioural economics. They are: . hyperbolic discounting . melioration . relative addiction . rational addiction The main objective of the book is to popularise these ideas among addiction researchers, academics and practitioners. The specific aims are to articulate the shared and distinctive elements of these four theories, to present and discuss the latest empirical work on substance abuse and addiction that is being conducted in this area, and to articulate a range of applied implications of this body of work for clinical, public health and public policy initiatives. The book is based on an invitation-only conference entitled, Choice, Behavioural Economics and Addiction: Theory, Evidence and Applications held at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, March 30 - April 1, 2001. The conference was attended by prominent scientists and scholars, representing a range of disciplines concerned with theories of addiction and their consequences for policy and practice. The papers in the book are based on the papers given at the above conference, together with commentaries by distinguished experts and, in many cases, replies to these comments by the presenters.
Author | : Hanna Pickard |
Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
Total Pages | : 175 |
Release | : 2015-12-07 |
Genre | : Addicts |
ISBN | : 2889197131 |
For much of the 20th century, theories of addictive behaviour and motivation were polarized between two models. The first model viewed addiction as a moral failure for which addicts are rightly held responsible and judged accordingly. The second model, in contrast, viewed addiction as a specific brain disease caused by neurobiological adaptations occurring in response to chronic drug or alcohol use, and over which addicts have no choice or control. As our capacity to observe neurobiological phenomena improved, the second model became scientific orthodoxy, increasingly dominating addiction research and informing public understandings of addiction. More recently, however, a dissenting view has emerged within addiction research, based partly on new scientific research and partly on progress in philosophical and psychological understandings of relevant mental phenomena. This view does not revert to treating addiction as a moral failure, but nonetheless holds that addictive behaviour is fundamentally motivated by choice and subject to at least a degree of voluntary control. On this alternative model of addiction, addictive behaviour is an instrumental means to ends that are desired by the individual, although much controversy exists with respect to the rationality or irrationality of these ends, the degree and nature of the voluntary control of addictive behaviour and motivation, the explanation of the difference between addictive and non-addictive behaviour and motivation, and, lastly, the extent to which addictive behaviour and motivation is correctly characterised as pathological or diseased. This research topic includes papers in the traditions of neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, law and social science that explore alternative understandings of addiction.
Author | : Robert West |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 290 |
Release | : 2013-11-04 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : 0470674210 |
The word ‘addiction’ these days is used to refer to a chronic condition where there is an unhealthily powerful motivation to engage in a particular behaviour. This can be driven by many different factors – physiological, psychological, environmental and social. If we say that it is all about X, we miss V, W, Y and Z. So, some people think addicts are using drugs to escape from unhappy lives, feelings of anxiety and so on; many are. Some people think drugs become addictive because they alter the brain chemistry to create powerful urges; that is often true. Others think that drug taking is about seeking after pleasure; often it is. Some take the view that addiction is a choice – addicts weigh up the pros and cons of doing what they do and decide the former outweigh the latter. Yet others believe that addicts suffer from poor impulse control; that is often true… And so it goes on. When you look at the evidence, you see that all these positions capture important aspects of the problem – but they are not complete explanations. Neuroscience can help us delve more deeply into some of these explanations, while the behavioural and social sciences are better at exploring others. We need a model that puts all this together in a way that can help us decide what to do in different cases. Should we prescribe a drug, give the person some ‘tender loving care’, put them in prison or what? Theory of Addiction provides this synthesis. The first edition was well received: ‘Throughout the book the reader is exposed to a vast number of useful observations...The theoretical aims are timely, refreshing, ambitious and above all challenging. It opens up a new way of looking at addiction and has the potential to move the field of addiction a considerable leap forward. Thus we wholeheartedly would like to recommend the book for students as well as scholars. Read and learn!’ Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs ‘The book provides a comprehensive review of existing theories - over 30 in all - and this synthesis of theories constitutes an important contribution in and of itself... West is to be commended for his synthesis of addiction theories that span neurobiology, psychology and social science and for his insights into what remains unexplained.’ Addiction This new edition of Theory of Addiction builds on the first, including additional theories in the field, a more developed specification of PRIME theory and analysis of the expanding evidence base. With this important new information, Theory of Addiction will continue to be essential reading for all those working in addiction, from student to experienced practitioner – as urged above, Read and learn!
Author | : Chongwoo Choe |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 28 |
Release | : 1997 |
Genre | : Consumption (Economics) |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Gordon Foxall |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 263 |
Release | : 2016-02-12 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1134472242 |
A striking characteristic of addictive behavior is the pursuit of immediate reward at the risk of longer-term detrimental outcomes. It is typically accompanied by the expression of a strong desire to cease from or at least control consumption that has such consequences, followed by lapse, further resolution, relapse, and so on. Understood in this way, addiction includes substance abuse as well as behavioral compulsions like excessive gambling or even uncontrollable shopping. Behavioral economics and neurophysiology provide well-worn paths to understanding this behavior and this book regards them as central components of this quest. However, the specific question it seeks to answer is, What part does cognition – the desires we pursue and the beliefs we have about how to accomplish them – play in explaining addictive behavior? The answer is sought in a methodology that indicates why and where cognitive explanation is necessary, the form it should take, and the outcomes of employing it to understand addiction. It applies the Behavioral Perspective Model (BPM) of consumer choice, a tried and tested theory of more routine consumption, ranging from everyday product and brand choice, through credit purchasing and environmental despoliation, to the more extreme aspects of consumption represented by compulsion and addiction. The book will advance debate among behavioral scientists, cognitive psychologists, and other professionals about the nature of economic and social behavior.
Author | : Stanton Peele |
Publisher | : Jossey-Bass |
Total Pages | : 232 |
Release | : 1998-08-28 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : |
A controversial and persuasive analysis of addiction A tour de force, a spectacular effort of research andunderstanding. This book gives us the courage to bypass diseasenotions to deal with intrapsychic, family system, and social andcultural dynamics in addiction. ?David Cook, Counseling and Psychological Services, University ofWisconsin This compelling and controversial book challenges the widelyaccepted belief that alcohol and drug addiction have a genetic orbiological basis. The so-called disease theory suggests that a substance or activity can cause the addict to losecontrol of his behavior. Stanton Peele demonstrates how this notionfails to make sense of scientific observations. Analyzing studies of drug and cigarette addiction, alcoholism,obesity, and other potential compulsions such as running and sex,Peele reveals the surprising frequency of self-cure as part of theevidence. The author finds that compulsive habits and depAndencyare a way of coping that individuals can reverse as their lifecircumstances change. This brilliantly argued book is sure toprovoke discussion and stimulate new approaches to treatment.
Author | : Robert West |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 168 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : Addicts |
ISBN | : |
This volume presents a compendium of models of addiction placed within an integrated framework.
Author | : Marc Lewis |
Publisher | : PublicAffairs |
Total Pages | : 256 |
Release | : 2015-07-14 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : 1610394380 |
Through the vivid, true stories of five people who journeyed into and out of addiction, a renowned neuroscientist explains why the "disease model" of addiction is wrong and illuminates the path to recovery. The psychiatric establishment and rehab industry in the Western world have branded addiction a brain disease. But in The Biology of Desire, cognitive neuroscientist and former addict Marc Lewis makes a convincing case that addiction is not a disease, and shows why the disease model has become an obstacle to healing. Lewis reveals addiction as an unintended consequence of the brain doing what it's supposed to do-seek pleasure and relief-in a world that's not cooperating. As a result, most treatment based on the disease model fails. Lewis shows how treatment can be retooled to achieve lasting recovery. This is enlightening and optimistic reading for anyone who has wrestled with addiction either personally or professionally.