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| Author | : Mr.Benedict J. Clements |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 33 |
| Release | : 1999-07-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1451851006 |
Download Military Spending, the Peace Dividend, and Fiscal Adjustment Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The end of the Cold War has ushered in significant changes in worldwide military spending. This paper finds that the easing of (1) international tensions, (2) regional tensions, and (3) the existence of IMF-supported programs are related to lower military spending and a higher share of nonmilitary spending in total government outlays. These factors account for up to 66 percent, 26 percent, and 11 percent of the decline in military spending, respectively. Furthermore, fiscal adjustment has implied a larger cut in military spending of countries with IMF-supported programs.
| Author | : Hamid R. Davoodi |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 32 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Military Spending, the Peace Dividend, and Fiscal Adjustment Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The end of the Cold War has ushered in significant changes in worldwide military spending. This paper finds that the easing of (1) international tensions, (2) regional tensions, and (3) the existence of IMF-supported programs are related to lower military spending and a higher share of nonmilitary spending in total government outlays. These factors account for up to 66 percent, 26 percent, and 11 percent of the decline in military spending, respectively. Furthermore, fiscal adjustment has implied a larger cut in military spending of countries with IMF-supported programs.
| Author | : Hamid Reza Davoodi |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 40 |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : Cold War |
| ISBN | : |
Download Military Spending, the Peace Dividend, and Fiscal Adjustment Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Presents a theoretical model for analyzing the relationship between military and overall government spending and finds that the easing of international tensions, regional tensions, and the existence of IMF-supported programs are related to lower military spending and a higher share of nonmilitary spending in total government outlays.
| Author | : Delano Villanueva |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 40 |
| Release | : 1995-05-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1451847335 |
Download The Peace Dividend Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Although conventional wisdom suggests that reducing military spending may improve a country’s economic growth performance, empirical studies have produced ambiguous results. This paper extends a standard growth model and estimates it using techniques that exploit both cross-section and time-series dimensions of available data to obtain consistent estimates of the growth-retarding effects of military spending via its adverse impact on capital formation and resource allocation. Model simulations suggest that a substantial long-run “Peace Dividend”--in the form of higher capacity output--may result from: (i) markedly lower military expenditure levels achieved in most regions during the late 1980s; and (ii) further military spending cuts that would be possible in the future if a global peace could be secured.
| Author | : Derek Braddon |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 320 |
| Release | : 2014-02-25 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1317836502 |
Download Exploding the Myth? Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
From a cold war peak of some $1000 billion per annum, world military expenditure has declined by about 40% since 1990, reaching its lowest level for thirty years. With such significant decline in global public expenditure committments to the defence sector, a substantial and lasting peace dividend was anticipated. Most governments believed that market forces, left more or less to their own devices, would deal effectively with this major exogenous shock and generate sufficient new economic activity to allow increased public expenditure on health, education and welfare. The approach of this book is to challenge the fundamental but flawed belief that a substantial and lasting peace dividend could be secured through market solution alone. The principal assertion is that market adjustment by itself cannot deliver such a dividend.The book focuses on the major aspects of the economic, business and security consequences of post Cold War defence expenditure reduction. Key problems obstructing optimal market response are identified and possible remedial action by government and others is considered.
| Author | : Malcolm Knight |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 36 |
| Release | : 1995 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download The Peace Dividend Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Norman Loayza |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download The Peace Dividend: Military Spending Cuts and Economic Growth Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
February 1996 Empirical results suggest that lower military spending in the late 1980s -- plus further cuts in military spending should global peace be secured -- could produce a substantial long-term peace dividend in higher capacity output. Conventional wisdom suggests that reducing military spending may improve a country's economic growth, but empirical studies have produced ambiguous results on this point. Extending a standard growth model, Knight, Loayza, and Villanueva exploit both cross-section and time-series dimensions of available data to get consistent estimates of the growth-retarding effects of military spending. Military spending is growth-retarding because of its adverse impact on capital formation and resource allocation. Model simulation results suggest a substantial long-term peace dividend -- in the form of higher capacity output per capita -- that may result from (1) markedly lower military spending in most regions in the late 1980s and (2) future cuts in military spending if global peace is secured. This paper -- a joint product of the Macroeconomics and Growth Division, Policy Research Department, and the International Monetary Fund -- is part of a larger effort to understand the link between policies and growth.
| Author | : United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 624 |
| Release | : 1970 |
| Genre | : Disarmament |
| ISBN | : |
Download Adjustments of the U.S. Economy to Reductions in Military Spending Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The purpose of the study is to review the likely impact of reduced military expenditures on the economy of the United States and to identify some of the more pressing problems which may be encountered in the shift of resources from military to non-military uses. (Author).
| Author | : Mr.Benedict J. Clements |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 21 |
| Release | : 2019-09-20 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 151350987X |
Download Is Military Spending Converging Across Countries? An Examination of Trends and Key Determinants Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper studies the evolution of worldwide military spending during 1970-2018. It finds that military spending in relation to GDP is converging, but into three separate groups of countries. In the largest group, responsible for 90 percent of worldwide spending, outlays have remained stubbornly high. Military spending in developing economies reacts to improvements in security conditions and military spending in neighboring countries, suggesting that further increases in the peace dividend are possible. In developing economies, rising social spending tends to crowd out military outlays, but this is not the case in advanced economies. With social outlays projected to rise as developing countries look to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), military spending could come under pressure to fall further.
| Author | : Mr.Benedict J. Clements |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 42 |
| Release | : 1996-06-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 145184851X |
Download Worldwide Military Spending, 1990-1995 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The decline in military spending that began in the mid-1980s continued through 1995, and this decline was widespread both geographically and by level of development. Cuts in military spending appear to have potentially important implications for nonmilitary spending and fiscal adjustment. In contrast to findings for previous periods, military spending has declined more than proportionately in those countries that have reduced total spending. Countries with Fund programs have reduced military spending more sharply than other developing countries, largely reflecting outcomes in the transition economies. Further, military spending appears to have been less resilient in program countries than other developing countries.
