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Methods and Tactics in Cognitive Science

Methods and Tactics in Cognitive Science
Author: W. Kintsch
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 337
Release: 2014-03-18
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1317769074

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First published in 1984. The editors of this volume are three psychologists whose work has brought them into frequent contact with other disciplines within cognitive science, particularly linguistics and artificial intelligence. Cognitive science is based on the belief that crossing the boundaries of the traditional disciplines is not merely possible, but indeed essential in the study of cognition. The purpose of this volume is to facilitate this interaction among the disciplines that constitute cognitive science, and trying to do this not by an abstract discussion of methodological issues, but by concrete example.


Methods of Teaching

Methods of Teaching
Author: Preston D. Feden
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities, Social Sciences & World Languages
Total Pages: 422
Release: 2003
Genre: Education
ISBN:

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METHODS OF TEACHING: APPLYING COGNITIVE SCIENCE TO PROMOTE STUDENT LEARNING helps prospective teachers learn how to apply recent findings by cognitive scientists to their classroom practices in order to promote true conceptual change among their students. The book focuses squarely on ways to bring about deep rather than surface learning to all students.The authors use and model many of the teaching strategies they present, focusing on major "core" concepts and utilizing a rich array of pedagogical features, to help prospective teachers build a deep understanding of how people learn and what strategies they can use as teachers to help their students achieve long-lasting comprehension.Throughout the text, the authors emphasize the need to change instruction in light of new findings from cognitive science. Planning for instruction, behavior management, and technology are integrated into each chapter.


Cognitive Science in Education and Alternative Teaching Strategies

Cognitive Science in Education and Alternative Teaching Strategies
Author: Boris Aberšek
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Total Pages: 374
Release: 2017-06-20
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1443896233

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Cognitive science deals with such questions as 'How do we think?' and 'How do we learn, memorize, dream?'. It tackles the subject of human mentality by connecting discoveries from a range of disciplines that shed light on cognitive occurrences and the learning process. Cognitive science unites the fields of neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, linguistics, artificial intelligence, and social sciences. This book, aimed mostly at teachers, will provoke cognitive dissonance and intellectual unease, as it explores cognitive theories and allows teachers to update and internalise their ‘in-head theories’, embedded from their own school years. In order for this to happen, this volume provides information on new experiences of alternative teaching practices. Creating conditions for gaining these teaching experiences is the primary function and fundamental mission of politics in the field of education.


Methods of Thought

Methods of Thought
Author: Elizabeth Newton
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 222
Release: 2004-06-02
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1135424071

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How do people make inferences? How do their reasoning processes differ and why? Methods of Thought attempts to answer these questions by looking in detail at the different reasoning strategies people apply, how these are acquired, how they are selected and how use of these strategies is influenced by individual and task properties. Focusing on empirical data and research into deductive reasoning tasks, this book summarizes current trends in the field and helps us to understand how individual differences in reasoning impact on other studies of higher cognitive abilities in humans. Contributors include researchers who have shown that people make deductions by using a variety of strategies, and others who have found that deductive reasoning problems provide a useful test-bed for investigating general theories of strategy development. Together, it is shown that these general theories derived from other domains have important implications for deductive reasoning, and also that findings by reasoning researchers have wider consequences for general theories of strategy development. This book will be of interest to anyone studying or working in the fields of reasoning, problem solving, and cognitive development, as well as cognitive science in general.


Powerful Teaching

Powerful Teaching
Author: Pooja K. Agarwal
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 352
Release: 2019-06-05
Genre: Education
ISBN: 111952184X

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Unleash powerful teaching and the science of learning in your classroom Powerful Teaching: Unleash the Science of Learning empowers educators to harness rigorous research on how students learn and unleash it in their classrooms. In this book, cognitive scientist Pooja K. Agarwal, Ph.D., and veteran K–12 teacher Patrice M. Bain, Ed.S., decipher cognitive science research and illustrate ways to successfully apply the science of learning in classrooms settings. This practical resource is filled with evidence-based strategies that are easily implemented in less than a minute—without additional prepping, grading, or funding! Research demonstrates that these powerful strategies raise student achievement by a letter grade or more; boost learning for diverse students, grade levels, and subject areas; and enhance students’ higher order learning and transfer of knowledge beyond the classroom. Drawing on a fifteen-year scientist-teacher collaboration, more than 100 years of research on learning, and rich experiences from educators in K–12 and higher education, the authors present highly accessible step-by-step guidance on how to transform teaching with four essential strategies: Retrieval practice, spacing, interleaving, and feedback-driven metacognition. With Powerful Teaching, you will: Develop a deep understanding of powerful teaching strategies based on the science of learning Gain insight from real-world examples of how evidence-based strategies are being implemented in a variety of academic settings Think critically about your current teaching practices from a research-based perspective Develop tools to share the science of learning with students and parents, ensuring success inside and outside the classroom Powerful Teaching: Unleash the Science of Learning is an indispensable resource for educators who want to take their instruction to the next level. Equipped with scientific knowledge and evidence-based tools, turn your teaching into powerful teaching and unleash student learning in your classroom.


Make It Stick

Make It Stick
Author: Peter C. Brown
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 330
Release: 2014-04-14
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0674729013

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To most of us, learning something "the hard way" implies wasted time and effort. Good teaching, we believe, should be creatively tailored to the different learning styles of students and should use strategies that make learning easier. Make It Stick turns fashionable ideas like these on their head. Drawing on recent discoveries in cognitive psychology and other disciplines, the authors offer concrete techniques for becoming more productive learners. Memory plays a central role in our ability to carry out complex cognitive tasks, such as applying knowledge to problems never before encountered and drawing inferences from facts already known. New insights into how memory is encoded, consolidated, and later retrieved have led to a better understanding of how we learn. Grappling with the impediments that make learning challenging leads both to more complex mastery and better retention of what was learned. Many common study habits and practice routines turn out to be counterproductive. Underlining and highlighting, rereading, cramming, and single-minded repetition of new skills create the illusion of mastery, but gains fade quickly. More complex and durable learning come from self-testing, introducing certain difficulties in practice, waiting to re-study new material until a little forgetting has set in, and interleaving the practice of one skill or topic with another. Speaking most urgently to students, teachers, trainers, and athletes, Make It Stick will appeal to all those interested in the challenge of lifelong learning and self-improvement.


Music and the Cognitive Sciences

Music and the Cognitive Sciences
Author: Stephen McAdams
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 492
Release: 1989
Genre: Music
ISBN: 9783718649532

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What is Cognitive Science?

What is Cognitive Science?
Author: Barbara Von Eckardt
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 490
Release: 1995
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 9780262720236

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In a richly detailed analysis, Von Eckardt (philosophy, U. of Nebraska) lays the foundation for understanding what it means to be a cognitive scientist. She characterizes the basic assumptions that define the cognitive science approach and systematically sorts out a host of recent issues and controversies surrounding them. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR


Knowing What Students Know

Knowing What Students Know
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 383
Release: 2001-10-27
Genre: Education
ISBN: 0309293227

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Education is a hot topic. From the stage of presidential debates to tonight's dinner table, it is an issue that most Americans are deeply concerned about. While there are many strategies for improving the educational process, we need a way to find out what works and what doesn't work as well. Educational assessment seeks to determine just how well students are learning and is an integral part of our quest for improved education. The nation is pinning greater expectations on educational assessment than ever before. We look to these assessment tools when documenting whether students and institutions are truly meeting education goals. But we must stop and ask a crucial question: What kind of assessment is most effective? At a time when traditional testing is subject to increasing criticism, research suggests that new, exciting approaches to assessment may be on the horizon. Advances in the sciences of how people learn and how to measure such learning offer the hope of developing new kinds of assessments-assessments that help students succeed in school by making as clear as possible the nature of their accomplishments and the progress of their learning. Knowing What Students Know essentially explains how expanding knowledge in the scientific fields of human learning and educational measurement can form the foundations of an improved approach to assessment. These advances suggest ways that the targets of assessment-what students know and how well they know it-as well as the methods used to make inferences about student learning can be made more valid and instructionally useful. Principles for designing and using these new kinds of assessments are presented, and examples are used to illustrate the principles. Implications for policy, practice, and research are also explored. With the promise of a productive research-based approach to assessment of student learning, Knowing What Students Know will be important to education administrators, assessment designers, teachers and teacher educators, and education advocates.


Becoming Fluent

Becoming Fluent
Author: Richard Roberts
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 245
Release: 2017-02-03
Genre: Foreign Language Study
ISBN: 0262529807

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Forget everything you’ve heard about adult language learning: evidence from cognitive science and psychology prove we can learn foreign languages just as easily as children. An eye-opening study on how adult learners can master a foreign lanugage by drawing on skills and knowledge honed over a lifetime. Adults who want to learn a foreign language are often discouraged because they believe they cannot acquire a language as easily as children. Once they begin to learn a language, adults may be further discouraged when they find the methods used to teach children don't seem to work for them. What is an adult language learner to do? In this book, Richard Roberts and Roger Kreuz draw on insights from psychology and cognitive science to show that adults can master a foreign language if they bring to bear the skills and knowledge they have honed over a lifetime. Adults shouldn't try to learn as children do; they should learn like adults. Roberts and Kreuz report evidence that adults can learn new languages even more easily than children. Children appear to have only two advantages over adults in learning a language: they acquire a native accent more easily, and they do not suffer from self-defeating anxiety about learning a language. Adults, on the other hand, have the greater advantages—gained from experience—of an understanding of their own mental processes and knowing how to use language to do things. Adults have an especially advantageous grasp of pragmatics, the social use of language, and Roberts and Kreuz show how to leverage this metalinguistic ability in learning a new language. Learning a language takes effort. But if adult learners apply the tools acquired over a lifetime, it can be enjoyable and rewarding.