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Meteorological Disasters in Medieval Britain (AD 1000‒1500)

Meteorological Disasters in Medieval Britain (AD 1000‒1500)
Author: Peter J. Brown
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 300
Release: 2023-08-21
Genre: History
ISBN: 3110719622

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When high-magnitude meteorological hazards impact vulnerable human populations, disasters are the inevitable consequence. Through archaeological and historical evidence, this book investigates how these sudden and unpredictable events affected British medieval populations (AD 1000-1500). Medieval society understood disasters in a practical sense and took steps to minimise risk by constructing flood defences and reinforcing structures damaged by storms. At the same time, natural hazards were widely interpreted through a framework of religious and superstitious beliefs and a wide variety of measures were followed to secure protection against the dangers of the natural world. Disasters, therefore, were interpreted through a duality of understanding in which their occurrence could be the result of spiritual or superstitious triggers but practical solutions were a key component in mitigating their tangible impacts. In evaluating this duality, this book focuses on specific case studies and considers both their diverse historical contexts as well as their consequences for society against the backdrop of significant demographic and climatic change--as a result of the Black Death and the transition to the Little Ice Age.


Meteorological Disasters in Medieval Britain (AD 1000‒1500)

Meteorological Disasters in Medieval Britain (AD 1000‒1500)
Author: Peter James Brown
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023-10-12
Genre:
ISBN: 9783110719574

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Die Untersuchung von Katastrophen in historischer Perspektive unter Anwendung stark interdisziplinär ausgerichteter Zugänge hat sich zu einem sehr dynamischen Forschungsfeld entwickelt. Geschichtswissenschaft, Archäologie, Sozialanthropologie, Soziologie, Literaturwissenschaften, Philosophie, Theologie, Klimatologie, Geografie und zahlreiche weitere Disziplinen leisten dazu wesentliche Beiträge. Gemeinsam ermöglichen sie Einblicke, wie historische und heutige Gesellschaften Extremereignissen wahrnahmen, interpretierten, bewältigten und sich daran erinnerten, welche längerfristigen Adaptionsstrategien sie entwickelten. Auch methodische Überlegungen zur Natur von Katastrophen, von Risiko, Vulnerabilität und Resilienz sind dabei zentral. Die Reihe steht für Publikationen sowohl in deutscher als auch englischer Sprache offen und ist ebenso auf Monografien (u.a. die Druckfassung exzellenter Dissertationen und Habilitationsschriften) wie Sammelbände ausgerichtet.


A Companion to Eighteenth-Century Europe

A Companion to Eighteenth-Century Europe
Author: Peter H. Wilson
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 630
Release: 2014-01-06
Genre: History
ISBN: 1118908430

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A COMPANION TO EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY EUROPE “This is an impressive volume, with leading experts providing a wide-ranging coverage that should satisfy most requirements for effective and thoughtful introductory surveys... All specialists on this period will find much of value in this excellent volume.” History, The Journal of the Historical Association This Companion contains 31 essays by leading international scholars to provide an overview of the key debates on eighteenth-century Europe. It considers not just major western European states, but also the often neglected countries of eastern and northern Europe. Placing Europe within an international context, contributors investigate key areas of society, economics, culture, and political development. The book concludes with the French and other European revolutions that brought the century to a close, both chronologically and as regards the Ancien Régime. A Companion to Eighteenth-Century Europe examines both established and emerging areas of interest in the field, making it an essential guide for students and scholars.


A Mist Connection

A Mist Connection
Author: Katrin Kleemann
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 402
Release: 2023-06-06
Genre: History
ISBN: 3110731924

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In the summer of 1783, an unusual dry fog descended upon large parts of the northern hemisphere. The fog brought with it bloodred sunsets, a foul sulfuric odor, and a host of other peculiar weather events. Inspired by the Enlightenment, many naturalists attempted to find reasonable explanations for these occurrences. Between 8 June 1783 and 7 February 1784, a 27-kilometer-long fissure volcano erupted in the Icelandic highlands. It produced the largest volume of lava released by any volcanic eruption on planet Earth in the last millennium. In Iceland, the eruption led to the death of one-fifth of the population. The jetstream carried its volcanic gases further afield to Europe and beyond, where they settled as a fog, the origin of which puzzled naturalists and laypersons. "A Mist Connection" is an environmental history that documents the Laki eruption and its consequences for Iceland and the wider world. The book combines methods of historical disaster research, climate history, global history, history of science, and geology in an interdisciplinary approach. Icelandic flood lava eruptions of this scale have a statistical recurrence period of 200 to 500 years; it is crucial to understand their nature so that we can prepare for the next one. An eruption of this magnitude would surely be disastrous for our modern, globalized, and interconnected world.


The Crisis of the 14th Century

The Crisis of the 14th Century
Author: Martin Bauch
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 305
Release: 2019-12-16
Genre: Literary Criticism
ISBN: 3110660784

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Pre-modern critical interactions of nature and society can best be studied during the so-called "Crisis of the 14th Century". While historiography has long ignored the environmental framing of historcial processes and scientists have over-emphasized nature's impact on the course of human history, this volume tries to describe the at times complex modes of the late-medieval relationship of man and nature. The idea of 'teleconnection', borrowed from the geosciences, describes the influence of atmospheric circulation patterns often over long distances. It seems that there were 'teleconnections' in society, too. So this volumes aims to examine man-environment interactions mainly in the 14th century from all over Europe and beyond. It integrates contributions from different disciplines on impact, perception and reaction of environmental change and natural extreme events on late Medieval societies. For humanists from all historical disciplines it offers an approach how to integrate written and even scientific evidence on environmental change in established and new fields of historical research. For scientists it demonstrates the contributions scholars from the humanities can provide for discussion on past environmental changes.


Waiting for the End of the World?

Waiting for the End of the World?
Author: Christopher M. Gerrard
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 372
Release: 2020-09-07
Genre: History
ISBN: 1000091767

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Waiting for the End of the World? addresses the archaeological, architectural, historical and geological evidence for natural disasters in the Middle Ages between the 11th and 16th centuries. This volume adopts a fresh interdisciplinary approach to explore the many ways in which environmental hazards affected European populations and, in turn, how medieval communities coped and responded to short- and long-term consequences. Three sections, which focus on geotectonic hazards (Part I), severe storms and hydrological hazards (Part II) and biophysical hazards (Part III), draw together 18 papers of the latest research while additional detail is provided in a catalogue of the 20 most significant disasters to have affected Europe during the period. These include earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, storms, floods and outbreaks of infectious diseases. Spanning Europe, from the British Isles to Italy and from the Canary Islands to Cyprus, these contributions will be of interest to earth scientists, geographers, historians, sociologists, anthropologists and climatologists, but are also relevant to students and non-specialist readers interested in medieval archaeology and history, as well as those studying human geography and disaster studies. Despite a different set of beliefs relating to the natural world and protection against environmental hazards, the evidence suggests that medieval communities frequently adopted a surprisingly ‘modern’, well-informed and practically minded outlook.


Disasters and History

Disasters and History
Author: Bas van Bavel
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 243
Release: 2020-10-22
Genre: History
ISBN: 1108752381

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Disasters and History offers the first comprehensive historical overview of hazards and disasters. Drawing on a range of case studies, including the Black Death, the Lisbon earthquake of 1755 and the Fukushima disaster, the authors examine how societies dealt with shocks and hazards and their potentially disastrous outcomes. They reveal the ways in which the consequences and outcomes of these disasters varied widely not only between societies but also within the same societies according to social groups, ethnicity and gender. They also demonstrate how studying past disasters, including earthquakes, droughts, floods and epidemics, can provide a lens through which to understand the social, economic and political functioning of past societies and reveal features of a society which may otherwise remain hidden from view. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.


Historic Storms of the North Sea, British Isles and Northwest Europe

Historic Storms of the North Sea, British Isles and Northwest Europe
Author: Hubert Lamb
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 238
Release: 1991-06-13
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 9780521375221

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This is a historical study of great wind storms over the last 500-600 years, with meteorological maps and wind measurements.


The Great Transition

The Great Transition
Author: B. M. S. Campbell
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 491
Release: 2016-06-23
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0521195888

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Major account of the fourteenth-century crisis which saw a series of famines, revolts and epidemics transform the medieval world.


Weather: A Very Short Introduction

Weather: A Very Short Introduction
Author: Storm Dunlop
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 177
Release: 2017-01-19
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 0191665231

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From deciding the best day for a picnic, to the devastating effects of hurricanes and typhoons, the weather impacts our lives on a daily basis. Although new techniques allow us to forecast the weather with increasing accuracy, most people do not realise the vast global movements and forces which result in their day-to-day weather. In this Very Short Introduction Storm Dunlop explains what weather is and how it differs from climate, discussing what causes weather, and how we measure it. Analysing the basic features and properties of the atmosphere, he shows how these are directly related to the weather experienced on the ground, and to specific weather phenomena and extreme weather events. He describes how the global patterns of temperature and pressure give rise to the overall circulation within the atmosphere, the major wind systems, and the major oceanic currents, and how features such as mountains and the sea affect local weather. He also looks at examples of extreme and dangerous weather, such as of tropical cyclones (otherwise known as hurricanes and typhoons), describing how 'Hurricane Hunters' undertake the dangerous task of flying through them. We measure weather in a number of ways: observations taken on the land and sea; observations within the atmosphere; and measurements from orbiting satellites. Dunlop concludes by looking at how these observations have been used to develop increasingly sophisticated long- and short-range weather forecasting, including ensemble forecasting. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.